19940901.0917
Copyright 1994 by Interduct, Delft, The Netherlands
Editor/production: Ivo Bouwmans (Bouwmans@Interduct.TUDelft.NL)

More information on this Directory:
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This file contains:
* The E&E Directory
   air
   energy
   misc
   soil
   waste
   water
* Abbreviations

(Phone numbers are given as extensions. 
 From outside the TU Delft dial +31 (0) 15 78.... .)

=====

air/1

Chemical Reactions in Plumes of Large Point Sources; a Submodule for a Regional or Global Scale Air Quality model

Keywords:
atmospheric chemistry; turbulence; plume; large-eddy simulation; large-scale air quality model

The influence of turbulence on the dispersion of chemically reactive pollutants is investigated using Large-Eddy Simulation. The outcome of this study will be used to construct a model for a chemically reactive plume, which will be incorporated as subgrid
 model in a large-scale air quality model.

Date:	19930301
End date:	19970301

* Additional information:
Subproject of EUROTRAC, which is a European Program involving tropospheric research; cooperation with Utrecht University (IMAU).

* Group:
MME/Fluid Dynamics
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
Interduct

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. F.T.M. Nieuwstadt (1005)
* Contact:
Ir. J.P. Meeder (2148)
* Email:
J.Meeder@WbMt.TUDelft.NL

=====

air/2

Practical short-range atmospheric dispersion model

Keywords:
atmospheric dispersion; plume model; air quality

Within the context of a European intercomparison study, several practical short-range atmospheric dispersion models are evaluated and compared. It is the aim to get information on how the results of these models, which are used for regulatory purposes in 
various European countries, may be compared. This may lead to a more uniform application of air pollution models in the European Union.

Date:	19940516
End date:	19960801

* Group:
INT; MME/Fluid Dynamics

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. F.T.M. Nieuwstadt (1005); Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. I. Bouwmans (7239)
* Email:
Bouwmans@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

air/3

Catalyst development for NOx removal from diesel exhaust

Keywords:
catalyst; denox (SCR); diesel; zeolite

This project aims at the development of a zeolite catalyst which can be used over a wide temperature range (300-550 C) for denoxing diesel engine exhaust gases. Various metals are brought onto different zeolites (Mordenite, ZSM-5) using an ion exchange me
thod with e.g. the cations Cu2+, Fe3+, Ce2+. Some highly active mordenite catalysts have already been found. The cerium mordenite catalyst can be operated with excess NH3 without NH3-slip; the excess is converted into N2. The reaction mechanisms occurring
 in the NOx reduction process are under investigation.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19950831

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by Delft University of Technology and VROM.

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Reactor Engineering/Organic Chemistry and Catalysts

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390); Prof.dr.ir. H. van Bekkum
* Contact:
E. Ito MSc (6733)

=====

air/4

Evaluaton of processes for CFC destruction

Keywords:
CFC destruction; process evaluation

An economic, technical and environmental evaluation has been performed for 6 selected processes for the destruction or conversion of CFCs. The CFCs orginate mainly from domestic and commercial cooling machines. In a previous study the capacity needed for 
CFC destruction in the next decades has been investigated on a national scale.

Date:	19940615
End date:	19940701

* Additional information:
The study is financed by the "Beek" commission. This study is part of a larger project of Delft University of Technology, largely sponsored by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, and Akzo Nobel Chemicals.

* Group:
INT
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CTMS/Chemical Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. R.M. Stikkelman (7236)
* Email:
Stikkelman@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

air/5

Formation of nitrogen oxides in pressurized fluidized bed combustion of coal

Keywords:
coal; pressurized fluidized bed combustion; NOx

The influence of operating conditions on the emission of nitrogen species (NO, NO2, N2O) is determined using a coal burning 1.5 MWth pilot-scale pressurized fluidized bed combustor. The experimental results are used to validate a model describing the form
ation and destruction of nitrogen species in fluidized bed combustion of coal.

Date:	19940613
End date:	19961231

* Additional information:
Project partly financed by ECSC coal upgrading programme; Cooperation with INETI-Portugal.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.Dr.-Ing. K.R.G. Hein (2186)
* Contact:
Drs. J. Andries (5410)
* Email:
andries@dutw6.tudelft.nl

=====

air/6

Reduction of solid emissions by cyclones

Keywords:
cyclone; separation; efficiency; CFD

Cyclones are widely used for separating solids from gas streams. Such streams are often released directly into the open air; sometimes they first pass a turbine (energy recovery). The separation efficiency and the pressure drop are usually estimated by me
ans of strongly simplified, empirical models. The research is aimed at developing and improving models and further comprises experiments in model cyclones.

Date:	19940606
End date:	19981201

* Group:
AP/Kramers Laboratorium voor Fysische Technologie

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. H.E.A. van den Akker (5000)
* Contact:
Prof.dr.ir. H.E.A. van den Akker (5000)

=====

air/7

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx from diesel exhaust gases

Keywords:
denox; diesel; SCR

A catalytic NOx reducing process is developed to be used as an after treatment step for cleaning diesel engine off-gases. Stationary engines are the primary goal, because here the NOx concentration is likewise approximately stationary, and the off-gas can
 be well treated. Zeolite based catalysts are applied and tested for their activity and stability and their influence on the formation of NO from NH3 and the formation of SO3 particulates from SO2. Urea injection is applied as the source of reducing agent
..

Date:	19940525
End date:	19950831

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by VROM; Stork-Wartsila Diesel B.V.

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Ir. R.J. Hultermans (6733); Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Email:
ronald@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl

=====

air/8

Aerobic degradation of organic sulphides

Keywords:
dimethyl sulphide; DMS; sulphide

Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) is a degradation product of dimethyl sulphopropionate (DMSP) which is present in most marine algae. Most DMS is broken down by bacteria in seawater, but some escapes into the atmosphere where it plays a role in cloud formation, and
 thus in climatic regulation. However, bacteria able to oxidize organic sulphides are insufficiently understood. The main subject of this project is thus to investigate the metabolism of organic sulphides in marine isolates, especially under the types of 
conditions to be found in algal mats, and to construct a model to decribe carbon and sulphur fluxes in marine systems.

Date:	19920401
End date:	19960401

* Additional information:
This project is part of a nation-wide investigation sponsored by NWO under the title "Verstoring van Aardsystemen)". Groups at the Universities of Amsterdam, Nijmegen and Wageningen are also involved.

* Group:
BSDL/Environmental Biotechnology (Microbiology)

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.G. Kuenen
* Contact:
Ir. J.M.M. de Zwart (2410); Dr. L.A. Robertson (2421)
* Email:
ROBERTSON@TUDSV1.TUDELFT.NL

=====

air/9

The influence of air staging on NOx/SOx emissions in Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of coal

Keywords:
fluidization; emission; combustion; coal

Experimental and theoretical work on the influence of staged combustion in a Circulating Fluidized Bed reactor on interactions between SOx and NOx emissions. The work aims at understanding the mechanisms which cause these interrelations from simulating CF
BC process conditions and bed materials in a laboratory scale CFB reactor, and the subsequent development of a mathematical model which can adequately describe these phenomena. The model is to be used for an optimal design of the staging process with resp
ect to emissions.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19950430

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by European Communities (JOULE II); cooperation with Cerchar (France), Electricite de France and INETI (Portugal).

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
MME

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Ir. R. Korbee (4342); Dr.ir. J.C. Schouten (4399)
* Email:
korbee@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl; schouten@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl

=====

air/10

SOx/NOx interactions in Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal

Keywords:
fluidization; emission; combustion; coal

Experimental and theoretical work on interactions between SOx and NOx emissions during fluidized bed combustion of coal. The work aims at understanding the mechanisms which cause these interrelations from simulating FBC process conditions and bed material
s in fixed bed equipment, and the subsequent development of a mathematical model which can adequately describe these phenomena. The model is validated by actual FBC data and can be used for SOx/NOx emission optimization purposes.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19950430

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by Stichting Technische Wetenschappen and European Communities (JOULE II); cooperation with Technical University of Denmark and Chalmers University (Sweden).

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
MME

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Email:
c.m.vandenbleek@stm.tudelft.nl

=====

air/11

Pressurized combustion of very low calorific CO2-rich fuel gas

Keywords:
pressurized combustion; CO2; fluidized bed gasification

The influence of fuel gas composition and dust loading on the burn-out, the exit temperature and harmfull gaseous components of a pressurized combustor burning a CO2-rich fuel gas produced by a pressurized fluidized bed coal gasifier is determined experim
entally using a 1.5 MWth pilot-scale test rig.

Date:	19940613
End date:	19951231

* Additional information:
Project partly financed by EU JOULE 2 programme; Cooperation with DMT-Germany, RWTH-Germany, University of Surrey-England, University of Trente-Italy, University of Ulster-England.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.Dr.-Ing. K.R.G. Hein (2186)
* Contact:
Drs. J. Andries (5410)
* Email:
andries@dutw6.tudelft.nl

=====

air/12

Dustproof, low pressure drop reactors: the Bead String Reactor

Keywords:
reactor; low pressure drop; flue gas; emission; denox

A new type of reactor is developed to be applied as an end-of-pipe solution for flue gas treatment. As a final part of a chemical production process, such a reactor needs to be dustproof and offer a low pressure drop. The Bead String Reactor (BSR) feature
s a voidage fraction between 10 and 100%, combined with effective mass and heat transfer. Kinetic and hydrodynamic studies are performed to understand and predict BSR behavior. This will be compared to other low pressure drop alternatives, such as the Hon
eycomb or Parallel Passage reactor.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19950930

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by Stichting Scheikundig Onderzoek Nederland and Koninklijke/Shell-Laboratorium Amsterdam; cooperation with Koninklijke/Shell- Laboratorium Amsterdam, Technical University of Budapest and KTH Stockholm.

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Ir. H.P.A. Calis (2635); Dr.ir. A.W. Gerritsen (4349)
* Email:
hpcalis@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl; gerritsen@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl

=====

air/13

Interconnected Fluidized Bed Technology, for Regenerative Desulfurization during Fluidized Bed Combustion of coal and during coal gasification

Keywords:
regenerative desulfurization; emission; combustion; gasification

An Interconnected Fluidized Bed system is developed for regenerative desulfurization in coal combustion and coal gasification processes. Regenerative sorbent materials for SO2 or H2S removal can reduce solid waste streams by a factor of 20-100. Low veloci
ty solids transport systems are needed in order to minimize (costly) sorbent attrition losses. The IFB system features "gentle" sorbent transport at high solids fluxes, and is a very compact system. This work focusses on proving the IFB technology in a ho
t pilot plant, applied to both coal combustion (FBC) and gasification, and extending the knowledge obtained from small cold IFB facilities.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19961031

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by European Communities (JOULE II) and Delft University of Technology (Commission Beek); cooperation with Universite' de Technologie de Compie`gne

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
MME, IRI

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Ir. O.C. Snip (4753); Dr.ir. J.C. Schouten (4399)
* Email:
snip@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl; schouten@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl

=====

air/14

Inorganic air pollution and source identification via biomonitoring

Keywords:
trace elements; biomonitoring; lichens; factor analysis; INAA

Biomonitoring has been applied to assess trace element composition of aerosols and air particulate matter, to determine the geographical distribution and to identify sources of air pollution. Analyses have been done using lichens as a biomonitor, INAA as 
analytical technique and factor analysis to structurize the resulting data set.

Date:	19860101
End date:	20000101

* Additional information:
A new program is in design to be focussed on the eventual use of other biomonitors, aspects of dry and wet deposition, trace element distribution aspects in air filters and sampling strategies.

* Group:
IRI

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij (6171/6713)
* Contact:
Dr. H.Th. Wolterbeek (7053)
* Email:
WOLTERBEE@IRIVAX.TUDELFT.NL

=====

air/15

Biomonitoring of inorganic air pollution

Keywords:
trace elements; lichens; activation analysis; factor analysis; source identification

Biomonitoring is applied to assess the degree of air pollution in the Netherlands, Czech Republic and Portugal. Lichens are used as biomonitors. Various analytical techniques including instrumental neutron activation analyses are applied to determine the 
concentrations of up to 30-40 elements in the in situ collected sample material. The method of factor analysis is used to evaluate the obtained data sets in terms of element-profiles and possible locations of pollutant emission sources.

Date:	19860101
End date:	20000101

* Additional information:
Cooperation with Faculty of Nuclear Sciences & Physical Engineering, Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic and Institute for Nuclear Science and Engineering, Sacavem, Portugal. Portugal related part of the project is co-funded by International Atom
ic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria.

* Group:
IRI/Radiochemistry

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij (6171/6713)
* Contact:
Dr. H.Th. Wolterbeek (7053)
* Email:
WOLTERBEE@IRIVAX.TUDELFT.NL

=====

air/16

Metal emission from metal catalysts

Keywords:
volatilization; radiotracers; quantification; automobile; diesel

Many gas reaction catalysts contain metal(s) as active component. Some of this catalyst are prone to loss of the metal component by volatilization. Metal containing species are carried away by gas (air) and can eventually reach the environment. A radiotra
cer technique for the quantification of metal loss rate in laboratory systems has been developed and is currently tested. Application to diesel soot oxidation catalysis is imminent.

Date:	19921201
End date:	As yet none

* Group:
IRI/Radiochemistry*
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Industrial Catalysis**

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij* (6171); Prof.dr. J.A. Moulijn** (6725)
* Contact:
Ir. Z.I. Kolar* (6619)
* Email:
KOLAR@IRIVAX.TUDELFT.NL

=====

energy/1

Airfoil characteristics of rotating wind turbine blades

Keywords:
aerodynamics; wind turbine; rotor blade; airfoil characteristics; measurements

To investigate the 3D and rotational effects on airfoil characteristics of wind turbine blades pressure measurements are carried out on a 10 m diameter rotor blade. Flow visualization techniques give additional information used for the interpretation of t
he results. These are used for validation of theoretical models and for further design of engineering methods for wind turbine rotors.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19950701

* Additional information:
The project is financed partly by E.C. (JOULE 2+ project, Dynamic Stall and 3D Effects). Contribution of experimental data to IEA database Field Aerodynamics. Cooperation with ECN (Petten), and NREL (Golden, USA).

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Ir. A. Bruining (5167)
* Email:
a.bruining@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/2

Wake structure of a wind turbine

Keywords:
aerodynamics; wind turbine; rotor wake; wind tunnel model

The properties of the wake of a model wind turbine are determined experimentally for various conditions and configurations. Emphasis on circulation distribution over the blades in rotating situation.

Date:	19940519
End date:	19961231

* Additional information:
Internally financed fundamental research, with participation in project JOUR-0083 of the EU JOULE program.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
AE

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Ir. L.J. Vermeer (5166)
* Email:
n.vermeer@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/3

Airfoil design and testing of wind turbine dedicated airfoils

Keywords:
aerodynamics; wind turbine; airfoils; wind tunnel tests

For different parts of a wind turbine rotor blade different airfoil performance characteristics are required. Alternatives for still widely used general aviation airfoils have been and are being designed and wind tunnel tested. Emphasis is put on stall re
gulated rotors

Date:	19940101
End date:	19950601

* Additional information:
Partly internally financed fundamental research, with financial participation of Eu.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
AE

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Ir. W.A. Timmer (1093)

=====

energy/4

Introduction of Energy Saving Systems in Architectural Heritage, interaction with the restoration process of buildings

Keywords:
architectural restoration; energy saving systems; monuments

Integration of Energy Saving Systems -active and passive systems- in architectural heritage. Interaction of these systems with the restoration of existing architectural features, introduction of new materials, and re-design of spatial structure. Analysis 
of adequate Energy Saving Systems in relation to the architectural and historical value of the building. Focus on buildings from 1850-1940 in the Netherlands.

Date:	19940115
End date:	19971015

* Additional information:
Project financed by the Institute for Scientific Research of Portugal (Junta Nacional de Investigacao Cientifica e Technologica).

* Group:
AUPH/Architecture/Restoration
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
AUPH/Building Technology

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. F.W. van Voorden (1004)
* Contact:
Arch. A. Guimaraes (5481)
* Email:
A.Guimaraes@wgrest.bk.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/5

The IEA-CFBC Model for Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal

Keywords:
CFB(C); modeling; coal; combustion

This work focusses on the development of an overall model which describes the processes taking place in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor. The model includes the reactors hydrodynamic behavior, reactions involved with coal combustion, emissions and su
lfur dioxide removal, heat transfer, etcetera. The model is developed in close cooperation with an international group of 15 countries, who work together on mathematical modeling of Fluidized Beds Combustors in the framework of the International Energy Ag
ency. The modular structure of the model allows continous improvement.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19951031

* Additional information:
Project supported by DUT fellowship committee, Stichting Technische Wetenschappen and RWTH Aachen (Germany); cooperation with 15 countries in IEA framework.

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Dipl.-Ing. J.P. Hannes (+49 241 80 70 98); Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Email:
hannes@wuek.rwth-aachen.de; c.m.vandenbleek@stm.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/6

Co-combustion of biomass and coal in a pressurized fluidized bed combustor

Keywords:
coal; biomass; straw; miscanthus; pressurized fluidized bed combustion

The influence of co-combustion of coal and biomass (straw and miscanthus sinensis) on emissions and operability is determined using a 1.5 MWth pilot-scale pressurized fluidized bed combustor.

Date:	19940613
End date:	19941231

* Additional information:
Project partly financed by EU APAS Clean Coal programme; Cooperation with ECN, ELSAM- Denmark, University of Stuttgart-Germany.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.Dr.-Ing. K.R.G. Hein (2186)
* Contact:
Drs. J. Andries (5410)
* Email:
andries@dutw6.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/7

Pressurized fluidized bed gasification of coal using flue gas recirculation and oxygen injection

Keywords:
coal gasification; CO2; fluidized bed

The technical feasibility of pressurized fluidized bed gasification of coal using flue gas recirculation and oxygen injection followed by a pressurized oxygen-fuel gas combustor is evaluated experimentally using a 1.5 MWth pilot-scale test facility. This 
coal conversion process results in a CO2-rich flue gas which facilitates CO2 removal. Carbon conversion, in-bed desulphurization and the formation of nitrogen species are determined as a function of operating conditions.

Date:	19940613
End date:	19951231

* Additional information:
Project partly financed by EU JOULE 2 programme; Cooperation with DMT-Germany, RWTH-Germany, University of Surrey-England, University of Trente-Italy, University of Ulster-England.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.Dr.-Ing. K.R.G. Hein (2186)
* Contact:
Drs. J. Andries (5410)
* Email:
andries@dutw6.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/8

Integration of high temperature pollutant control systems for fluidized bed coal gasifiers

Keywords:
coal gasification; gas cleaning; alkalies; desulphurization

The combined effect of high temperature particulate removal, ammonia destruction and desulphurization is evaluated experimentally in a slip-stream of a 1.5 MWth pressurized fluidized bed gasifier.

Date:	19940613
End date:	19961231

* Additional information:
Project partly financed by EU JOULE 2 extension programme; Cooperation with Technical University of Denmark, University of Lund-Sweden, University of Tampere-Finland, Imatran Voima Oy-Finland.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Thermal Power Engineering
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.Dr.-Ing. K.R.G. Hein (2186)
* Contact:
Drs. J. Andries (5410)
* Email:
andries@dutw6.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/9

Combustion of natural gas in a fluidized bed of iron oxides

Keywords:
combustion; natural gas; fluidization; iron; emission

The combustion behaviour of natural gas in a 100 mm diameter fluid bed pyrohydrolyzer containing coarse iron oxide particles (0.5-2.0 mm) is being investigated. The investigation into the effect of feeding water, hydrogen chloride solutions, ferrous chlor
ide solutions and metal chloride slurries on stoichiometric combustion of natural gas is essential for modifying pyrohydrolysis, a lixiviant regeneration process, into a metal separation process.

Date:	19910815
End date:	19950815

* Additional information:
This project is financially supported by TNO- Environment and Energy Research in Apeldoorn.

* Group:
MPE

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. G. Van Weert (1606)
* Contact:
Ir. E.M.L. Peek (1545)
* Email:
ard2@dutmgf1.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/10

Feasibility and development of extractive crystallization as an energy-saving alternative for evaporative crystallization

Keywords:
crystallization; extraction; energy; salt

For the production of easily soluble salts which have only a slight dependency of their solubility on temperature, evaporative crystallization is a widely applied technique. This technique is, however, rather energy consuming; in the Netherlands alone app
roximately 15 PJ is spent yearly for NaCl and Na2CO3 production. Extractive Crystallization (EXC) is an alternative to evaporative crystallization. In EXC the driving force for crystallization is created by the addition of extractant to the solvent (usual
ly water). The additive is chosen in such a way that it binds strongly to water at crystallization temperature but separates from water at another temperature (regeneration temperature).

Date:	19930101
End date:	19970101

* Additional information:
Delft University of Technology, Laboratory for Process Equipment and AKZO research centre Hengelo are working together on extractive crystallization. The project is sponsored by NOVEM, AKZO and Delft University (OSPT, research school process technology).

* Group:
CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. G.M. van Rosmalen (Ms) (3852)
* Contact:
Dr. G.J. Witkamp (3602)
* Email:
witkamp@dutw110.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/11

Optimisation of heat treatment in Aluminium extrusion processing

Keywords:
energy consumption; heat treatment; aluminium alloys; extrusion

To make cast aluminium alloys ameanable for extrusion the cast billet has to be heat treated. Project aims at designing heat treatments which minimise energy consumption but still yield the required microstructure.

Date:	19940301
End date:	19990228

* Additional information:
Project in collaboration with several aluminium producing companies.

* Group:
CTMS/Thermal Processing Technology
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. S. van der Zwaag (2248)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. P. van Mourik (1079)

=====

energy/12

Integration of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell in a phosphorus production plant

Keywords:
energy conservation; fuel cell; MCFC; phosphorus production; process integration; emission reduction

At Hoechst Holland N.V., Flushing, phosphorus is produced using an electrothermal process. This plant produces a large volume of low caloric furnace off-gas, 70% of which is used as a fuel gas. The remainder is flared. Main goal of the project is to deter
mine if MCFC technology provides an option for off-gas conversion to electricity, thus improving the environmental performance of the process. A conceptual process design will be developed, followed by a detailed techno-economic evaluation. Integration of
 heat and process flows of the fuel cell system with other processes on site is included in the study to further enhance the energy efficiency.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19950331

* Additional information:
The project is a co-operation between INT and CTMS (section process integration/process control) and Hoechst. Main financer is Novem, Utrecht, with contributions of TUD and Hoechst.

* Group:
INT, CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341); Prof.ir. J. Grievink (7315)
* Contact:
Ir. J.N. Schinkel (4532)
* Email:
Schinkel@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

energy/13

Energy consumption of container handling

Keywords:
energy; container handling; combined transport; terminal

The project describes all processes of container handling in terminals. Energy consumption in all steps of these processes will be calculated or estimated. Future techniques for container handling are investigated through a technology assessment.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19941231

* Additional information:
The project is financed by Novem.

* Group:
OTB
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CE

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. H. Priemus (3005)
* Contact:
Ir. A. Dijkstra (2174)
* Email:
GDTBOTB@HDETUD2

=====

energy/14

Entropy or exergy as a measure to direct environmental policy making

Keywords:
entropy; exergy; integral substance chain management; processes; policy support; environment

Goal of the study is to determine whether entropy or exergy analysis can be used as an instrument for environmental policy development, in particular for comparison of alternative production chains. Entropy is qualitatively linked with phenomena such as p
ollution and dispersion. In this study it is investigated if this concept can be converted into a reliable tool on which policy decisions can be based. The study is mainly concerned with a qualitative exploration of how the environmental effects of proces
ses can be linked to or expressed in terms of entropy or exergy changes. A preliminary quantitive analysis is made on the basis of two case studies (aluminium and polystyrene).

Date:	19930901
End date:	19940701

* Additional information:
Funding by the Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment.

* Group:
INT
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CTMS/Applied Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J. de Swaan Arons
* Contact:
Ir. G.P.J. Dijkema (4532)
* Email:
Dijkema@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

energy/15

Energy reduction in jetmilling processes

Keywords:
fine grinding; advanced control; air classification

Another name for jetmilling is fluid energy grinding. High velocity air jets transmit energy to particles to be broken. This technique is used to comminute particles down to sizes varying from 40 to 1 micron. In terms of energy jetmilling is very ineffici
ent.

Date:	19921101
End date:	19961101

* Additional information:
Sponsored by WEDCO Holland bv. Plastic processing.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Process Equipment (API)

* Professor:
Prof. Scarlett (3540)
* Contact:
Ir. H.J.C. Gommeren (6648/2785)
* Email:
Gomm@dutw110.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/16

Optimisation of Molten Carbonate fuel cells

Keywords:
fuel cell cathodes; porous electrode modelling; reaction kinetics; alternative materials

Mathematical models are developed to describe and predict the optimal micro structure and operational conditions of porous cathodes, made of NiO and alternative materials. Electrochemical measurements are performed to determine the reaction mechanisms and
 kinetics. Results are used to minimize electrode polarization losses.

Date:	19931201
End date:	19971201

* Additional information:
Commissie Beek TUD 'Optimisation of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells'; Cooperation with Worcester Polytechnique Institute, Massachusetts.

* Group:
CTMS
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
TMI, MME

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.H.W. de Wit
* Contact:
Dr. K. Hemmes
* Email:
Prins-Jansen@STM.TUDelft.NL

=====

energy/17

A linear induction generator for wind turbines

Keywords:
linear induction machine; wind energy

A ring-shaped linear induction generator is to be designed for a wind turbine. The aluminium rotor can be connected to the shaft of the turbine without having to use a gearbox. The research concentrates on a compensating winding that should improve the ef
ficiency of the generator.

Date:	19940704
End date:	19961231

* Additional information:
Project in cooperation with Holec Projects.

* Group:
EE / Power Electronics & Electrical machines

* Professor:
Prof.ir. L. van der Sluis (5782)
* Contact:
Ir. M. Rondel (5796)
* Email:
M.Rondel@ET.TUDelft.NL

=====

energy/18

Basic research on MCFC Corrosion and Improved Current Density

Keywords:
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell; melt chemistry

TU Delft task is to determine physical and chemical properties of the melt such as solubilities, equilibrium concentrations and diffusion constants.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19960101

* Additional information:
This research is performed in cooperation with KTH (Stockholm), University of Technology Denmark and coordinator ECN (Petten NL) and supported by the EC (PROJECT NR: JOU2-CT93-0286).

* Group:
CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.H.W. de Wit (2196)
* Contact:
Dr. K. Hemmes (2550)
* Email:
Hemmes@STM.TUDelft.NL

=====

energy/19

Downhole separation

Keywords:
oil-water separation; droplet break-up; well bore; porous medium

In the oil industry it is not uncommon that during oil production also water is produced. Normally the necessary separation of oil and water is carried out above ground. The aim of the project is to determine the characteristics of the oil-water mixture a
s present in the well bore, in order to assess the possibilities of separation of oil and water downhole. Separation in the well bore has two important advantages: (i) the separation process is simpler and (ii) there are possibilities to inject the purifi
ed water in an underground formation.

Date:	19940815
End date:	19980815

* Additional information:
The project is carried out in co-operation with the Koninklijke/Shell Exploration and Production Laboratory, Rijswijk.

* Group:
MPE/Petroleum Engineering, Centre of Technical Geoscience

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. W.M.G.T. van den Broek (6065)

=====

energy/20

High speed permanent magnet generator for hybrid vehicles

Keywords:
permanent magnet generator; rectifier; damper; losses; hybrid vehicle

Electric and hybrid cars are intended to decrease pollution, especially in urban regions. In a series hybrid drive system, the accumulator is loaded by a generator unit, consisting of a combustion engine (e.g. a gas turbine), a generator, and a converter.
 The subject of our research is the optimization of the combination of generator with converter, in our case a permanent magnet generator with a controlled rectifier. Much attention is paid to the efficiency of the system, the losses in the permanent magn
ets, and the effect of the use of a damper.

Date:	19940705
End date:	19960930

* Additional information:
The project is financed by NOVEM. There is a cooperation with Eindhoven University of Technology, where high speed permanent magnet generators for applications in total energy units are developed.

* Group:
EE / Power Electronics and Electrical Machines

* Professor:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. W. Deleroi (1898)
* Contact:
Ir. H. Polinder (1844)
* Email:
H.Polinder@Et.TUDelft.NL

=====

energy/21

FOCUS, Fatigue Optimization Code Using Simulation

Keywords:
rotor blade design; fatigue; stochastic wind fields; wind loads

A computer code is written to cover the complete calculational traject from stochastic wind field, through rotor blade loads to the fatigue damage of the wind turbine blade. A fast iteration procedure and a user interface enable the user to perform an opt
imization of the blade with respect to fatigue damage.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19950101

* Additional information:
External cooperation with Stork Product Engineering, Amsterdam. Computer code is used by Dutch wind turbine blade manufacturers. Support is provided through the Institute for Wind Energy. Project is partly financed by NOVEM (Dutch government).

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Steel and Timber Structures

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Ir. R.V. Rodenburg (2073)
* Email:
r.rodenburg@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/22

Sedimentation in Reservoirs

Keywords:
sediment transport; morphology; turbidity currents; numerical modelling; hydropower

Hydropower reservoirs lose their storage capacity due to inflow of riverine sediments. This process seriously affects the reliability and the life of these reservoirs. In this study mathematical and numerical models are developed to simulate hydraulic and
 morphological processes in a reservoir, emphasizing on the occurrence of turbidity currents. This type of density underflow can be used beneficially to carry sediments through the reservoir to sluice them out at the dam without settling.

Date:	19901001
End date:	19950401

* Additional information:
This research is carried out in cooperation with Delft Hydraulics.

* Group:
CE/Hydraulic Engineering/Rivers

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M. de Vries (1541)
* Contact:
Ir. C.J. Sloff (5438)
* Email:
sloff@dutcvs5.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/23

Stochastic wind field simulation

Keywords:
stochastic wind fields; turbulence; fatigue; stochastic simulation

In order to design wind turbines one has to consider ultimate and fatigue loads. The latter are due to, among other things, turbulence. In order to evaluate the fatigue loads by means of simulation codes for wind turbines, one has to know the wind field. 
The research is aimed at implementation of different possibilities to generate stochastic wind fields in computer codes and to evaluate the most convenient one for fatigue calcultions. Furthermore it is investigated if the choice of the wind spectrum and 
coherence function influences the calculated life time of a wind turbine considerably.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19950101

* Additional information:
Funding is asked at NOVEM.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Ir. W. Bierbooms (2073)
* Email:
w.bierbooms@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/24

Synchronous machine with rectifier

Keywords:
synchronous machine; rectifier; wind energy

The realization and verification of a model of a synchronous machine with rectifier, especially for wind turbines.

Date:	19940704
End date:	-

* Group:
EE / Power Electronics & Electrical machines
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
MME

* Professor:
Prof.ir. L. van der Sluis (5782)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. M.J. Hoeijmakers
* Email:
M.J.Hoeijmakers@ET.TUDelft.NL

=====

energy/25

Connecting a wind driven induction generator onto the grid

Keywords:
thyristor switch; 68332 microcontroller; arbitrary acceleration; remainder flux; wind turbine

A microprocessor controlled thyristor switch is developed for the switching onto the grid of an asynchronous generator used in wind turbines. A new time function for the firing angle of the thyristors is developed. It is possible to switch any asynchronou
s generator onto the grid under any wind force circumstances or electrical circumstances. The switching current peaks are limited to +/-2In and the torque peaks are limited to Tw+20%. Tw is the shaft torque caused by the wind. The acceleration can be arbi
trary (1-500rpm/s). And it is possible to re-switch the generator onto the grid when there is still a remainder flux in the induction machine.

Date:	19940704
End date:	19960101

* Additional information:
Project is done in co-operation with the company Holec Projects from Hengelo.

* Group:
EE/Power Electronics and Electrical machines

* Professor:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. W. Deleroi (1898)
* Contact:
Ir. J.B. Woudstra (5793)

=====

energy/26

Parameter-identification of semi-empirical methods for unsteady aerodynamics

Keywords:
unsteady aerodynamics; parameter-identification; wind tunnel tests

Unsteady profile aerodynamics is the phenomenon that fast changes in the angle of attack result in a hysteresis loop for the lift coefficient. One of the semi-empirical methods to deal with this effect has been developped by the French institute ONERA. In
 this method the lift is described by a set of differential equations with some coefficients which depend on the particular aerofoil. At the Institute for Wind Energy the method is adapted for use for wind turbines. By means of wind tunnel measurements th
e necessary coefficients will be determined for some typical aerofoils for wind turbines.

Date:	19940601
End date:	19960101

* Additional information:
The results of this project will be relevant for the international project 'Dynamic Stall and 3D effects', which is funded by the EU.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
MME/Systems and Control group

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Ir. W. Bierbooms (2073)
* Email:
w.bierbooms@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/27

Offshore Wind Turbines Overall Dynamics

Keywords:
wind energy; offshore; structural dynamics; simulation

The development of computational tools for the design of reliable and cost-effective offshore wind turbines is the main goal of this project. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of the structural dynamics and the aeroelastic and hydrodynamic beha
viour of the total system under operational, extreme and fatigue conditions.

Date:	19931001
End date:	19970930

* Additional information:
external cooperation: Institut fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, TU Berlin.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
MME/Measurement and Control Group; CE/WOT

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Dipl.-Ing. M. Kuehn (2073)
* Email:
m.kuehn@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/28

Modelling and experimental investigation of the 3-dimensional flow around wind turbine blades

Keywords:
wind energy; wind turbine; 2d-3D; flow visualization; Cp-measurements

To predict the power versus wind speed relation for wind turbines accurately the three-dimensional flow around the turbine blades should be studied. In this project three-dimensional effects are experimentally studied with a 10 m diameter wind turbine. Em
perical relations are formulated and theoretical models are validated.

Date:	19940516
End date:	19970301

* Additional information:
International project to investigate the flow around wind turbines.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Ir. G.P. Corten (2097)
* Email:
g.corten@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

energy/29

Calculation of aerodynamic loads on horizontal axis wind turbine rotors

Keywords:
wind turbines, blade loads; rotor aerodynamics; rotor wakes

Aerodynamic loads on windturbine blades together with the complete flow field are calculated under stationary and dynamic inflow conditions. Method of asymptotic acceleration potential theory provides fast and detailed results. Validated for steady flow a
nd several dynamic inflow conditions.

Date:	19940516
End date:	19953112

* Additional information:
Method extended and validated under EU JOULE and JOULE2 "Dynamic Inflow" projects in cooperation with ECN NL, TU Denmark, Lyngby DK, Uni Stuttgart DE, NTUA Athens GE, Garrad Hassan Bristol UK, FFA Stockholm SE.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Structures/Institute for Wind Energy

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.B. Dragt (5170/5347)
* Contact:
Drs. G.J.W. van Bussel (5178)
* Email:
g.van.bussel@ct.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/1

Aspects of biofilm formation

Keywords:
biofilms; airlift reactors

This research focuses on the dynamics of biofilm development from single attached cells via micro colonies to complete biofilms surrounding the carrier particles in airlift reactors. It requires finding ways to describe, understand and measure the spatial
 development and mechanical strength of the biofilm in combination with susceptibility to erosion and sloughing, and how these are influenced by carrier characteristics, type of micro-organism, surface loading, and the hydrodynamics of the system.

Date:	199002
End date:	199502

* Additional information:
Sponsored by Speerpuntprogramma Integraal Waterbeheer.

* Group:
BSDL/EB

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J. Heijnen (2341)
* Contact:
Ir. A. Gjaltema (5123)

=====

misc/2

Development of environmentally friendly methods in organic chemicals manufacture

Keywords:
catalysis; clean technology; waste reduction; chemicals; renewables



Date:	19940526
End date:	

* Additional information:
Financed by IOP Catalysis, IOP Carbohydrates, STW, Industry.

* Group:
CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. H. van Bekkum; Prof.dr. R.A. Sheldon
* Contact:
M.A.A. van der Kooij-van Leeuwen (Ms) (2683)

=====

misc/3

Zeolites grown on a carrier; ZSR (Zeolite-covered Screen Reactor)

Keywords:
catalyst; zeolite; pressure drop; denox (SCR)

Zeolites grown on a carrier are proposed as a new catalytic system. Such a system combines the advantages of zeolite-based catalysts with a high degree of utilization of the catalytic sites and the possibility of structuring the way in which the catalyst 
is placed in the reactor. The latter allows for a very low pressure drop accross the catalytic reactor. Zeolites are e.g. grown on stainless steel wire gauze, which can be easily shaped into any desirable form, and may simultaneously serve the purpose of 
heat carrier (exothermic processes). In testing the system, selective catalytic reduction of NOx is chosen as a first model reaction.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19970930

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by Koninklijke/Shell-Laboratorium Amsterdam; cooperation in NIOK.

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Reactor Engineering/Organic Chemistry and Catalysts

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. H. van Bekkum (2603); Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Ir. O.L. Oudshoorn (2129); Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Email:
otto@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/4

Multi-Circulating Fluidized Bed (MCFB): Advanced cycles - modeling the superheater of MCFB

Keywords:
CFB(C); alkali metals; modeling; combustion

An advanced concept for Fluidized Bed Combustion was developed by Aalborg Ciserv International A/S, which has an improved fuel flexibility over more conventional boilers. This work studies the hydrodynamics and combustion process in such a combustor, and 
the heat transfer in the superheater. The latter is influenced by deposition of alkali metals on the heat exchanger surface, which will be investigated. Experimental work will be performed on a 20 MW MCFB facility in Arhus, Denmark.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19940930

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by Aalborg Ciserv Int. A/S and European Communities; cooperation with Technical University of Denmark.

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Email:
c.m.vandenbleek@stm.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/5

Design of a policy analysis methodology for integrated chain management

Keywords:
chain management; evaluation, LCA/McKinsey methodology; multi-actor design

Integrated chain management is a new policy intention of the Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment. Two methodologies useful in the context of policy analysis, the environmental life cycle analysis and the McKinsey methodology are eva
luated from the viewpoint of supporting multi-actor policymaking in polarised policy making processes. The relevance and usefulness of the methodologies for many actors was rather low since the methodologies do not deal with conflicts between actors. The 
research is therefore directed at the design of a new methodology that improves the relevancy for the actors at stake and that gives a useful support in polarised policy making processes. The case study selected is the policy for polyvinylchloride.

Date:	19930501
End date:	19970501

* Additional information:
The project is part of the program Integrated chain management of plastics. This program consists of three parts; policy analysis (described above), policy management (SEPA) and technology assessment (PTSS).

* Group:
SEPA/Policy Analysis
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
SEPA/Public Management; PTSS/Technology Assessment

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. W.A.H. Thissen (6607)
* Contact:
Ir. R.M. Bras-Klapwijk (Ms)
* Email:
brasr@sepa.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/6

The cleaning of metal surfaces and its effect on nitriding behaviour

Keywords:
cleaning; metals; surfactants; nitriding

Many steel components receive a nitriding or nitrocarboriding treatment to improve wear and fatigue properties. The nitriding process is strongly affected by traces of cutting and lubrication fluids. Proper cleaning of surfaces with no damage to environme
nt is essential. Requirements for cleaning processes will be specified quantitatively.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19950601

* Additional information:
Project in collaboration with Dutch society of (metal) Heat treatment centers.

* Group:
CTMS/Thermal Processing Technology
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. S. van der Zwaag (2248)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. C.M. Brakman (2197)

=====

misc/7

Fractional Cooling Crystallization

Keywords:
crystallization; organic compounds; energy efficient

Fractional cooling crystallization is a technique used for large scale separation and ultrapurification of organic compounds. Because of the high selectivity of crystallization, moderate operating conditions, and relatively low latent heat of fusion, the 
energy consumption of these kind of processes is low. Furthermore, the use and regeneration of toxic or explosive solvent can be avoided. Thus, fractional cooling crystallization can be regarded as a environmentally and economically promising technique fo
r wide industrial applications.

Date:	19940601
End date:	19981201

* Additional information:
The project is financed in the framework of the JOULE program by the EC Commision Subcommittee "Rational use of energy", and the following companies and organizations: NOVEM, TNO-IMET, GMF-Gouda, Amoco Chemical Company, DSM, Cindu Chemicals B.V., and Enic
hem. Cooperated is with the Universities of Bremen, Nijmegen, and Patras.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Process Equipment (API)

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. G.M. van Rosmalen (Ms) (3852)
* Contact:
Ir. P.J. Diepen (3647)

=====

misc/8

Selective Removal of NOx from Gas Engine off-gases for Crop Growth Stimulation

Keywords:
denox; gas engine; greenhouse; SCR

A catalytic process is developed at DUT which removes NOx from the off-gas of a gas engine in a Total Energy (TE) installation, in order to use the cleansed CO2-rich off-gas for the stimulation of crop growth in greenhouses. Previous results using a packe
d bed of urea prills and a SCR catalyst proved succesful. Now studies are focussed at using aqeous urea solutions, involving direct injection into the off-gas stream. Tests with a gas engine at GASTEC (Apeldoorn) show that NOx conversions over 90% can be 
obtained. An advanced process control system is being developed in order to further reduce the extent of ammonia slip.

Date:	19940525
End date:	19980331

* Additional information:
Project sponsored by NOVEM BV, GASTEC NV and INODES BV; cooperation with GASTEC NV and INODES BV.

* Group:
CTMS/Chemical Process Technology/Chemical Reactor Engineering

* Professor:
Prof.ir. C.M. van den Bleek (4390)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. P.M. Lugt (4388); Ir. H.P.A. Calis (2635)
* Email:
lugt@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl; hpcalis@cpt1.stm.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/9

CERES Global Knowledge Network (CERES GKN) Initiative

Keywords:
distributed knowledge bases; CERES network; global information infrastructure; Internet.

CERES is intended to interconnect globally distributed knowledge-bases (in diverse forms and media) using a Global Information Infrastructure such as the existing World Wide Web. Building the interfaces, filters and gateways needed to make the disparate d
ata appear local and browsable in a uniform way is an immediate goal of the CERES GKN project.

Date:	19940501
End date:	19990501

* Additional information:
The CERES GKN initiative has been launched recently by the Concurrent Engineering Research Center (CERC) at West Virginia University, in collaboration with a number of international universities (USA, Japan, Europe). At present, the project is still in it
s definition phase.

* Group:
TMI/Knowledge-based Systems
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
TMI/Databases, INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr. H. Koppelaar (3737)
* Contact:
Prof.dr.ir. E.J.H. Kerckhoffs (1315)
* Email:
eugene@kgs.twi.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/10

Materials and the Environment -- 2-dimensional building materials

Keywords:
environment; health aspects; two-dimensional materials; composition

A pilot project on 2-dimensional building materials involving the composition of a catalogue, the performance of oral and written inquiries in health risks during production and use of 2-D materials and so on, will be completed in 1994.

Date:	19930101
End date:	199412

* Additional information:
The project is financed by Wetenschapswinkel TU-Delft.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Constructions/Materials Science

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. Ch.F. Hendriks (7439)
* Contact:
Ir. F. Veldhuijzen (1719)

=====

misc/11

Material environmental data base

Keywords:
environmental information; LCA; material properties; material selection; design engineering

A database for design engineers has been developed. It consists of three parts: Materials, Processes and Products. It includes physical, mechanical, electrical and environmental data, price information and examples for application. The environmental infor
mation can be transported to other software like Simapro, PIA and EXCEL. There is an option for selection of materials by requirements. Then selected materials can be viewed either by alphabetic order or by environmental impact.

Date:	19940601
End date:	

* Additional information:
In September 1994 the Dutch version will become available. In February 1995 a commercially available version in English will be released.

* Group:
IDE/Environmental Product Development

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.C. Brezet (2120)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. J.A.M. Remmerswaal (5041)
* Email:
J.A.M.Remmerswaal@IO.TUDelft.NL

=====

misc/12

The effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment

Keywords:
Environmental Impact Assessment; experts; public administration

International-comparative research on the effectiveness of EIA, focusing on the role of expert commissions in EIA. In the following four countries research has been conducted: The Netherlands, Hungary, Poland and Canada.

Date:	19900501
End date:	19941201

* Additional information:
Research in Hungary and Poland was funded by the Commission of the EC in the framework of the Tempus program (Tempus JEP 0266 and Tempus JEP 2150 respectively).

* Group:
PTSS/RBA
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CE

* Professor:
Prof.mr. J. Wessel (4066/3565)
* Contact:
Drs. E. Mostert (2345)

=====

misc/13

Technological options for more effective management of primary and secondary resources: fossil resources/petrochemicals

Keywords:
fossil resources; petrochemicals; research themes; process networks; exergy.

Technological bottlenecks in the chemical process industry are identified. Quality degradation of mass and energy has to be minimised in view of effective fossil resource utilisation. Using energy and exergy analysis of production processes and larger sys
tems, losses and degradation phenomena are identified. A network model based on semantic database concepts is developed to describe the industrial production system. The model allows for analysis at various aggregation levels ranging from sectors of the e
conomy to individual processes or unit operations. The aim is to define strategic themes for medium to long-term technological innovation of bottleneck processes.

Date:	19910701
End date:	19950901

* Additional information:
Funding by Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment.

* Group:
INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Ir. G.P.J. Dijkema (4532)
* Email:
Dijkema@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

misc/14

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Large Samples

Keywords:
INAA; heavy metals; large samples

An irradiation and a measurement facility have been constructed for instrumental neutron activation analysis of samples weighing up to 50 kg. Within 1994, the technique will become available for routine use. Applications could be e.g. determination of hea
vy metals in inhomogeneous materials (sludges, household waste, etc.).

Date:	19940401
End date:	19980401

* Group:
IRI/FMR
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij (6171/6713)
* Contact:
Dr. M. Blaauw (3528)
* Email:
Blaauw@IRI.TUDelft.NL

=====

misc/15

Accuracy of Life Cycle Analysis

Keywords:
LCA; product life cycle assessment

As designers want to introduce environmental issues into their design, they will need information about environmental effects of processes and materials used during the life-cycle of a product. Environmental Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a tool that can pr
ovide this information. Since all LCAs are based on many more or less uncertain data the question is raised how accurately an LCA describes the actual environmental load of the life cycle of a product. In my research I would like to find out how good -- o
r bad -- the accuracy actually is, and find a procedure leading to a reliable LCA, with the least amount of work possible.

Date:	19940603
End date:	19970331

* Additional information:
This research is done at the section Environmental Product Design, funded by the faculty of Industrial Design Engineering and the ministries of Environment and Economic Affairs.

* Group:
IDE/New Product Development/Environmental Product Development

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.C. Brezet (2738)
* Contact:
Ir. M. van Hees (2739/2738)
* Email:
m.f.m.vanhees@io.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/16

Material flows in the Dutch economy at meso-level

Keywords:
material flows; energy; chemical process characterisation; I/O analysis; integrated substance chain management

The project's goal is to calculate energy and material flows through the Dutch economy, covering entire production chains, and to study the effects of alternative processes. The calculation method, based upon input/output analysis, is developed by the Net
herlands Central Bureau of Statistics. The project's first phase is aimed at quantification of material flows at meso-level and identification of the processes that are used for transforming the materials. The second phase focusses on systematic descripti
on of the processes and their alternatives. The model is developed to evaluate the effects of process changes throughout the economic system, and thus to avoid adverse effects on process improvements in other parts of the system.

Date:	19940413
End date:	19940915

* Additional information:
Financed by Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Cooperation with the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tebodin, TNO, DHV and VU-IVAM.

* Group:
INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Ir. D.F. Smits (7239); Ir. G.P.J. Dijkema (4532)
* Email:
Smits@interduct.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/17

Technological options for more effective management of primary and secondary resources: mineral resources

Keywords:
mineral resources; energy conservation; waste minimalisation; industrial processes;

Technological bottlenecks hampering efficient utilization of energy and raw materials in the Dutch mineral processing industry are identified. The production chains being studied include production of steel, zinc, aluminium, chlorine, phosphorus, magnesiu
m oxide and cement. Medium and long-term technological solutions will be identified. Research themes, preferably generic ones, will be formulated to improve processes with a view to sustainable economic and ecological development.

Date:	19910701
End date:	19950901

* Additional information:
Funding by Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Related to project 'Technological options for more effective management of primary and secondary resources: fossil resources/petrochemicals'.

* Group:
INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Ir. J.N. Schinkel (4532)
* Email:
Schinkel@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

misc/18

Measurement and study of the behaviour of natural radioactivity in environmental samples

Keywords:
natural radioactivity; decay series of 235U, 238U and 232Th; soil; water; waste

Measurement of various radionuclides from the 238U decay series (particularly 210Pb, 210Po, 226Ra), 235U decay series, and 232Th decay series in basis of their alpha-, beta- and/or gamma radiation. Samples taken from soil, water, industrial waste. Study o
f the behaviour (transport, accumulation) of some radionuclides in the environment.

Date:	19920101
End date:	20000101

* Additional information:
Study of the 226Ra distribution between water and silt in the Rhine estuarine and differentiation as to the natural and industrial sources of 226Ra.

* Group:
IRI

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij (6171/6713)
* Contact:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij (6171/6713)
* Email:
SECR_RC@IRIVAX.TUDELFT.NL.

=====

misc/19

Paint removal by abrasive blasting

Keywords:
paint removal; blasting; abrasive; grit; gas-solid flow

Abrasive blasting is a well-known technique for removing paint, rust and mill scale from (merely) metal surfaces by means of particles accelerated with high pressure air through a nozzle. The research is concerned with the development and validation of ph
ysical models that can predict efficiency of the cleaning process from input parameters such as nozzle geometry, air pressures and material properties.

Date:	19940606
End date:	19971001

* Additional information:
The project is part of the IOP Verf (Innovatiegericht Onderzoeks Project Verf). More information on IOP: Mr. J. de Graaf, Senter, PO box 30732, 2500 GS The Hague.

* Group:
AP/Kramers Laboratorium voor Fysische Technologie

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. H.E.A. van den Akker (5000)
* Contact:
ir. M.G.D. Fokke (7084)
* Email:
michiel@klft.tn.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/20

Plants as biomonitors for fission product 99Tc

Keywords:
99Tc-pertechnetate; plants; accumulation factor; chemical specification

The fission of uranium or other actinides in nuclear reactors leads to the formation of 99Tc. Due to its very long half-life this radionuclide is persistently present in all nuclear wastes. Chemically, Tc can exist in many valence states, but the +7, +4, 
and 0 are the most stable ones. In aerobic environment, the predominant Tc species is the highly mobile pertechnetate, TcO4 ion. The high accumulation factors for Tc in many plants may serve as basis for the development biomonitors for the assessment of i
ts environmental presence. Attention is paid to the chemical forms of technetium in the plants. Moreover, the factors influencing the transfer of 99Tc from soil or water to plant are investigated.

Date:	19931201
End date:	As yet none

* Group:
IRI/Radiochemistry

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij (6171)
* Contact:
Dr. H.Th. Wolterbeek (7053)
* Email:
WOLTERBEE@IRIVAX.TUDELFT.NL

=====

misc/21

Influence of hydrodynamics on precipitation reactions

Keywords:
precipitation; particle size distribution; raw materials; energy

Precipitation reactions are used to produce a large variety of products ranging from medicines to bulk chemicals. In this project a design and scale-up method for precipitation reactions will be developed. With this method precipitation reactions can be o
ptimized to product quality and minimum use of raw materials and energy.

Date:	19940110
End date:	19970110

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Process Equipment (API)

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. G.M. van Rosmalen (Ms)
* Contact:
Ir. M.L.J. van Leeuwen
* Email:
mantijn@dutw110.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/22

Survey and classification of tools for process integration

Keywords:
process integration; tools

The concept of process integration provides options for a better use of energy and raw materials in the process industry. To encourage the application of process integration, particularly by small and medium-sized enterprises, an inventory is being made o
f commercially available tools for process integration. Available tools range from mathematical modelling (e.g., flow sheeting programs), to thermodynamic modelling (pinch technology, exergy analysis), as well as process control and operational procedures
. The study will be concluded with a symposium to effectively disseminate the gathered information.

Date:	19940615
End date:	19940801

* Additional information:
The project is financed by the Dutch Agency for Energy and Environment (Novem) and Interduct.

* Group:
INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. R.M. Stikkelman (7236)
* Email:
Stikkelman@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

misc/23

Service-Products, an approach to sustainability?

Keywords:
product innovation; consumer behaviour; environmental effects; service-products; behaviour change.

The conceptualization of products strongly affects the actual behaviour of people. Within the context of the goals of "sustainable development" (Brundtland, 1987) adaptation of consumer behaviour is necessary in order to reduce the societal environmental 
impact of consumption. Innovative products can play an important role to realise the necessary behaviour change. From theoretical perspective so-called service-products offer alternatives for more environment friendly need fulfillment. In this project som
e new service-products are evaluated with respect to their environmental effects. Besides technical aspects, special interest is laid in the motivational background for shown behaviour change and possibly reduced environmental impact of consumption.

Date:	19930515
End date:	19970515

* Additional information:
Within the project cooperation with the interdepartemental program "Sustainable Technological Development" (DTO), is set up.

* Group:
IDE/New Product Development (B)/Environmental Sciences (MPO)

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.C. Brezet (2738)
* Contact:
R.G. Meijkamp MSc (Eng.) (8035)
* Email:
r.g.meykamp@io.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/24

Microbial leaching of metal sulphides

Keywords:
pyrite; sulphide; acidophile; bacteria; heavy metals

Some of the bacteria that grow in acid environments are able to oxidize metal sulphides (e.g. pyrite), thereby gaining energy for growth. This ability can be used for the removal of pyrite from coal (reducing its sulphur content), and for the leaching of 
metals from ores too poor to merit conventional techniques. Different lines of study follow the bacteria, their enzymology and modes of application in aerobic and anaerobic systems.

Date:	19820101
End date:	19960901 (or later)

* Additional information:
This is a composite of several projects financed by Delft University and the EC. Over the years there has been cooperation with TNO, DMT (Germany), Warren Spring Laboratory (UK), UNiversity of Cagliari (Italy) and others.

* Group:
BSDL/Environmental Biotechnology (Microbiology)
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
BSDL/Environmental Biotechnology (BPT)

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.G. Kuenen (5308)
* Contact:
Dr. P. Bos (2359); Dr. L.A. Robertson (2421)
* Email:
ROBERTSON@TUDSV1.TUDELFT.NL

=====

misc/25

Risk Management of Complex Technological Processes

Keywords:
risk analysis; risk management; accidents; safety; technology assessment; technology dynamics

The creation, impact and management of risks induced by technology are studied. Focus is on the accident causation process in the field of transportation.

Date:	19930108
End date:	19970108

* Additional information:
Project in coordination with University of Leiden (dept. of Public Administration).

* Group:
SPM

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. W.A.H. Thissen (6607)
* Contact:
Ir. A. van Poortvliet (2447)
* Email:
abp@sepa.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/26

Compact separation equipment using sorption by fibers

Keywords:
sorption; countercurrent; fibers; separation; equipment

A novel separation method is being developed for treatment of large volumes of slightly contaminated waste water or air employing sorption on a fiber bed. The application of forced, countercurrent transport of the bed, consisting of fibers with small diam
eters, theoretically allows for a reduction of equipment size by two orders of magnitude, as compared with conventional separation processes.

Date:	19940526
End date:	19970228

* Additional information:
Small polymer fibers with suitable sorption properties have been produced successfully. A pilot scale test unit is currently being constructed. Sponsors/external cooperation: Akzo Polymers and Fibers Division, IWACO B.V., Ministry of Economic Affairs, Sto
rk Friesland B.V., Stork Protech B.V.

* Group:
MME/Laboratory for Process Equipment (API)
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CTMS/INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J. de Graauw (4438); Prof.dr.ir. A.W. Veenman (6651)
* Contact:
Ir. G. van Zee (5498); Ir. A.M. Diederen (5498)
* Email:
gvzee@dutw110.tudelft.nl; amdie@dutw110.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/27

Sustainable persons' transport in big cities

Keywords:
sustainability; people's transport; big cities; technological options; implementation strategies

Explore possible ways (technical as well as societal) to develop and implement sustainable transportsystems in big cities. Life Cycle Analysis as well as actor-network approach.

Date:	19940201
End date:	19980201

* Additional information:
Project financed by the Beek-committee (TU Delft).

* Group:
PTSS/Technology Assessment
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CE/Traffic Science

* Professor:
Prof.dr. Ph.J. Vergragt (3352)
* Contact:
Drs. G.J. Kip (Ms) (5906)
* Email:
DIANE.KIP@WTM.TUDELFT.NL

=====

misc/28

Integrated Chain Management, Plastics and Technology Development

Keywords:
technology assessment; chain management; sustainable development; plastics, PVC; technology development.

The over-all question of the project is concerned with the possibilities and constraints in realizing sustainable integrated chain management, in particular for plastics, with PVC as special case. The core of the TA part of the project (the part here desc
ribed) is technology development, which is looked upon from a "chains perspective" to throw light on the question "how to influence technology development, such that it is directed towards more sustainable innovations". Attention will be given to the (f)a
ctors that shape technology development in and by chains; stimuli and barriers for development of more sustainable technologies; possible sustainability standards.

Date:	19940601
End date:	19990331

* Additional information:
AIO Project financed by the "Commissie Beek". Part of a larger project "Integrated Chain Manangement Plastics", which consists of 3 AIO projects: one focussing at policy analysis (SPM), one at systems engineering and management (SPM) and the project here 
described (which involves cooperation with Interduct).

* Group:
PTSS/Technology Assessment
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
PTSS/TA, SPM, Interduct

* Professor:
Prof.dr. Ph.J. Vergragt (3352)
* Contact:
J.M.C. Knot (Ms) (7196)
* Email:
marjolijn.knot@wtm.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/29

A chemical research on thatches

Keywords:
thatches; degradation; lignin; cellulose; hemicellulose

Determination of contents of lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and non dissolvable materials in non-weathered and weathered reed. The results will be incorporated in a research program directed by the Rijksdienst voor Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek.

Date:	1992
End date:	1994

* Additional information:
The results of this research are used to compare durability and degradation results with photographical data in order to learn about influencing parameters. Project is financed by the Rijksdienst voor Oudheden.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Constructions/Materials Science

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. Ch.F. Hendriks (7439)
* Contact:
dr.ir. A.L.A. Fraaij (4974)

=====

misc/30

Trace element determinations in very large samples

Keywords:
trace elements; INAA; kg-samples; waste; soil; multi-element

Trace elements concentrations are being determined in samples of kilogram size using neutron activation analysis. The method allows for analysis of materials, inhomogeneous at e.g. 200 mg scale, but to be considered homogeneous at the 1 - 10 kg scale. No 
sample size reduction, homogenization or other preparation is necessary. Applications range from drill cores, soil samples to materials from the recycling industry (e.g. shredded waste).

Date:	19900101
End date:	19980101

* Additional information:
Project is partly in the development state, routine (commercial) applications are foreseen to be possible ongoing from 1995.

* Group:
IRI

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J.M. de Goeij (6171/6713)
* Contact:
Ir. P. Bode (3530)
* Email:
Bode@irivax.tudelft.nl

=====

misc/31

Realization of Sustainable Industrial Production Systems in the Base Metal Industry

Keywords:
zinc; aluminium; iron; technology assessment; sustainable development.

The purpose of the project is to design an implementation strategy for sustainable industrial production systems. Industrial production systems are often characterized by a high environmental weight. An effective transformation to sustainable systems is n
ot easy to realize because of the strong existing connections with the technological and social infrastructure. Three case-studies in the field of metal production (zinc, aluminium, iron production) will be investigated. The following analyses will be car
ried out: - An investigation of the existing production processes; - The environmental effects of these production processes; - The technological and social-organizational barriers against changes to more sustainable production processes.

Date:	19940201
End date:	19980201

* Additional information:
AIO Project financed by the commission Beek; cooperation with Interduct.

* Group:
PTSS/Technology Assessment
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
Cooperation between TA and Interduct

* Professor:
Prof.dr. Ph.J. Vergragt (3352)
* Contact:
Drs. E.H.M. Moors (Ms) (7196)
* Email:
ellen.moors@wtm.tudelft.nl

=====

soil/1

Oil-spills and in situ cleaning techniques

Keywords:
capillary effects; heterogeneities; enhanced oil recovery based cleaning techniques

Oil spills form a potential hazard for drinking water quality. Present methods of ex-situ cleaning are expensive. One m3 of steamed-out rock produces not more than two barrels of oil ($30.0); an oil company spends not more than this amount on a m3. Thus S
team injection, an enhanced oil recovery (eor) technique, could be a much cheaper cleaning technique. Other eor techniques (foam, surfactants etc.) can also be considered. One important aspect for defining screening criteria for the applicability of eor t
echniques entails the distribution of oil and spreading of oil in the heterogeneous underground. The present focus is on the effect of capillary phenomena and wetting characteristics on this distribution.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19961231

* Additional information:
Sponsored by the TU-Delft and additional sponsoring being sought from industry, foundation of technical sciences, and EC.

* Group:
Reservoir Engineering, MPE, Centre of Technical Geoscience
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CE

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Dr. J. Bruining (6032); Prof.ir. C.P.J.W. van Kruijsdijk (6038)

=====

soil/2

3D geological modelling of shallow marine and fluviatile aquifers in the Netherlands

Keywords:
geological aquifer characterisation; porosity/permeability distribution; geometry of geobodies; pollution migration prediction

Pollution of the subsurface follows pathways that are determined by the distribution of highly porous and permeable sand layers. The geometry of these sand layers is defined by their depositional environment and the geological history of the area. The dis
tribution of different lithofacies in the sandstones determines the velocity of migration of the pollution clouds. The composition of the sandstones and the 3D distribution of the mineral components influence the behaviour of the pollutant during migratio
n. Based on well data, pit data, geophysical surveys and regional and historical geological information 3D models can be constructed. These models can be used for pollutant migration prediction and monitoring purposes.

Date:	19940401
End date:	19980401

* Additional information:
Sponsored by TU-Delft and RGD (Dutch Geological Survey).

* Group:
Earth Sciences, MPE, Centre of Technical Geoscience

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Dr. H. Dronkert (6001); Prof. F.R. van Veen (6025)

=====

soil/3

Geophysical characterisation of polluted areas

Keywords:
geophysical characterisation; imaging and inversion; heavy metal contaminants; oil spills

Geophysical techniques can be used to delineate and quantify the extent of pollutions in the subsoil. Especially electromagnetic methods are well-suited to this purpose. The present efforts concentrate on measuring and interpretation methods.

Date:	19940101
End date:	19961231

* Additional information:
Sponsored by the TU-Delft and additional sponsoring being sought from industry, foundation of technical sciences.

* Group:
Geophysics, MPE, Centre of Technical Geoscience
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
AP & EE

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Prof.dr.ir. J.T. Fokkema (6105)

=====

soil/4

Bitumina-mineral interactions

Keywords:
image analyzing; particle size; very open asphalt top-road layers (ZOAB)

One of the techiques developed is based on the examination of thin sections of rock and soils, applied in geology. By this method the microstructure of asphalt road may be examined, and deteriorating mechanisms evaluated.

Date:	1993
End date:	1995

* Additional information:
In cooperation with the Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division of the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, an (ongoing) research program on the mechanism of bitumina-mineral (rock) interactions is carrried out. The Road and Hydraulic
 Engineering Division is concerned about the disappointing low life-cycle of very open asphalt top-road layers (ZOAB). Knowledge of the deterioration mechanism will aid in the development, as well as the judgement, of technical measures intended to extend
 the service-life of the roads.

* Group:
CE/Mechanics and Constructions/Materials Science

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. Ch.F. Hendriks (7439)
* Contact:
Dr. R.C. Reintjes (4817)

=====

soil/5

Characterization of contaminated soils

Keywords:
mineralogy; heavy metals; PAHs; separation techniques

Selected contaminated soils are investigated in order to get a better understanding of the effect of the way of occurrence of contaminations on soil cleaning processes. Emphasis is put on the relationship between geological history, mineralogy, way of occ
urrence of contaminations, type of contaminations and separations techniques used in soil cleaning processes.

Date:	19930401
End date:	19970401

* Additional information:
Project partly financed by N.V.P.G. (Nederlandse Vereniging Procesmatige Grondreinigers). Contact/cooperation with companies in the field, with S.C.G. (Service Centrum voor Grondreiniging) and Wageningen Agriculture University (Department of Environmental
 Technology).

* Group:
MPE

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Drs.ing. R. Rikers (3821); Dr. J. Voncken (3618)

=====

soil/6

Reclaiming abandoned mining sites: reurbanization concepts and engineering geology

Keywords:
recycling of derelict land; contaminated sites remediation techniques

The coal mining regions in Europe have been in a process of constant change over the last 40 years. Since 1945, the coal industry has been declining. There have been a number of European initiatives to establish new industries. However, the initiation of 
new industries depends on the availability of space. In the densely populated industrial belts of Europe the only chance to gain space is to reclaim areas formerly used by industries. The remediation of former mining sites and the re-establishment of alte
rnative industries have become both a challenge for city planners and a prestigious attribute for ambitious politicians. This research project investigates geotechnical tools and techniques to remediate derelict and contaminated mining sites.

Date:	19940901
End date:	20000101

* Group:
MPE; GTI; Engineering Geology

* Professor:
Prof.dr. D.D. Genske (6843)
* Contact:
Prof.dr. D.D. Genske (6843)
* Email:
Dieter@dutmgf1.tudelft.nl

=====

soil/7

Immobilisation of soil cleaning residues

Keywords:
sintering; smelting; mineralogy; heavy metals; leaching characteristics

Selected soil cleaning residues are investigated in order to get an insight into the possibilities to immobilize the heavy metals present by means of sintering, or smelting. The materials are first characterized mineralogically, and chemically. Sintering 
and smelting are investigated independently. Emphasis is put on the nature and amount of additions necessary for a successful immobilization, pretreatment of the material, and on process conditions. Laboratory scale experiments are a precursor to larger s
cale experiments.

Date:	19930601
End date:	19950601

* Additional information:
Project partly financed by S.C.G. (Service Centrum voor Bodemreiniging). Contact/cooperation with T.N.O.

* Group:
MPE

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Ir. P. Voutilainen-Laakso (Ms) (3202); Ir. T.W. Zegers (2542); Dr. J. Voncken (3618)

=====

soil/8

Rapid screening of polluted soil

Keywords:
soil contamination; screening of pollutants

For the speedy determination of the degree of contamination of soil, an IR oven is put in series with a mass-selective detector. The change in intensity of a large number of masses is recorded as a function of time. A number of multivariate analysis techn
iques can be applied, aimed at the identification and quantization of the pollutants.

Date:	19940622
End date:	

* Group:
BSDL/EB

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J. Heijnen (2341)
* Contact:
Ir. J.C. van Dam (6356)

=====

soil/9

Nonlinear Transport Phenomena in Porous Media

Keywords:
transport of reactive solutes; groundwater pollution; modelling; porous media

The work concentrates on modelling aspects of flow through soil and transport of reactive solutes, with emphasis on mathematical properties.

Date:	19920901
End date:	19960901

* Additional information:
Project financed by the NWO Priority Programme 'Nonlinear Systems'; in cooperation with RIVM, RUL, AKZO, LUW

* Group:
TMI/Algemene Wiskunde
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
MPE/Petroleumwinning en Technische Geophysica

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. C.J. van Duijn (3894)
* Contact:
Drs. M.A. Peletier (7241)
* Email:
peletier@twi.tudelft.nl

=====

waste/1

Rapid solidification processing of aluminium alloys for recycling

Keywords:
aluminium scrap; advanced processing

The rapid solidification technique, as developed by the group and operated through both a laboratory line unit and pilot line unit in industry, approaches the stage of commercialisation. A PBTS-project has started, in co-operation with other parties, in w
hich attention is paid to the development of finished products. Also, in this period research has been performed to investigate the mechanical properties of a series of rapidly solidified aluminium alloys which play a role in the various dismantling scena
rios of cars.

Date:	
End date:	

* Additional information:
Project is a long-term project with funding from various sources and for various periods.

* Group:
CTMS/Advanced Materials and Casting Technology

* Professor:
Prof.ir. L. Katgerman (2249)
* Contact:
Dr. W.H. Kool (2224)

=====

waste/2

Recycling of complex materials of polymers and non-ferrous metals

Keywords:
electronic equipment; dismantling; mechanical separation; disposal; incineration

Dismantling and mechanical processing of (parts of) electronic equipment with emphasis on dry separation equipment.

Date:	19910107
End date:	19941231

* Additional information:
Project is financed by the Ministry of Economy. Cooperation with TNO-IMET and Philips-Mirec with regard to mechanical processing and separation of electronic equipment.

* Group:
MPE/Raw Materials Processing

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (1636)
* Contact:
Ir. J.A. van Houwelingen (5580)

=====

waste/3

Optimization of current dismantling and mechanical processes of electronic equipment and lamps at Philips-Mirec

Keywords:
electronic equipment; lamps; dismantling; mechanical separation; pyrometallurgy; design

Collection, dismantling and mechanical processing of electronic equipment with emphasis on specifications of metals and materials.

Date:	19900227
End date:	19960227

* Additional information:
PhD-Study on the economic evaluation of dismantling and processing of television sets. Cooperation with TNO-IMET with regard to mechanical processing and separation of granular mixtures of polymers, metals and materials.

* Group:
MPE/Raw Materials Processing

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (1636)
* Contact:
Ir. J.A. van Houwelingen (5580)

=====

waste/4

Metal Detection of Mixed Waste Materials Streams

Keywords:
metal detection; plastics; separation; quality assurance

The separation of waste materials must meet grade and recovery standards to yield recyclable products. The concentrates achieved by bulk sorting processes (e.g. jig, eddy current, electrostatic separation), however contain impurities. One particular type 
of contamination is metal in plastics mixtures. Particle separation techniques such as metal detectors and stone-sorting machines are applied experimentally to the various material mixtures in an attempt to achieve the quality necessary for further proces
sing.

Date:	19940515
End date:	19941001

* Additional information:
Project financed by EC and Metallgesellschaft AG.

* Group:
MPE/Raw Materials Technology

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
A. Thomas BSc (7848)

=====

waste/5

Metal separation by fluid bed chloride pyrohydrolysis

Keywords:
metal separation; pyrohydrolysis; zinc; chlorides; fluidization

Pyrohydrolysis is a lixiviant regeneration process in which metal chlorides obtained from leaching either primary or secondary raw materials can be thermally decomposed into metal oxides and hydrogen chloride. Every metal chloride hydrolyses under differe
nt conditions, i.e. temperature and gas atmosphere, which opens up opportunities for metal separation. The separation of iron from zinc, lead and/or cadmium present as oxide, ferrite or silicate in both waste materials and ores through pyrohydrolysis is b
eing investigated in both a tube furnace an a 100 mm diameter fluid bed.

Date:	19910815
End date:	19950815

* Additional information:
This project is financed by TNO-Environmental and Energy Technology in Apeldoorn.

* Group:
MPE

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. G. Van Weert (1606)
* Contact:
Ir. E.M.L. Peek (1545)
* Email:
ard2@dutmgf1.TUDelft.NL

=====

waste/6

Environmental and economic evaluation of mixed plastic waste processing routes

Keywords:
plastic waste; recycling; environmental impact; economics; back-to-feedstock

Goal of the project is to compare alternative processing routes for mixed plastic waste (MPW) collected from households. A method is developed to analyse the environmental impact and economic consequences (gate fee) of the various routes, such as integral
 incineration with municipal waste, direct recycling and back-to-feedstock processing in a hydrogenation unit. A detailed case study is performed on the Veba Oel AG Combi Cracking (hydrogenation/depolymerisation) back-to-feedstock route, which produces a 
synthetic crude from MPW.

Date:	19921215
End date:	19940701

* Additional information:
Principal of the project is CE, Delft. The project is carried out in close cooperation with CE. Funding by Dow Chemical, DSM, Shell, Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, and Ministry of Economic Affairs.

* Group:
INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Ir. G.P.J. Dijkema (4532)
* Email:
Dijkema@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

waste/7

Dry Sink-Float Separation of Shredded Car Scrap Using a Fluidized Bed Separator

Keywords:
recycling; car scrap; fluidized bed; sink-float separation; dry processing

The opportunities of dry processing of shredded car scrap in a fluidized bed separator have been investigated. Separation trials have been performed in order to define the parameters affecting the separation: the particle size, the shape factor and the de
nsity difference of the particles to be separated, the density of the bed medium and the stability of the bed. A pilot plant fluidized bed separator has been used for the experiments.

Date:	19940501
End date:	19941231

* Additional information:
Project financed by SENTER.

* Group:
MPE/Raw Material Technology

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Ir. N. Fraunholcz (1545)

=====

waste/8

Identification and characterization of mixed plastic waste

Keywords:
recycling; identification; charaterization; mixed plastic waste

The separation of mixed plastic waste is very important for being able to recycle plastic waste properly. In this project we study the applicability of infrared and dielectric spectroscopy as methods for optimal separation. However, most times this separa
tion won't be optimal, at least not for 100%, which results in bad material properties. One way of getting better properties is adding so-called 'compatibilizers'. We are looking for the best type of compatibilizer that can be used in recycling.

Date:	19920201
End date:	19960201

* Group:
CTMS/Polymer Technology

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J. van Turnhout (1828)
* Contact:
Ir. S. Wiegersma (5563)
* Email:
Wiegersma@STM.TUDelft.NL

=====

waste/9

Batch Planner

Keywords:
scheduling; batch production; optimization

Interduct has developed a user friendly computer program for PC to optimize batch production scheduling economically and environmentally. Basic ingredients of the optimization procedure are an object function and a minimization procedure. The optimized sc
hedule not only guarantees proper timing of the production runs, but also contributes to a more efficient use of reactor and storage capacity and to a structural reduction of solid and liquid wastes.

Date:	19920601
End date:	19950601

* Additional information:
Integral Process Optimization.

* Group:
INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. R.M. Stikkelman
* Email:
Stikkelman@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

waste/10

Influence of Surfactants on the Froth Flotation Process of Plastics

Keywords:
separation; plastics; surfactants; contact angle; zeta-potential

A series of fundamental flotation experiments were carried out with the objective to define the process of adsorption of surfactants on plastic surfaces. Since almost all plastics consist of polymers exhibiting hydrophobic surface properties, separation b
y froth flotation involves selective wetting of one or more plastic types. By testing the effect of numerous chemicals of known structure it has been possible to define the role of their functional groups in the adsorption process. The plastic types inves
tigated were: glass reinforced PP, PS, ABS, PC, PMMA, PA6, PVC, POM. The experiments were carried out on a bench-scale in a specially designed low-turbulence flotation cell.

Date:	19920511
End date:	19960511

* Additional information:
Project financed by EC.

* Group:
MPE/Raw Material Technology

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Ir. N. Fraunholcz (1545)

=====

waste/11

Influence of Surfactants on the Electrostatic Separation of Plastics

Keywords:
separation; contact charging; plastics; surfactants

The opportunities of tribo-electric separation of mixtures of shredded plastics was investigated. A series of electrostatic separation trials were performed with various two- and three-component mixtures of plastics. Several parameters were investigated: 
the relative humidity, duration of the tribo-electric charging process, percentage of the components in the sample and the influence of surfactants. The mixtures investigated were: PE-PP, glass reinforced PP-PS-ABS, PC-PMMA-PA6, PVC-POM. The experiments w
ere carried out on a pilot plant scale.

Date:	19920511
End date:	19951231

* Additional information:
Project financed by EC and by SENTER; cooperation with Kunststoffen en Rubber Instituut TNO/Delft/NL.

* Group:
MPE/Raw Material Technology

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Ir. N. Fraunholcz (1545)

=====

waste/12

Characterization of sieve sand

Keywords:
sieve sand; building-waste; PAHs; wet separation methods

Large quantities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) have been identified in building waste. These contaminations appear to be concentrated in and around the fine particles, which are separated from the building waste before these are recycled. Thes
e residues are defined as sieve sand. The chemical contamination in the sieve sand causes this material to be very difficult to dispose off. At the request of the Ministry of Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieu (VROM) a research project is st
arted to characterize the sieve sand and to examine the efficiency of a number of wet separation techniques.

Date:	19940501
End date:	19950430

* Additional information:
Project is financed by the Ministry of Volkshuisvesting, Regionale Ontwikkeling en Milieu (VROM). Cooperation with TNO-IMET.

* Group:
MPE/Raw Materials Processing

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (1636)
* Contact:
Ir. R.H. Ringeling (7801)

=====

waste/13

Underground disposal of waste in rock salt

Keywords:
solid toxic waste; retrievability; salt-mine-repository; salt cavity; deep bore holes

Several aspects of underground disposal of radioactive (and chemical) waste are investigated. Important subjects are: (i) disposal in a salt-mine-repository in such a way that the waste can be retrieved in due time and (ii) the possibilities to dispose ra
dioactive or chemical waste in a deep-lying salt cavity or in deep bore holes in the salt.

Date:	19900701
End date:	19980701

* Additional information:
Up to 1993 three projects were financially supported by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. Presumably a new externally financed project will start in the beginning of 1995.

* Group:
MPE/Petroleum Engineering and Rock Mechanics, Centre of Technical Geoscience

* Professor:
Prof.ir. W.L. Dalmijn (6043)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. W.M.G.T. van den Broek (6065); Prof.dr. D.D. Genske (6843)

=====

water/1

Liquid membrane extraction of heavy metal ions from solid-containing process streams

Keywords:
liquid membrane; extraction; heavy metal ions

A liquid membranes is a thin layer of liquid, separating two phases: a process stream and a stipping phase. Impurities, e.g. metal ions, can be extracted almost completely by a carrier that is dissolved in the liquid membrane. On the other side of the mem
brane, stripping takes place. While the carrier is stripped continously, the driving force for the extraction remains high. The aim of this project is to adapt this technique for the treatment of slurries. The extraction of cadmium is studied as a model s
ystem, for the use in phosphoric acid industry.

Date:	19940530
End date:	19951115

* Additional information:
Project financed by Dutch Ministery of Economic Affairs (IOP-preventie), Commissie Beek and Stimuleringsruimte Delft TU.

* Group:
CTMS/Industrial Crystallization

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. G.M. van Rosmalen (Ms) (3852)
* Contact:
Ir. G.R.M. Breembroek (Ms) (6372)

=====

water/2

The Anammox process

Keywords:
nitrification; denitrification; anammox; wastewater

In the late eighties, it became clear that ammonium was disappearing from an anerobic bioreactor being used for the post-treatment of effluent from a methanogenic reactor. It subsequently became obvious that this ammonium disappearance was related to a si
multaneous increase in nitrate consumption in the reactor, and was biological. This ANoxic AMMonium OXidation (ANAMMOX) has now been reproduced in the laboratory. Novel bacteria using previously unknown metabolic pathways are involved, and these require d
etailed study.

Date:	19890501
End date:	19991231

* Additional information:
This was originally a PhD project that recieved financial support from STW and Gist Brocades (Delft). It has now been undertaken by a KNAW Research Fellow. Cooperation from Gist brocades, DSM, STOWA. The Anammox process is patented (EP 327 184 A1).

* Group:
BSDL/Environmental Biotechnology (Microbiology)

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.G. Kuenen (5308)
* Contact:
Dr. M. Jetten (1193); Dr. L.A. Robertson (2421)
* Email:
ROBERTSON@TUDSV1.TUDELFT.NL

=====

water/3

The production of nitrogen oxides during nitrification and denitrification

Keywords:
nitrification; denitrification; nitrous oxide; nitric oxide; wastewater

Gaseous nitrogen oxides contribute to many environmental problems. While most nitrogen oxide emission is due to chemical processes (e.g. nylon production, petrochemicals), a significant amount is biogenic. Sources include nitrogen-removing wastewater trea
tment systems. This project aims to understand the mechanisms underlying nitrogen oxide biogenesis so that it can be prevented in wastewater treatment. Preliminary results indicate that environmental stress (e.g. pH shock, sudden aerobic/anaerobic switche
s) may play an important role. As well as denitrifiers, both autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifiers produce nitrous oxide.

Date:	19920101
End date:	19960101

* Additional information:
This project is financed by Delft University of Technology under the auspices of the Beek Committee; cooperation with the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Free University of Amsterdam.

* Group:
BSDL/Environmental Biotechnology (Microbiology)

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.G. Kuenen (5308)
* Contact:
Ir. N. Grobben (2410); Dr. L.A. Robertson (2421)
* Email:
ROBERTSON@TUDSV1.TUDELFT.NL

=====

water/4

Possibilities for integration of knowledge concerning the water management of the river Scheldt

Keywords:
public administration; transboundary cooperation; integrated water management

Possibilities to improve the transboundary cooperation between the relevant actors in a river basin. 

Date:	19940301
End date:	19980301

* Additional information:
The project is being carried out in cooperation with the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat). Three Ph.D. researchers, from different disciplines will be working on the project for four years.

* Group:
CE/RBA/SPM
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
CE/RBA/SPM

* Professor:
Prof.mr. J. Wessel
* Contact:
Drs. S.V. Meijerink

=====

water/5

Living Rivers

Keywords:
public administration; nature development; floodplains; integrated water management.

Possibilities of ecological rehabilitation of the river Rhine and its floodplains in relation to other important functions like navigation, agriculture and protection against flooding. The research consists of three main parts: judicial possibilities for 
protection and development of wet nature areas, public administration dealing with conflicting functions and the relation to technical possibilities of sustainable ecological rehabilitation.

Date:	19940201
End date:	19980201

* Additional information:
The project is carried out in co-operation with the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat). Three Ph.D. researchers, from different disciplines will be working together.

* Group:
PTSS/RBA
* Cooperation within TU Delft:
PTSS; AUPH; CE

* Professor:
Prof.mr. J. Wessel (4066/3565)
* Contact:
Ir. P.J. Perdok (7044)

=====

water/6

The mechanisms involved in the microbiological formation of elemental sulphur from sulphide

Keywords:
sulphur; sulphide; wastewater; sulphate

Many effluent streams contain sulphide. This is toxic and smells, and must therefore be treated. Conventional systems oxidize sulphide to sulphate, but this is itself an environmental hazard if discharged into freshwater as it boosts the sulphur cycle. A 
process that stops the oxidation at sulphur, rather than proceeding to sulphate, has been developed to the pilot plant scale. However, the mechanisms underlying this process must be understood before the system can be optimized, or properly controlled.

Date:	19921101
End date:	19961101

* Additional information:
Financed by IOP. This project continues an earlier one (Dr. G. Stefess) financed by STW. Cooperation with Paques B.V. and the Agricultural University of Wageningen.

* Group:
BSDL/Environmental Biotechnology (Microbiology)

* Professor:
Prof.dr. J.G. Kuenen
* Contact:
Drs. J.M. Visser (2410); Dr. L.A. Robertson (2421)
* Email:
ROBERTSON@TUDSV1.TUDELFT.NL

=====

water/7

More efficient tank cleaning methods

Keywords:
tank cleaning; washing; efficiency; waste reduction; slops

Tall storage tanks and tanks aboard tankerships are usually cleaned with huge amounts of water and/or other cleaning fluids (e.g., gas oil). An important question is what to do with the so-called slops that remain. The research relates to the efficiency a
nd effectiveness of the washing process, in particular the water consumption.

Date:	19940606
End date:	

* Group:
AP/Kramers Laboratorium voor Fysische Technologie

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. H.E.A. van den Akker (5000)
* Contact:
Prof.dr.ir. H.E.A. van den Akker (5000)

=====

water/8

Sustainable integrated urban water management

Keywords:
urban stormwater; waste water; sewage systems; water and environmental law

A study of the managerial, juridical and organizational constraints of an innovative approach to a sustainable integrated urban water management. A confrontation of the innovative ideas (both technological and ecological) and the laws and administration s
tructures involved, resulting in recommendations for a better legislation and organizational setup.

Date:	19940712
End date:	19950901

* Additional information:
Project financed by research stimulation fund (chairman: Prof. Beek), aiming at initiating interfaculty cooperation.

* Group:
CE/Infrastructure; PTSS/Technology, Industry and Government

* Professor:

* Contact:
Ir. P. van Eck (projectleader, 4813); Mr. E.T. Schutte-Postma (Ms) (projectleader, 5882); Mr.drs. H. van den Heuvel (4676); Ir. J. Jacobs (4676)

=====

water/9

Formation of storage polymers by bacteria

Keywords:
waste water treatment; storage polymers; bacteria; PHB

This project aims at designing a process which can be used in waste water treatment. Organisms have to be selected which accumulate organic carbon in the form of, e.g., PHB. Bacterial growth should be limited. The research is oriented to understanding the
 mechanisms and kinetics of the formation of storage polymers in bacteria. The research is conducted with chemostat experiments with pure or mixed cultures of bacteria, and should lead to new process designs for waste water treatment or PHB production in 
fermentation industry.

Date:	199301
End date:	199501

* Group:
CTMS

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J. Heijnen (2341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. M.C.M. van Loosdrecht (1618)

=====

water/10

PROPER (Pollution Reducing Options in Processes: an Efficacy Ranking method)

Keywords:
wastewater treatment; expert system; efficacy ranking; network optimization

The PROPER method optimizes the selection of pollution reducing technologies for a single waste stream or network of waste streams. Environmental as well as economical aspects are taken into account.

Date:	19920801
End date:	19960101

* Additional information:
Integral Process Optimization.

* Group:
INT

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. M.P.C. Weijnen (Ms) (3341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. R.M. Stikkelman
* Email:
Stikkelman@Interduct.TUDelft.NL

=====

water/11

Process design for integrated phosphate and nitrogen removal from waste waters

Keywords:
waste water treatment; phosphate removal; nitrogen removal; bacteria

To obtain nitrate as an electron acceptor for DPB (denitrifying P-removing bacteria), nitrification should be introduced into the systems. Research topics include: integration of nitrification and denitrifying P-removal in a sequencing batch reactor syste
m; simultaneous removal of P and N in a separate sludge process; determining stoichiometric and kinetic parameters of the different microbial groups in the N and P removing system; formulation of a process model for process design and control.

Date:	199301
End date:	199601

* Additional information:
Sponsored by STOWA, NOVEM.

* Group:
BSDL-EB

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J. Heijnen (2341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. M.C.M. van Loosdrecht (1618); T. Kuba (1618)

=====

water/12

Aerobic denitrification and heterotrophic nitrification

Keywords:
waste water treatment; denitrification; nitrification; bacteria

In the development of a novel nitrogen removal system, a mathematical description is needed of the competition between heterotrophic nitrifiers and other organisms in waste water treatment systems. The process conditions which lead to optimal aerobic nitr
ogen elimination rates in waste water treatment processes have to be determined. Experiments with the model organism Thiosphaera pantotropha have indicated the specific process conditions under which aerobic nitrogen elimination is likely to occur in wast
e water treatment systems. Nitrogen removal by activated sludge is being optimized in a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor process.

Date:	199011
End date:	199411

* Additional information:
Sponsored by Senter (IOP-mbt), STORA (RWZI-2000).

* Group:
BSDL-EB

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J. Heijnen (2341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. M.C.M. van Loosdrecht (1618); Ir. M.A. Pot (1618)

=====

water/13

Design of an airlift suspension reactor for integrated nitrification and denitrification

Keywords:
waste water treatment; denitrification; nitrification; bacteria; airlift suspension reactor

This project is aimed at integrating the denitrification process in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor. Research topics include: choice of an optimal reactor geometry; hydrodynamic characterization of the airlift reactor; study of the effect of fluctuat
ing aerobic/anoxic conditions on the (de)nitrification in biofilms; setting-up of a process and reactor model for the treatment process, with special emphasis on scale-up and control; testing of the designed system for the nitrogen elimination capacity.

Date:	199311
End date:	199711

* Additional information:
Sponsored by IOP-mt and TU Delft.

* Group:
BSDL-EB

* Professor:
Prof.dr.ir. J.J. Heijnen (2341)
* Contact:
Dr.ir. M.C.M. van Loosdrecht (1618); Ir. W.A.J. van Benthum (1551)

** Abbreviations **
*******************
used in the Group field

AE    Aerospace Engineering 
       (Luchtvaart- en Ruimtevaarttechniek)
AP    Applied Physics (Technische Natuurkunde)
AUPH  Architecture, Urban Planning and Housing (Bouwkunde)
BSDL  Biotechnological Sciences Delft Leiden
CE    Civil Engineering (Civiele Techniek)
CICAT Centre for International Cooperation and Appropriate Technology
CIM   CIM Centre Delft (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
CTMS  Chemical Technology and Materials Science
       (Scheikundige Technologie en Materiaalkunde)
DIMES DIMES 
       (Delfts Instituut voor Micro-Elektronica en Submicrontechnologie)
EE    Electrical Engineering (Elektrotechniek)
GE    Geodesy (Geodesie)
IDE   Industrial Design Engineering (Industrieel Ontwerpen)
INT   Interduct
IRI   Interfaculty Reactor Institute
JMB   J.M. Burgers Centre (Onderzoekschool voor stromingsleer)
MME   Mechanical and Marine Engineering (Werktuigbouw en Maritieme Techniek)
MPE   Mining and Petroleum Engineering (Mijnbouwkunde en Petroleumwinning)
OTB   OTB Research Institute for Policy Sciences and Technology
PTSS  Philosophy and Technical Social Sciences
       (Wijsbegeerte en Technische Maatschappijwetenschappen)
RBA   Centre for Comparative studies on River Basin Administration
SPM   Systems Engineering, Policy Analysis and Management
       (Technische Bestuurskunde)
TMI   Technical Mathematics and Informatics
       (Technische Wiskunde en Informatica)
WOT   Werkgroep Offshore Technology

.