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10/18/09(Sun)12:40:18 No.5889570 File1255884018.jpg-(9 KB, 136x225, sacr1.jpg)
>>5889447 >After
the Theban general Pelopidas recaptured the acropolis of Thebes in 379
BC, he assumed command of the Sacred Band, in which he fought alongside
his good friend Epaminondas. It was Pelopidas who formed these couples
into a distinct unit: he "never separated or scattered them, but would
stand [them with himself in] the brunt of battle, using them as one
body."[5] They became, in effect, the "crack" force of Greek
soldiery[6], and the forty years of their known existence (378-338 BC)
marked the pre-eminence of Thebes as a military and political power in
late-classical Greece.
>The
Sacred Band under Pelopidas fought the Spartans[7] at Tegyra in 375 BC,
vanquishing an army that was at least three times its size. It was also
responsible for the victory at Leuctra in 371 BC, called by Pausanias
the most decisive battle ever fought by Greeks against Greeks. Leuctra
established Theban independence from Spartan rule and laid the
groundwork for the expansion of Theban power, but possibly also for
Philip II's eventual victory.
>Defeat
came at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), the decisive contest in which
Philip II of Macedon, with his son Alexander, extinguished the Theban
hegemony. Alexander became the first to break through the Band's
line,[8] which had thitherto been thought invincible. The traditional
hoplite infantry was no match for the novel long-speared Macedonian
phalanx: the Theban army and its allies broke and fled, but the Sacred
Band, although surrounded and overwhelmed, refused to surrender. It
held its ground and fell where it stood. Plutarch records that Philip
II, on encountering the corpses "heaped one upon another",
understanding who they were, exclaimed, > "Perish any man who suspects that these men either did or suffered anything unseemly." |