Please note, though, that Fraktur is not at all the same as what is often called 'black letter' or 'old English' fonts, such as Goudy Text. It would be hopeless trying to convert one into the other. It may help searchers to know how Fraktur fonts differ from 'black letter' fonts. These are the main things to look for in Fraktur: Capital A resembles a lower case u, with an open top. Capital G is often rather like the 'registered' symbol, an R in a circle. Capital I and J are usually nearly identical, the latter being deeper. Capital K has a closed top, often arched, like an over-rounded R. Capital S has a tail which loops right over the top to make a circle. Capital Z is shaped like a figure 3. Lower case a is like a handwritten one, with no extra top stroke. Lower case k looks like t with a small loop at top right. Lower case s is long, like an f with no crossbar, and there is also a final form like a normal s. Lower case y is often closed at the top and open at the bottom of the bowl. Lower case z is shaped like a dropped figure 3. The hyphen has two strokes, like an = sign canted to the left. The sz ligature, used for double s, is a necessity; ch, ck and tz are also more or less indispensable, though they can be faked by crafty kerning. The old metal fonts also had the usual ligatures for ff, fi and fl (but not ffi or ffl), as well as (long)si, (long)s(long)s and (long)st. All these can be included if desired. Ralph Hancock .