United Arab Emirates

                                  Geography


Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf,
between Oman and Saudi Arabia

Geographic coordinates: 24 00 N, 54 00 E

Map references: Middle East

Area:
total: 82,880 sq km
land: 82,880 sq km
water: 0 sq km

AreaÑcomparative: slightly smaller than Maine

Land boundaries:
total: 867 km
border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km

Coastline: 1,318 km

Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: desert; cooler in eastern mountains

Terrain: flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast
desert wasteland; mountains in east

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m

Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas

Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 2%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 98% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 50 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: frequent sand and dust storms

EnvironmentÑcurrent issues: lack of natural freshwater resources being
overcome by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil
spills

EnvironmentÑinternational agreements:
party to: Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea

GeographyÑnote: strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of
Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil

                                   People


Population: 2,303,088 (July 1998 est.)
note: includes 1,561,840 non-nationals (July 1998 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 32% (male 372,413; female 356,834)
15-64 years: 66% (male 995,798; female 535,014)
65 years and over: 2% (male 29,169; female 13,860) (July 1998 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.78% (1998 est.)

Birth rate: 18.61 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)

Death rate: 3.06 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)

Net migration rate: 2.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.86 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 2.1 male(s)/female (1998 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 14.77 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 74.93 years
male: 73.5 years
female: 76.44 years (1998 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.56 children born/woman (1998 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Emirian(s)
adjective: Emirian

Ethnic groups: Emiri 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other
expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)
note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)

Religions: Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%

Languages: Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write but definition of literacy
not available
total population: 79.2%
male: 78.9%
female: 79.8% (1995 est.)

                                 Government


Country name:
conventional long form: United Arab Emirates
conventional short form: none
local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
local short form: none
former: Trucial States
abbreviation: UAE

Data code: TC

Government type: federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE
federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates

National capital: Abu Dhabi

Administrative divisions: 7 emirates (imarat, singularÑimarah); Abu Zaby
(Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai),
Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn

Independence: 2 December 1971 (from UK)

National holiday: National Day, 2 December (1971)

Constitution: 2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)

Legal system: federal court system introduced in 1971; all emirates except
Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah have joined the federal system; all
emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts

Suffrage: none

Executive branch:
chief of state: President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (since 2 December
1971), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 6 August 1966) and Vice
President MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of
Dubayy (Dubai)
head of government: Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8
October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai); Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin
Zayid Al Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) which is composed of the
seven emirate rulers; the council is the highest constitutional authority in
the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation, Abu
Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power; meets
four times a year
elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC (a group of seven
electors) for five-year terms; election last held NA October 1996 (next to
be held NA 2001); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the
president
election results: ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan reelected president; percent
of FSC vote - NA, but believed to be unanimous; MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum
elected vice president; percent of FSC voteÑNA, but believed to be unanimous

Legislative branch: unicameral Federal National Council or Majlis al-Ittihad
al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of the constituent
states to serve two-year terms)
elections: none
note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto

Judicial branch: Union Supreme Court, judges appointed by the president

Political parties and leaders: none

Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU,
CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Muhammad bin Husayn al-SHAALI
chancery: Suite 700, 1255 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
telephone: [1] (202) 955-7999

Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador David C. LITT
embassy: Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi
mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi; American Embassy Abu Dhabi,
Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-6010 (pouch); noteÑwork week is
Saturday through Wednesday
telephone: [971] (2) 436691, 436692
FAX: [971] (2) 434771
consulate(s) general: Dubai

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and
black with a thicker vertical red band on the hoist side

                                   Economy


EconomyÑoverview: The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's
highest per capita incomes and with a sizable annual trade surplus. Its
wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 33% of GDP), and the fortunes
of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since 1973,
the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region
of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of
living. At present levels of production, oil and gas reserves should last
for over 100 years. The UAE Government is encouraging increased
privatization within the economy, and industrial development is expected to
pick up in 1997-98.

GDP: purchasing power parityÑ$54.2 billion (1997 est.)

GDPÑreal growth rate: 5% (1997 est.)

GDPÑper capita: purchasing power parityÑ$24,000 (1997 est.)

GDPÑcomposition by sector:
agriculture: 3%
industry: 55%
services: 42% (1996 est.)

Inflation rateÑconsumer price index: 3.6% (1997 est.)

Labor force:
total: 1.05 million (1996 est.)
by occupation: services 65%, industry and commerce 30%, agriculture 5% (1996
est.)
note: 75% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July
1998 est.)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Budget:
revenues: $5.1 billion
expenditures: $5.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $294 million
(1997 est.)

Industries: petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some
boat building, handicrafts, pearling

Industrial production growth rate: 6.1% (1995 est.)

ElectricityÑcapacity: 5.29 million kW (1995)

ElectricityÑproduction: 18 billion kWh (1995)

ElectricityÑconsumption per capita: 6,155 kWh (1995)

AgricultureÑproducts: dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy
products; fish

Exports:
total value: $33.2 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities: crude oil 66%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
partners: Japan 38%, South Korea 7%, Singapore 7%, India 6%, Oman 4%, Iran
3% (1996)

Imports:
total value: $23.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment,
chemicals, food
partners: US 10%, Japan 9%, UK 8%, Italy 6%, South Korea 6%, India 6% (1996)

DebtÑexternal: $14 billion (1996 est.)

Economic aid: $NA

Currency: 1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils

Exchange rates: Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1Ñ3.6710 (fixed rate)

Fiscal year: calendar year

                               Communications


Telephones: 677,793 (1993 est.)

Telephone system: modern system consisting of microwave radio relay and
coaxial cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai
domestic: microwave radio relay and coaxial cable
international: satellite earth stationsÑ3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2
Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and
Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi
Arabia

Radio broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 3, shortwave 0

Radios: 545,000 (1992 est.)

Television broadcast stations: 12

Televisions: 170,000 (1993 est.)

                               Transportation


Railways: 0 km

Highways:
total: 4,835 km
paved: 4,835 km
unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)

Pipelines: crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870
km

Ports and harbors: 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina'
Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Umm al
Qaywayn

Merchant marine:
total: 67 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 945,320 GRT/1,592,164 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 18, chemical tanker 3, container 7, liquefied
gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 27, refrigerated cargo 1,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 6 (1997 est.)

Airports: 40 (1997 est.)

AirportsÑwith paved runways:
total: 22
over 3,047 m: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 4 (1997 est.)

AirportsÑwith unpaved runways:
total: 18
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 5 (1997 est.)

Heliports: 2 (1997 est.)

                                  Military


Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary (includes Federal
Police Force)

Military manpowerÑmilitary age: 18 years of age

Military manpowerÑavailability:
males age 15-49: 791,770 (1998 est.)
note: includes non-nationals

Military manpowerÑfit for military service:
males: 425,373 (1998 est.)

Military manpowerÑreaching military age annually:
males: 22,040 (1998 est.)

Military expendituresÑdollar figure: $1.59 billion (1994)

Military expendituresÑpercent of GDP: 4.3% (1994)

                            Transnational Issues


DisputesÑinternational: location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is
not final, de facto boundary reflects 1974 agreement; no defined boundary
with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far north; claims two islands
in the Persian Gulf occupied by Iran: Lesser Tunb (called Tunb as Sughra in
Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran) and Greater
Tunb (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in
Persian by Iran); claims island in the Persian Gulf jointly administered
with Iran (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in
Persian by Iran)Ñover which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control
since 1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the
island; the UAE has garnered significant diplomatic support in the region in
protesting these Iranian actions

Illicit drugs: growing role as heroin transshipment and money-laundering
center due to its proximity to southwest Asian producing countries and the
bustling free trade zone in Dubai