l

 

L, all lists have been in HCOBs as "L." (HCOB 19 Aug 63) [In this dictionary, the Scn and Dn lists will be found under LIST.] See also CORRECTION LIST.

 

LACC, London Advanced Clinical Course. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LAM, London Auditors’ Meetings. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LAMBDA, 1. Dianetic Axiom 11: A life organism is composed of matter and energy in space and time, animated by theta. Symbol: Living organism or organisms will hereafter be represented by the Greek letter Lambda. (Dn Today, p. 968) 2. a chemical heat engine existing in space and time motivated by the life static and directed by thought. (Dn Today, p. 969)

 

L & A, Logics and Axioms Lectures. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

L & N, Listing and Nulling. (HCOB 20 Apr 72 II)

 

L&N LIST, a list of items given by a pc in response to a listing question and written down by the auditor in the exact sequence that they are given to him by the preclear. An L&N list is always done on a separate sheet. (BTB 7 Nov 72 III)

 

LANGUAGE, 1. the symbolization of effort. (Scn 0-8, p. 82) 2. the communications of agreements and disagreements. (PDC 27) 3. symbolized object or condition or state of being. (PDC 44)

 

LANGUAGE LOCKS, locks in which the main aberrative content is in terms of language. These may be considered symbolic restimulators of mest locks, which are more fundamental. (SOS Gloss)

 

LARGE READS, 1/3 of a dial or more at sensitivity 5. (HCOB 24 Jan 65)

 

LARGE THETA BOP, a quarter of a dial to a third of the dial. (Cert, Vol. 5, No. 9, 1958)

 

LAST GPM, closest to PT. (SH Spec 307, 6309C17)

 

LATENT READ, 1. a read which occurs later than completion of the major thought being expressed in words by the auditor. (HCOB 25 May 62) 2. if the needle doesn’t fall or react for a second or more after the question is asked, and then reacts, this is a latent read. (HCOB 6 Jul 61)

 

LATER ON THE TRACK, closer to PT. (HCOB 8 Apr 63)

 

LAUDABLE WITHHOLD, if it’s laudable to have done it, then it’s not laudable to withhold it. All right, if it’s laudable to withhold it then it must be coupled with, "You shouldn’t ought to have done it, it shouldn’t be done." So one of the pair of the overt or the withhold is always laudable and always desirable. And the other one is undesirable. A laudable withhold is an undesirable action. (SH Spec 100, 6201C16)

 

LAUGHTER, 1. Laughter plays a definite role in therapy. It is quite amusing to see a preclear, who has been haunted by an engram which contained great emotional charge, suddenly relieve it, for the situation, no matter how gruesome it was, when relieved, is in all its aspects a subject of great mirth. Laughter is definitely the relief of painful emotion. (DMSMH, p. 121) 2. this laughter is the reversing of charge residual in the locks which depended for their fear content or antagonistic content upon the basic engrams. (DTOT, p. 99)

 

LAW OF AFFINITY, the law of affinity might be interpreted as the law of cohesion; "affinity" might be defined as "love" in both its meanings. Deprivation of or absence of affection could be considered as a violation of the law of affinity. Man must be in affinity with man to survive. (DMSMH, p. 106)

 

LAWS, the codified agreements of the people crystallizing their customs and representing their believed in necessities of conduct. (PAB 96)

 

LCHP, London Congress of Human Problems. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LCNRH, London Congress on Nuclear Radiation and Health. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LD, long duration. (HCOB 9 Aug 69)

 

LEARNING DRILL, THE, a drill used to improve the ability to study and increase the learning rate. (BTB 10 Dec 70R)

 

LEAVE OF ABSENCE, an authorized period of absence from a course granted in writing by a course supervisor and entered in the student’s study folder. (HCOB 19 Jun 71 III)

 

LECT, lecture. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LEFT-HAND BUTTON, a suppressor-type button. The nearlyfound-out is a left-hand button and does not necessarily read on the meter. Suppress, careful of, nearly found out, fail to reveal. They do not cause things to read, they prevent things from reading. All the other buttons cause things to read unnecessarily. Anxious about tends to be a left-hand button. Protest follows on a left-hand button so it tends to be the point where the left and right side tie together. (SH Spec 229, 6301C10)

 

LEG OF A PROCESS, in a process with more than one command, each command is called a "leg." (HCOB 21 Jul 63)

 

L-11, New Life Rundown. (CG&AC 75) See also L9S.

 

L-11 EXPANDED, New Life Expansion Rundown. (CG&AC 75)

 

LETTING THE PC HAVE HIS WIN, a session that tries to go beyond a big dial wide drifting floating F/N only distracts the pc from his win. Big win. Any big win (F/N dial wide, cog, VGIs) gives you this kind of persistent F/N. You at least have to let it go until tomorrow and let the pc have his win. That is what is meant by letting the pc have his win. When you get one of these dial wide F/Ns, cog, VGIs, Wow! you may as well pack it up for the day. (HCOB 8 Oct 70)

 

LEVEL, 1. grade and level are the same thing but when one has a grade one is a pc and when one has a level one is studying its data. (HCOB 2 Apr 65) 2. a segment of technical information or performance for any application of Scn. (Aud 72 UK) 3. Level means "that body of Scn data for that point of progress of the individual." (Aud 72 UK) 4. any doingness or not doingness on the pre-hav scale. Any word in the scale itself. (HCOB 7 Nov 62 III) Abbr. Lev.

 

LEVEL 0, see HRS.

 

LEVEL I, see HTS.

 

LEVEL II, see HCA.

 

LEVEL III, see HPA.

 

LEVEL IV, see HAA.

 

LEVEL V, see HVA.

 

LEVEL (5), STATE OF CASE, dub-in—some areas of track so heavily charged, pc is below consciousness in them. (HCOB 8 Jun 63) [For a complete list of the 8 levels of case of SOP 8-C, see STATE OF CASE SCALE.]

 

LEVEL VI, see HSS. [The SHSBC teaches to Level VI and results in a Class VI auditor. However Grade VI is a solo-audit grade and is not only done by a Class VI auditor but also by pcs who have attained Grade VA and have completed a special course which teaches them to solo audit.]

 

LEVEL VII, Level VII contains the materials necessary to totally erase the reactive mind. (SH Spec 71, 6607C26) [The Class VII Course is the course which teaches auditors to audit the power processes. Level VII or Clearing Course, as it is more often called, is done by pcs who have successfully solo audited to Grade VI Release, after which they may solo audit to Clear.]

 

LEVEL OF AWARENESS, by level of awareness is meant that of which a being is aware. There are about fifty-two levels of awareness from unexistence up to the state of Clear. A being who is at a level on this scale is aware only of that level and the others below it. (HCO PL 5 May 65)

 

LF, long fall. (HCOB 29 Apr 69)

 

LFBD, long fall blowdown. (HCOB 29 Apr 69)

 

LGC, London Group Course. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LIE, 1. a second postulate, statement or condition designed to mask a primary postulate which is permitted to remain. (PXL, p. 180) 2. a statement that a particle having moved did not move, or a statement that a particle not having moved, did move. (PXL, p. 180) 3. an alteration of time, place, event and form. (PXL, p. 187) 4. invention with a bad connotation. (PAB 49)

 

LIE FACTORY, Slang. technically, a phrase contained in an engram demanding prevarication—it was originally called a fabricator. (DMSMH, p. 191)

 

LIE REACTION, questions originally used in Scientology only to study the needle pattern of the person being checked so that changes in it could then be judged in their true light. Some pcs for instance, get a slight fall every time any question is asked. Some get a fall only when there is heavy charge. Both can be security checked by studying the common pattern of the needle demonstrated in asking the lie reaction questions. (HCO PL 25 Mar 61)

 

LIFE, 1. (understanding), when we say "Life" we mean understanding, and when we say "understanding" we mean affinity, reality and communication. To understand all would be to live at the highest level of potential action and ability. Because life is understanding it attempts to understand. When it faces the incomprehensible it feels balked and baffled. (Dn 55.!, p. 36) 2. a fundamental axiom of Dn is that life is formed by theta compounding with mest to make a living organism. Life is theta plus mest. (SOS, Bk. 2, p. 3) 3. a static, which yet has the power of controlling, animating, mobilizing, organizing and destroying matter, energy and space, and possibly even time. (HFP, p. 24) 4. a thought or mind or beingness that conceives there are forms, masses, spaces, and difficulties. (HPCA-64, 5608C--) 5. that which is posing and solving problems. (UPC 11) 6. Life is a game consisting of freedom, barriers and purposes. (Scn 0-8, p. 119)

 

LIFE AND LIVINGNESS ENVIRONMENT, the workaday world of the pc. (HCOB 1 Oct 63)

 

LIFE CONTINUUM, 1. one individual attempting to carry on the life of another deceased individual or departed individual by means of generating in his own body the infirmities and mannerisms of the deceased or departed individual. (9ACC-24, 5501C14) 2. it is the restimulation of an individual’s desire to go on living when he’s dying. (5112CM28B) 3. it is simply this: somebody fails, departs or dies and the individual then takes on the burden of this person’s habits, goals, fears, and idiosyncrasies. (5112CM28B)

 

LIFE REPAIR PROGRAM, handles Life areas. (HCOB 15 Jun 70) [Note the referenced HCOB outlines the steps for this type of program. ]

 

LIFE RUDS, as the person with out ruds makes no real gain it is wise to put ruds in "in Life." This is done with, "In Life have you had an ARC break?" "In Life have you had a problem?" "In Life have you had a withhold?" (HCOB 16 Aug 69)

 

LIFE STATIC, 1. a Life static has no mass, no motion, no wave-length, no location in space or time. It has the ability to postulate and to perceive. (PXL, p. 146) 2. the thought, soul, vital part of you which animates this mest, the body. (HCP, p. 75)

 

LIFE UPSET INTENSIVE, this is a five hour or so intensive. It is the ARC break routine mostly. (LRH ED 57 INT)

 

LIGHT OBJECTIVE PROCESSES, light objective (look outward, take attention off body) processes. (Abil Mi 244)

 

LIGHT PROCESSING, 1. Light processing deals with postulates and effects and can be done either on an individual or coauditing basis. (DAB, Vol. II, p. 173) 2. includes analytical recall of conscious moments. It is intended to raise tone and increase perception and memory. (SA, p. 61)

 

LIMITED PROCESS, any process which makes the preclear create is a limited process. Such processes as "Tell a lie" are creative processes. (HCOB 11 Feb 60)

 

LIMITED TECHNIQUE, a technique which can be used only for a short time beneficially, and after a certain period of time will begin to cause deterioration. (2ACC 20B, 5312CM10)

 

LINE CHARGE, a prolonged spell of uncontrolled laughter or crying which may be continued for several hours. Once started a Line charge can usually be reinforced by the occasional interjection of almost any word or phrase by the auditor. The Line charge usually signals the sudden release of a large amount of charge and brings about a marked change in the case. (COHA, p. 281)

 

LINE LISTING, when a goal is found, you then have a number of lines. Called lines. And item by item you ask the question of these lines. You ask the question of the lines of the pc and he gives you the answer. And that is written down. And that is called line listing. And when you have finished all the lines completely there is a free needle on all of the lines. (SH Spec 195, 6309C27)

 

LINE PLOT, this consists of a heavy blue 13-inch (foolscap or legal) sheet of paper, kept in the pc’s folder and kept up to date every time a reliable item (or even last item "in")is found. On this line plot one column, the left-hand one, is reserved for oppterms. The right-hand column is reserved for terms and LIne~ indicate whenever terms or oppterms are derived from each other. A reliable item is designated as such on this line plot with the symbol R.I. Nonreliable items are not designated. The date each line plot item was found is added after the item so it can be found again in the auditor’s reports without a scramble. (HCOB 8 Nov 62)

 

LINES, BASIC FOUR, (1) Who or what would want . . . ? (2) Who or what would not want . . . ? (3) Who or what would oppose . . . ? (4) Who or what would not oppose . . . ? (HCOB 7 Nov 62)

 

LIST, see CORRECTION LIST and L & N LIST.

 

LISTEN STYLE AUDITING, at Level 0 the style is Listen Style auditing. Here the auditor is expected to Listen to the pc. The only skill necessary is listening to another. Listen Style should not be complicated by expecting more of the auditor than just this: Listen to the pc without evaluating, invalidating or interrupting. (HCOB 6 Nov 64)

 

LISTING, 1. the auditor’s action in writing down items said by the pc in response to a question by the auditor. (HCOB 5 Dec 62) 2. this is something Listed by the pc. The pc says it. It is from a question. The auditor asks the question, the pc then gives him items which the auditor then writes down from the pc. (Class VIII No. 11) 3. a special procedure used in some processes where the auditor writes down items said by the preclear in response to a question by the auditor in the exact sequence that they are given to him by the preclear. (Scn AD) 4. in Listing, today the correct L&N item must BD and F/N. (HCOB 20 Apr 72 II)

 

LISTING AND NULLING, 1. this is something Listed by the pc, the pc says it. It is from a question. The auditor asks the question, the pc then gives him items which the auditor then writes down from the pc. (Class VIII No. 11) 2. you ask a question of the pc, the pc gives you item, item, item, item. The auditor writes them down and then he nulls the List. And there must only be one item which has any read in it of any kind whatsoever on that List. (Class VIII No. 11) Also see LISTING, see NULLING.

 

LISTING METER, a real cheap meter that was beautifully designed, but basically one that would do a power of good as far as Listing is concerned, so that you wouldn’t miss reads. (SH Spec 256, 6304C02)

 

LIST ONE, 1. a List of Scn items. This includes Scn, Scn organizations, an auditor, clearing, auditing, Scientologists, a session, an E-meter, a practitioner, the auditor’s name, Ron, other Scn persons, parts of Scn, past auditors, etc. This List is composed by the auditor, not the pc. (HCOB 23 Nov 62) 2. this is the list one of Routine 2-12. The Scn list is called List One. (HCOB 24 Nov 62)

 

LISTS, all lists have been in HCOBs as "L." (HCOB 19 Aug 63) [Below are some of the lists which begin with L. Other Scn and Dn lists and their usages will appear alphabetically as they occur (e.g. WCCL will be found under W.)] (a) LCR=Confessional Repair List. (FBDL 245) (b) L1=List One. (HCOB 23 Aug 65) (c) L1C=List 1C, used by auditors in session when an upset occurs, or as ordered by the C/S. Handles ARC broken, sad, hopeless or nattery pcs. (HCOB 19 Mar 71) [Earlier numbered L1, L1-A and L1-B.] (d) LlR=Integrity Processing Repair List. The rule of Integrity processing is that it should always end on an F/N. When it does not F/N however (which includes F/Ning at the pc examiner) or pc is upset, gets sick, or not doing well after Integrity processing, this list must be used to repair the pc. (HCOB 8 Jan 72R) (e) LlX Hi-Lo TA List=this assessment has been developed to detect all the reasons for high and low TA. It is used when a C/S Series 53 has been done and the high or low TA persists. (HCOB 1 Jan 72RA) (f) L3B=[the Dn repair list prior to the L3RD, which revised it.] (g) L3EXD=this list includes the most frequent Dn errors and is amended for Expanded Dn only. (BTB 2 Apr 72RB II) (h) L3RD=this list includes the most frequent Dn errors. A high or low TA and a bogged case can result from failures to erase a chain of incidents. Take any read found to F/N by full repair of it per the instructions. (HCOB 11 Apr 71RA) (i) L4BR=used for assessment of all listing errors, when trouble occurs on a listing process, when TA goes high or pc gets sick or upset after a session which included listing action. (BTB 11 Aug 72RA) [Earlier numbered L4 and L4-A.] See CORRECTION LIST.

 

LIVE QUESTION, 1. unflat question. (HCOB 13 Dec 72R) 2. question unflat, needle reaction on a question. (HCOB 19 Oct 61)

 

LIVINGNESS, is going along a certain course impelled by a purpose and with some place to arrive. It consists mostly of removing the barriers in the channel, holding the edges firm, ignoring the distractions and reinforcing and re-impelling one’s progress along the channel. That’s Life. (SH Spec 57, 6504C06)

 

L9S, a process called L9-Short (originally called L10s but renamed for proper issue) The New Life Rundown. The New Life Rundown has exact steps. Well done it gives a new life in truth. (HCOB 17 Jun 71) [Now called L-11 per CG&AC 75.]

 

LOC, locational. (BTB 20 Aug 71R II)

 

LOCATIONAL, 1. a process called locational. Command: "Have you got an auditing room?" Locational is only one of many spotting processes. (SCP, pp. 27-28) 2. "Locate the ." The auditor has the preclear locate the floor, the ceiling, the walls, the furniture in the room and other objects and bodies. (HCOTB 6 Feb 57) 3. "Look at that object". (HCOB 2 Nov 57RA)

 

LOCATIONAL PROCESSING, the object of locational processing is to establish an adequacy of communication terminals in the environment of the preclear. It can be run in busy thoroughfares, graveyards, confused traffic or anywhere there is or is not motion of objects and people. Commands: "Notice that (person)." (Op Bull No. 1) Abbr. Loc.

 

LOCATIONAL SPOTTING, one directs the pc’s attention with "You notice that (object)" all about the room and at first only occasionally includes the pc’s body and the auditor’s body in the spotting. Then the auditor, using the same process, concentrates less and less upon the room and more and more upon the auditor and the pc. It will be found that the pc will eventually find the auditor with his attention so directed. (SCP, p. 20)

 

LOCK, 1. an analytical moment in which the perceptics of the engram are approximated, thus restimulating the engram or bringing it into action, the present time perceptics being erroneously interpreted by the reactive mind to mean that the same condition which produced physical pain once before is now again at hand. Locks contain mainly perceptics; no physical pain and very little misemotion. (SOS, p. 112) 2. a situation of mental anguish. It depends for its force on the engram to which it is appended. The lock is more or less known to the analyzer. It’s a moment of severe restimulation of an engram. (EOS, p. 84) 3. those parts of the time track which contain moments the pc assoc~ates with key-ins. (HCOB 15 May 63) 4. conscious level experiences which sort of stick and the individual doesn’t quite know why. (SH Spec 72, 6607C28)

 

LOCK END WORDS, words that are not in the GPMs but which, occurring later, are close in meaning to significances that are part of the GPMs and so loek into a GPM and restimulate it. They keep large parts of the reactive mind in restimulation. (LRH Def. Notes)

 

LOCKS, mental image pictures of non-painful but disturbing experiences the person has experienced. They depend for their force on secondaries and engrams. (HCOB 12 Jul 65)

 

LOCK SCANNING, one contacts an early loek on the track and goes rapidly or slowly through all such similar incidents straight to present time. One does this many times and the whole chain of locks become ineffective in influencing one. (HFP, pp. 99-100)

 

LOCK WORDS, words not in the GPMs but close in meaning. (HCOB 17 Oct 64 III)

 

LOE, London Open Evening Lectures. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LOGIC, 1. a gradient scale of association of facts of greater or lesser similarity made to resolve some problem of the past, present or future, but mainly to resolve and predict the future. Logic is the combination of factors into an answer. (Scn 8-8008, p. 46) 2. the gradient scale and comparisons of data which work out a smooth network of terminals and communication lines which deliver data in a prediction of future form or theta beingness. (Spr Lect 6, 5303CM25) 3. primitive logic was one-valued. Everything was assumed to be the product of a divine will, and there was no obligation to decide the rightness or wrongness of anything. Most logic added up merely to the propitiation of the gods. Aristotle formulated two-valued logic. A thing was either right or wrong. This type of logic is used by the reactive mind. In the present day, engineers are using a sort of three-valued logic which contains the values of right, wrong, and maybe. From three-valued logic we jump to an infinityvalued logic—a spectrum which moves from infinite wrongness to infinite rightness. (NOTL, p. 17) 4. rationalism, for all logic is based upon the somewhat idiotic circumstance that a being that is immortal is trying to survive. (Scn 8-8008, p. 47) 5. the subject of reasoning. (HCO PL 11 May 70)

 

LOL, life or livingness. (SH Spec 225, 6212C13)

 

LONG FALL, an E-meter read of two to three inches. (HCOB 29 Apr 69) Abbr. LF.

 

LONG FALL BLOWDOWN, a long fall followed by a blowdown or TA motion downward. (HCOB 29 Apr 69) Abbr. LFBD.

 

LON LECT, London Lecture. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LOOP, a redoubling of the time track, back on itself. In this case incidents are not in their correct place on the time track. (DTOT, p. 142)

 

LOSE, intending to do something and not doing it, and intending not to do something and doing it. (SH Spec 278, 6306C25)

 

LOSS, something has withdrawn from a thetan without his consent. This would be the definition of loss. (COHA, p. 210)

 

LOSS OF HAVINGNESS, see DEPLETION OF HAVINGNESS.

 

LOSS OF VIEWPOINT, where he has had an a]ly who is dead, he has once had a viewpoint which was alive and now can no longer use that viewpoint. This is the basic loss and the basic occlusion. It is the loss of a viewpoint. (PAB 2)

 

LOVE, 1. Love, as a word, has too many meanings, and so we use an old, old word, affinity, as meaning the love or brotherhood from one dynamic to another. (HFP, p. 41) 2. the human manifestation of admiration. (PAB 8) 3. an intensity of happiness addressed in a certain direction. (SA, p. 93)

 

LOWER HARMONIC, it is a lower similarity which is nutty which is actually based on something like it higher on the scale which isn’t. It means a co-action or similar. (SH Spec 83, 6612C06)

 

LOWER ON THE SCALE, means lower toned or means in worse shape. (5707C17)

 

LOW TA, 1. below 2.0 on the tone arm. (HCOB 11 May 69 II) 2. the low TA is a symptom of an overwhelmed being. When a pc’s TA goes low he is being overwhelmed by too heavy a process, too steep a gradient in applying processes or by rough TRs or invalidative auditing or auditing errors. A low TA means that the thetan has gone past a desire to stop things and is likely to behave in life as though unable to resist real or imaginary forces. (HCOB 16 Jun 70)

 

LOW-TONE CASE, can be at clear read, unreactive on a sticky sort of needle. He cannot however do things in life. He or she cannot answer questions intelligently about help or control. (EME, p. 9)

 

LPC, London Professional Course. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LPLS, London Public Lecture Series. (HCOB 29 Sept 66)

 

LRH, L. Ron Hubbard, Founder and Source of Dianetics and Scientology and Commodore of the Sea Organization. (HCO PL 13 Jul 73)

 

LT, lifetime. (BTB 20 Aug 71R II)

 

LTD, designation on HCO Policy Letters and HCO Bulletins indicates dissemination and restriction as follows: Goes to HCO Area Secs, HCO Cont, HCO WW only but never to central organizations or field or public. (HCO PL 22 May 59)

 

LTD CONT, designation on HCO Policy Letters and HCO Bulletins indicates dissemination and restriction as follows: Goes to HCO Cont only plus HCO WW. (HCO PL 22 May 59)

 

LTD WW, designation on HCO Policy Letters and HCO Bulletins indicates dissemination and restriction as follows: Goes to HCO WW personnel only. (HCO PL 22 May 59)

 

L-10, there are now three L-10s: L-10S for "short," L-10M for "medium," for those not yet OT, and L-10-OT for those on OT grades III or above. (LRH OODs Command Item, 17 May 71)

 

L-10M, the Flag OT Executive Rundown, delivers OT capability to executives being trained on Flag. The technical name of it is "L-10M." (HCOB 8 Jun 71 II) [Now called L-12 per CG&AC 75.]

 

L-10-OT, an upper level rundown whose basic tech comes from research into increasing OT powers. (CG&AC 75)

 

L-12, the Flag OT Executive Rundown. (CG&AC 75) See also L-10M .

 

LUCK, 1. by luck we mean "destiny not personally guided." Luck is only necessary amid a strong current of confusing factors. (POW, p. 21) 2. the hope that some uncontrolled chance will get one through. Counting on luck is an abandonment of control. That’s apathy. (POW, p. 25)

 

LUMBOSIS, 1. a very famous Scn disease. (lMACC-27, 5911C26) 2. a weird disease that is only known in Scn. (SH Spec 66, 6509C09)

 

LX LISTS, there are now three "LX" lists: LX3=attitudes, LX2=emotions, LX1=conditions. Originally they were called "X" because they were experimental. These serve to isolate reasons a being is charged up to such an extent that he is out of valence. When a person is out of valence he does not easily as-is his bank. (HCOB 2 Aug 69, LX Lists)

 

LYING, 1. Lying is an alteration of time, place, event or form. Lying becomes alter-isness, becomes stupidity. (COHA, p. 20) 2. the lowest form of creativity. (FOT, p. 25)