27 October 2008
[Federal Register: October 27, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 208)]
[Notices]
[Page 63711-63713]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr27oc08-62]
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FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
[File No. 081 0133]
Reed Elsevier NV, Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier Group plc,
Reed Elsevier Inc., ChoicePoint Inc., ChoicePoint Services Inc., and
ChoicePoint Government Services LLC; Analysis of Agreement Containing
Consent Order to Aid Public Comment
AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission.
ACTION: Proposed Consent Agreement.
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SUMMARY: The consent agreement in this matter settles alleged
violations of federal law prohibiting unfair or deceptive acts or
practices or unfair methods of competition. The attached Analysis to
Aid Public Comment describes both the allegations in the draft
complaint and the terms of the consent order--embodied in the consent
agreement--that would settle these allegations.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before October 29, 2008.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties are invited to submit written comments.
Comments should refer to ``Reed Elsevier ChoicePoint, File No. 081
0133,'' to facilitate the organization of comments. A comment filed in
paper form should include this reference both in the text and on the
envelope, and should be mailed or delivered to the following address:
Federal Trade Commission/Office of the Secretary, Room 135-H, 600
Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20580. Comments containing
confidential material must be filed in paper form, must be clearly
labeled ``Confidential,'' and must comply with Commission Rule 4.9(c).
16 CFR 4.9(c) (2005).\1\ The FTC is requesting that any comment filed
in paper form be sent by courier or overnight service, if possible,
because U.S. postal mail in the Washington area and at the Commission
is subject to delay due to heightened security precautions. Comments
that do not contain any nonpublic information may instead be filed in
electronic form by following the instructions on the web-based form at
(http://secure.commentworks.com/ftc-ChoicePoint). To ensure that the
Commission considers an electronic comment, you must file it on that
web-based form.
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\1\ The comment must be accompanied by an explicit request for
confidential treatment, including the factual and legal basis for
the request, and must identify the specific portions of the comment
to be withheld from the public record. The request will be granted
or denied by the Commission's General Counsel, consistent with
applicable law and the public interest. See Commission Rule 4.9(c),
16 CFR 4.9(c).
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The Federal Trade Commission Act (``FTC Act'') and other laws the
Commission administers permit the collection of public comments to
consider and use in this proceeding as appropriate. The Commission will
consider all timely and responsive public comments that it receives,
whether filed in paper or electronic form. Comments received will be
available to the public on the FTC website, to the extent practicable,
at (http://www.ftc.gov/os/publiccomments.shtm). As a matter of
discretion, the Commission makes every effort to remove home contact
information for individuals from the public comments it receives before
placing those comments on the FTC website. More information, including
routine uses permitted by the Privacy Act, may be found in the FTC's
privacy policy, at (http://www.ftc.gov/ftc/privacy.shtm)
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brendan McNamara, FTC Bureau of
Competition, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20580, (202)
326-3703.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant to section 6(f) of the Federal
Trade Commission Act, 38 Stat. 721, 15 U.S.C. 46(f), and Sec. 2.34 of
the Commission Rules of Practice, 16 CFR 2.34, notice is hereby given
that the above-captioned consent agreement containing a consent order
to cease and desist, having been filed with and accepted, subject to
final approval, by the Commission, has been placed on the public record
for a period of thirty (30) days. The following Analysis to Aid Public
Comment describes the terms of the consent agreement, and the
allegations in the complaint. An electronic copy of the full text of
the consent agreement package can be obtained from the FTC Home Page
(for September 16, 2008), on the World Wide Web, at (http://
www.ftc.gov/os/2008/09/index.htm). A paper copy can be obtained from
the FTC Public Reference Room, Room 130-H, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW,
Washington, D.C. 20580, either in person or by calling (202) 326-2222.
Public comments are invited, and may be filed with the Commission
in either paper or electronic form. All comments
[[Page 63712]]
should be filed as prescribed in the ADDRESSES section above, and must
be received on or before the date specified in the DATES section.
Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent Order to Aid Public Comment
I. Introduction
The Federal Trade Commission (``Commission'') has accepted, subject
to final approval, an Agreement Containing Consent Orders (``Consent
Agreement'') from Reed Elsevier NV, Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier
Group plc, and Reed Elsevier Inc. (collectively ``Reed Elsevier''), and
ChoicePoint Inc., ChoicePoint Services Inc., and ChoicePoint Government
Services LLC (collectively ``ChoicePoint''). The purpose of the
proposed Consent Agreement is to remedy the anticompetitive effects
that would otherwise result from Reed Elsevier's proposed acquisition
of ChoicePoint in the U.S. market for electronic public records
services to law enforcement customers. Under the terms of the proposed
Consent Agreement, Reed Elsevier and ChoicePoint are required to divest
assets related to ChoicePoint's AutoTrackXP and Consolidated Lead
Evaluation and Reporting (``CLEAR'') electronic public records
services.
The proposed Consent Agreement has been placed on the public record
for thirty days to solicit comments from interested persons. Comments
received during this period will become part of the public record.
After thirty days, the Commission will again review the proposed
Consent Agreement and the comments received, and will decide whether it
should withdraw from the proposed Consent Agreement, modify it, or make
it final.
Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated February 20,
2008, Reed Elsevier has agreed to acquire ChoicePoint for approximately
$4.1 billion (``Proposed Acquisition''). The Commission's complaint
alleges that the Proposed Acquisition, if consummated, would violate
Section 7 of the Clayton Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 18, and
Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C.
Sec. 45, by lessening competition in the market for electronic public
record services sold to law enforcement customers in the United States.
The proposed Consent Agreement would remedy the alleged violations by
replacing the competition that would be lost in this market as a result
of the Proposed Acquisition.
II. The Parties
Reed Elsevier is a worldwide, leading information services provider
and publisher with headquarters in London, Amsterdam, and New York.
Reed Elsevier's LexisNexis division provides information and risk
management products and services to financial, business, law
enforcement, and government customers. LexisNexis's Risk and
Information Analytics Group (``RIAG'') provides public records services
and risk management and information analytics applications designed to
assist customers in managing risk through fraud detection and
prevention, identity authentication and verification, and background
screening. Reed Elsevier reported revenues of 4.6 billion ($9.3
billion) for 2007.
ChoicePoint, headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia, is a leading
provider of a variety of services used by customers to manage economic
risk. ChoicePoint has four primary service groups: Insurance Services,
Screening and Authentication Services, Business Services, and Marketing
Services. For 2007, ChoicePoint reported revenues of $982 million.
III. Electronic Public Records Services to Law Enforcement Customers
Electronic public records encompasses a wide array of public and
non-public records about individuals and businesses, including credit
header data, criminal records, motor vehicle records, property records,
and employment records. Electronic public records service providers
such as LexisNexis and ChoicePoint compile these records, either by
going directly to the source or by purchasing these records from third
parties, and present them to end users via an online, web-based
interface.
Law enforcement customers utilize electronic public records
services as an investigatory tool in complex criminal investigations,
such as combating terrorism, locating fugitives, and detecting illegal
drug transactions. Unlike other consumers of electronic public records
services, such as collections agencies who use these services for
simple and discrete tasks such as locating an individual, law
enforcement customers use electronic public records services to uncover
previously unknown information and to generate leads in their
investigations. Law enforcement customers, therefore, only work with
electronic public records services providers with the most
comprehensive, up-to-date, and accurate records available, as
deficiencies in the underlying database could cost them a critical lead
in an investigation. In addition to demanding the most complete
database of electronic public records, law enforcement customers
require that the provider have sophisticated search algorithms,
sometimes called analytics, that identify and display non-obvious
relationships between records.
The relevant geographic market in which to assess the impact of the
Proposed Acquisition is the United States. Market participants indicate
that successful participation in this market requires an established
U.S. sales and support presence. As a practical matter, there are no
firms serving non-U.S. customers that a law enforcement customer
located in the United States could turn to as an alternative.
The market for electronic public records services to law
enforcement customers is highly concentrated, with LexisNexis,
primarily through its Accurint for Law Enforcement service, and
ChoicePoint, with its AutoTrackXP service, accounting for over 80
percent of this approximately $60 million market. The Proposed
Acquisition would significantly increase market concentration and
eliminate substantial competition between the only two significant
suppliers of electronic public records services to law enforcement
customers in the United States.
The anticompetitive implications of such a dramatic increase in
concentration are buttressed by evidence of intense head-to-head
competition that would be lost with the Proposed Acquisition. Law
enforcement customers have benefitted from the rivalry between
LexisNexis and ChoicePoint in the form of lower prices, improved
products, and better service and support. In addition, this fierce
competition prompted ChoicePoint to introduce CLEAR--a new and advanced
electronic public records service--designed specifically for law
enforcement customers. Left unremedied, the Proposed Acquisition likely
would cause anticompetitive harm by enabling LexisNexis to profit by
unilaterally raising the prices of electronic public records services
to law enforcement customers, as well as reducing its incentives to
innovate and develop new services.
New entry or fringe expansion into the market for the sale of
electronic public records services to law enforcement customers
sufficient to deter or counteract the competitive effects of the
proposed transaction is unlikely to occur within two years. Firms
existing in the market would need to improve their software and
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underlying analytics substantially, increase the breadth and depth of
their public records data, and overcome the resistance of many law
enforcement customers to switch to a product that lacks the track
record of effectively serving the needs of the law enforcement
community in order to seriously contend for the customers that
currently work with LexisNexis or ChoicePoint. As a result, new entry
or fringe expansion sufficient to achieve a significant market impact
within two years is unlikely.
IV. The Consent Agreement
The proposed Consent Agreement effectively remedies the Proposed
Acquisition's likely anticompetitive effects in the market for
electronic public records services to law enforcement customers. The
proposed Consent Agreement preserves competition by requiring the
divestiture of assets related to ChoicePoint's AutoTrackXP and CLEAR
electronic public records services to Thomson Reuters Legal Inc.
(``West'') within fifteen (15) days after the Proposed Acquisition is
consummated.
The Commission is satisfied that West is a well-qualified acquirer
of the AutoTrackXP and CLEAR assets. West has the resources,
capabilities, experience, and reputation to ensure that it will be an
effective competitor in the market for electronic public records
services to law enforcement customers. West, headquartered in Eagan,
Minnesota, is a subsidiary of Thomson Reuters, one of the world's
leading information service providers to the legal and business
community. West already has a large and experienced sales force with
existing relationships with many law enforcement agencies which use
West's legal research services. With the divested assets, West will be
particularly well-situated to replicate ChoicePoint's success and
compete against the combined firm immediately after the Proposed
Acquisition.
The proposed Consent Agreement contains several provisions designed
to ensure that the divestiture of the AutoTrackXP and CLEAR assets to
West is successful. First, the proposed Consent Agreement requires Reed
Elsevier to provide various transitional services such as customer
service, billing support, and database and network maintenance for up
to two years to enable West to compete against Reed Elsevier
immediately following the divestiture. Second, the proposed Consent
Agreement ensures that Reed Elsevier will maintain the viability and
marketability of the AutoTrackXP and CLEAR assets prior to the
divestiture. Finally, the proposed Consent Agreement allows the
Commission to appoint an Interim Monitor to ensure that Reed Elsevier
fulfills all of its obligations related to the divestiture of the
assets.
In order to ensure that the Commission remains informed about the
status of the AutoTrackXP and CLEAR assets pending divestiture, and
about the efforts being made to accomplish the divestiture, the
proposed Consent Agreement requires Reed Elsevier to file periodic
reports with the Commission until the divestiture is accomplished.
The purpose of this analysis is to facilitate public comment on the
proposed Consent Agreement, and it is not intended to constitute an
official interpretation of the proposed Consent Agreement or to modify
its terms in any way.
By direction of the Commission.
Donald S. Clark
Secretary
[FR Doc. E8-25400 Filed 10-24-08: 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6750-01-S
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