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03/17/10(Wed)01:08 No. 2702369 If
an American of Asian descent wants to create a children’s book intended
to build self-esteem among Asian American children and educate other
children about Asian American experiences, she must first make sure the
readers know that the characters represented are Asian, and so,
consciously or not, she resorts to stereotyped signifiers that are
easily recognizable, such as “slanted” eyes (an exaggerated
representation of the epicanthic fold that is often, but not always,
more pronounced in East Asians than in Europeans or Africans) or pitch
black, straight hair (regardless of the fact that East Asian hair can
range from near-black to reddish brown, and is often wavy or even
frizzy). So it is that Americans and others raised in European-dominated
societies, regardless of their background, will see a circle with two
dots for eyes and a line for a mouth, free of racial signifiers, as
“white.” Japan, however, is not and never has been a
European-dominated society. The Japanese are not Other within their own
borders, and therefore drawn (or painted or sculpted) representations
of, by and for Japanese do not, as a rule, include stereotyped racial
markers. A circle with two dots for eyes and a line for a mouth is, by
default, Japanese. It should come as no surprise, then, that
Japanese readers should have no trouble accepting the stylized
characters in manga, with their small jaws, all but nonexistent noses,
and famously enormous eyes as “Japanese.” Unless the characters are
clearly identified as foreign, Japanese readers see them as Japanese,
and it would never occur to most readers that they might be otherwise,
regardless of whether non-Japanese observers think the characters look
Japanese or not.