Interlacustrine Zone, 48, 61–64, 123
International Bank for Reconstruction, 193
International exchange system, 76
International law, 77
International trade, 15, 75–82, 111, 114, 164–173, see also European trade
International Union of Students, 275
Investment, 23–25
American, 193–195
foreign, 22–25, 136, 152, 210–211, 284
Ireland, 136
Iron-age society, 63
Ironworkers, 42, 44, 47, 52, 63, 132, 231
Isandhlwana, battle of, 129
Islam, 35, 53–55, 59, 64, 114, 133, 242, 249, 266
Kharijite, 54
Sunni, 54
Italian Eritrea, 198
Italian Renaissance, 122
Ivory, 76–77, 84, 106, 112–113, 132, 153, 186
Ivory Coast 17, 58, 103, 111, 234
colonial education in, 263, 269
during colonialism, 167, 199, 234
Izanusi (witchcraft diviners), 131
Izimpi (Zulu army regiment), 130–131
Jaja, 137
James, C. L. R., 89
Japan, 11, 20, 22, 24–25, 50, 106–107, 116, 168, 177, 190, 193–194
African trade with, 23
Japanese capitalism, 106
Japanese feudal army, 7
Japanese industry, 106
Japanese military, 175
Jesus (ship), 83
John Holt (company), 156
John III, King of Portugal, 107
John Walken & Co. Ltd., 156
Jones, Alfred, 170
Jordan, Winthrop, 91
Jos. Hansen (company), 157
“Juju”, 231
Julius Caesar, 129
Kabaka (of Buganda), 124, 159, 226
Kaffa cultivators, 33
Kalahari Desert, 33
Kamakuras of Japan, 46
Kamina, 198
Kampala, Uganda, 157
Kanem-Bornu empire, 59–60
Kante clan, 57
K.A.R., 187–189
Karagwe region, 62–64, 123, 125
Katanga copper, 42–43
Katangese people, 101
Kaunda, Kenneth, 280
Kayamba, Martin, 269
Kente cloth, 107
colonial education in, 242–244, 265–266, 271, see also Beecher report
during colonialism, 151, 154, 157, 161, 164–165, 167, 206, 210, 229, 233
Ketu (Yoruba state), 240
Khaldun, Ibn, 53
Kharijite Islam, 54
Kharijite revolt, 54
Khoi Khoi herdsmen, 128
Khoisan hunter-gatherers, 33
Kieran, J. A., 70
Kigeri IV, Muami of Rwanda, 126
Kikuyu Independent Schools Association, 266, 271
Kikuyu Karinga Education Association, 266, 271
Kimambo, Isaria, 146
Kimbangu, Simon, 275
King’s College Budo (Uganda), 260
Kinshasa, 27
Kipande pass, 151
Kitchen (author), 281
Knights, European, 6
Komsomol, 258
Kongo, 42–43, 80, 100, 107, 133–134, see also Congo
Korea, 11–12
Kurunmi, 116
Kush (state), 51–52
Kwango River, 80
Kwashiorkor, 236–237
African, 23, 93, 96, 149–158, 160–165, 261
African slave, 82–92
under colonialism, 149–158, 160–163, 165, 261
corvée, 46
division of, 43–44, 47, 61–62, 117, 174, 177–179, 219, 232, 234
mine, 149–151
plantation, 149
Labouret, Henri, 70
Lagos, 118
Lake Albert, 61
Lake Edward, 61
Lake Geroge, 61
Lake kingdoms, East African, 61, 225
Lake Victoria, 61
Lamizana, Colonel, 276
Lancashire, England, 85, 160, 231
Land distribution in China, 9
Landlord/serf social relations, 8, 49
Landlords, feudal, 8, 39, 41, 49
Land of the Blacks, 56
Latin America, 16, 83, 160, 176, 180, 194, 201
Latin American history, 27
Latin American wealth, 14
Lead mining, 55
League of Nations, 188
Moroccan, 42
Lebanese in West Africa, 154–155
Lenin, 176
Leopold II, King of Belgium, 138, 153, 167, 191
Leo X, Pope, 107
Leprosy, 238
Lesieur group, 159
Leventis, 216
Lever, William H., 180–181
Lever Bros., 181, 183, 185, 211
during colonialism, 153–154, 178, 181, 226, 234
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, 89, 223, 275
Lifebuoy soap, 181
Limpopo River, 65
Lipton Tea, 185
Lisbon, Portugal, 86
Liverpool, England, 77, 85, 156, 159, 161, 180
Livingstonia (Malawi), 248, 260
“Living wage”, 150
Lloyds Bank, 162
Loango, 103
London, 27, 107, 156, 218, 230, 280
Lourenco Marques (fort), Mozambique, 144
L’Ouverture, Toussaint, 247
Lovedu of Transvaal, 227
Lozi, 225
Luanda (fort), Angola, 144
Luba-Lunda states, 134
Lugard (Lord), 272
Luo people, 122
Lupa goldfields, 207
Lusaka, 280
Lux soap, 181
Lycée Gallieni (Madagascar), 260
Lycee Louis le Grand, 259
Lyons, France, 231
Lyttleton, Oliver, 172
Mac Fisheries, 185
Machinery, 41–42, 104, 106, 135–136, 231, 234
Mclver, W. B., 181
Mackinnon and Mackenzie, 156
Macmillan, Harold, 259
Madagascar, 134, 188, 225, 274
colonial education in, 257
Madja people, 165
Maghreb, 53–55, 59, 64, 68, 110, 116
communalism in, 55
Islam in, 53–55
brasswork of, 55
Mahdist Sudan, 225
Mailo (Uganda), 229
Maji Maji War, 200
Makonde Ngoma, 34
Malagasy people, 134, 140, 257, 274
colonial education in, 248 see also Nyasaland
Malaya, 171
Malnutrition, 236–238, see also Famine
Mameluk dynasty, 48–49
Manchester, England, 156
Mandinga cultivators, 42, 45, 58
Mandinga Djola traders, 110
Mandinga townsmen, 33
Manuel I, King of Portugal, 107
Manufacturers, European, 159–160, 180–185
Manuring, green, 40
Manuscripts, illuminated, 50
Mao Tse-tung, 287
Maoris, 35
Marathas of India, 46
Marco Polo, 103
Market economies, 24
Marketing Boards, see Produce
Marketing Boards
Markets, protected, 160
Marriage, 34
Marshall Plan, 194–195
Martinique, West Indies, 186
Marx, Karl, 6, 28, 38, 83, 90, 199, 220
Masai pastoralists, 238
Matabeleland, 225
Matamba (state), 80
Matrilineal society, 36
Mau Mau people, 210
Mau Mau War, 271
Maurel & Prom, 155
Maurel Brothers, 155
Mauritania, 54, 56, 103, 110, 155, 264
Mauritius, 97
Maury, Bishop, 75
Mazzini, 275
Mediterranean Sea, 53, 59, 76, 101, 196
Medresas, 242
Merina, kingdom of Madagascar, 134, 140
Meroe (state), 51–52
Mersey River, 184
Metropoles, 14, 25–26, 28–29, 76, 149, 160, 163, 173, 186, 199, 205, 234
Metropolitan countries, 27–28
Mhina, J. E., 146
Michael Cotts, 157
Micro-units, 70
Middle Ages in Europe, 37
Middle East, 175
Middle Passage, 96
Military
African induction into colonial, 144, 186–189
imperialist aspects of, 175
Military aspects of capitalism, 173–180
Military coups, 27
Military development, African, 113–135
Military installations, 198
Military oligarchy in Egypt, 48
Military scientific research, 175
Mine labor
African, 149–151
European, 150
Mineral resources, 20, 178–179, see also Raw materials
Mines de Zellidja, 195
Ming dynasty, 46
Mining, 45, 57, 66–67, 152–153, 167, 178, 180, 191, 207, 210
antimony, 55
gold, see Gold mining
lead, 55
salt, 57
Ministry of Food, 170–171
Ministry of Overseas France, 197, 267
Minstrels, 44
Missionaries, 114, 138–139, 143, 229, 252–254
Missionary education, 249, 252–253, 268
Mitchell, P. E., 272–273
Modes of production, 7, 11, 36, 38, 55, 69, 195, 197, 201
Mohammed (Prophet of Islam), 5, 53
Mohammed Ali, Duse, 176
Mohammed Ali of Egypt, 139, 143
Mombasa, Kenya, 157
Monasteries, 52
Monetary systems, 43
Money economy, 77, 208–209, 222, 231–235
Monks, 240
Monoculture, 234–235
Monomotapa Empire, 65
Montejo, Estaban, 79
Montgomery, General, 189
Moors, 45
Morgan, J. P., 195
Moroccan leather, 42
Morocco, 16, 48, 54–55, 57, 103, 159
airbases in, 198
during colonialism, 151
Sultan of, 225
Moses, 50
Moslem religion, see Islam
Moslem societies, slavery in, 38, 55
“Mother country”, 149, 168, 185, 207
Mount Kenya, 247
Mozambique, 65–66, 77, 100, 105, 134, 139
Beira (fort) in, 144
during colonialism, 163, 186, 191, 206, 226
Lourenço Marques (fort) in, 144
Mozambique Liberation Front (Frelimo), 205
Mpororo (Ankole), 126
Mulattos, 80
Multiplier effects, 108, 184–185
Mussolini, Benito, 249
Muzhik, 49
Mwami, ruler of Rwanda, 126
Mwene Mutapa, 67
My Lai, 90
Nana, 137–138
Nasser, Gamal, 277
Natal, 128–129
National & Grindlays, 164
National Bank of Belgium, 172
Nationalism
African, 222
Moroccan, 54
National Provincial Bank, 163
Nation-states, 47, 55, 125, 222, 232
European, 145
Native Authority Ordinance, 166
Native Credit Ordinance, 155
NATO, see North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Natural environment, 21–22
Natural resources, 20, 22–24, 123, 153, see also African resources; Raw materials
Nature of transition, 55
Navigation laws, English, 84
Nazis, 89
Needham, Joseph, 28
Neo-colonialism, 26–27, 236, 259–260
New England, 86–87
New Oyo, 116
New York, 27, 87, 161, 186, 250
Ngoni languages, 131
Ngoni people, 221
Nguni people, 134
Niger Company, 181–182, 184, 211
Nigeria, 41, 47, 56, 99, 109, 115–116, 137, 229, 276
colonial education in, 242
during colonialism, 150–151, 153, 156, 158–159, 167, 169, 206–207, 227–228, 232, 234, 242
Nkrumah, Kwame, 108, 159, 193, 201, 267–268, 280
North Africa
monetary system of, 43
role in European military of, 189
African trade with, 23
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 198
colonial education in, 239, 241
Norway, 24
NOSOCO, 156
NSCA, 156
Nuclear power, 173
Nupe, 43
Nurkse, Ragnar, 28
Nyasaland (Malawi), 187–189, 206, 254, 268, 275
Nzigina, Queen of Matamba, 80
O.A.U., 283
Odinga, Oginga, 280
Odonko-ba, 119
Ogboni (religious cult), 117
Oil, 153
Oils and Fats Division of Ministry of Food, 170
Ojo, G. J. Afolabi, 71
Ologun (warchiefs), 117
Omar, Al Haj, 133
Oni of Ife, 121
Opium Wai 81
Oppenheimer, Harry F., 171, 176
Oral histories, 62
Oran, 232
Orthodox church, 50
Overseas Development Corporation, 215
Ownership, inequalities in, 6
Oxfam, 236–237
Oyo (state), 68, 102, 115–116, 118–120
Padmore, George, 201, 205, 277
Palaces, 65
Pan-African movement, 275, 277
Panikkar, K. M, 70
Papermaking, 49
Paramount rulers, 226
Pares, Richard, 90
Paris, France, 27, 186, 230, 280
Parliament
French, 259
Parliaments, 10
Partition of Africa, 140, 190–191, 194, 271
Pastoralists, 33, 39, 45, 54, 57, 60, 62, 126
Ankoli, 238
Bahinda, 122–123
Masai, 238
Somali, 238
see also Shepherds
Patriarchal clans, 54
Patrilineal ties, 36
Pearson Commission Report, 285–286
Nubian, 52
Peasant revolts in Egypt, 49
Pellagra, 238
Perham, Margery, 278
Pernambuco, Brazil, 82
Persia, 49
Pharaohs, 48
Philips Exeter, 259
Philippines, 169
Philosophers, Buddhist, 5
Plantation economies, 97
Plantation economy, American, 82
Plantation labor, 149
Plow, 61
Pointe-Noire railway, 166, 209
Political development, African, 47, 113–135
Political independence, 27, 260–261, 268, 276–279
Political structures, 44
Polygamy, 253
Ponty, William, 257
African, 97–98
American, 86
Asian, 97
Japanese, 98
Poro brotherhood, 239
Port Sunlight, 180
Porto-Novo, Dahomey, 139
Portugal, 82, 85–86, 136, 138, 186, 191, 196, 200, 212, 235
Islamic conquest of, 53
Portuguese colonial education, 244, 249
Portuguese colonialism, 167–168, 206, 244
Portuguese Guinea, 156, 186, 206
Portuguese traders, 58, 60, 76–77, 80, 109–111, 132
Postlethwayt, Malachi, 75
Poverty theory, viscious circle of, 28
Pre-colonial epoch, 103
Pre-feudal societies, 35
Priests, 240
Principle of contradiction, 261, 276
Principle of quantitative/qualitative change, 5–6
Process of change, 39
Procter & Gamble, 183
Produce Marketing Boards in Africa, 168–171, 264
Protestant churches, 256
Public health services, 17, 206–207
Puerto Rico, 193
Punjabis in British military, 187
Pygmies, 33
Qualitative changes, 5–6, 42, 135, 137
Quantitative/qualitative change, principle of, 5–6
Queen Sister, 227
Raccah, 216
Racism
anti-semetic, 88–89, 196, 200, 249
white, 10, 21, 88, 125, 138, 141, 150, 176, 219, 228, 249, 272, 277
Rain-Queen, 227
Ralli Bros., 157
Ras (provincial princes), 51
Raw materials, 136, 156–157, 159–160, 171, 173–175, 177, 181, 191–193, 197, 218, see also Agricultural raw materials; Natural resources
Red Army, 197
Red Sea, 50
Religion, 35–36, 39, 45, 47, 50, see also Catholic Church; Christianity; Islam
as an aspect of the superstructure, 35, 114
Religious beliefs, 126
Renaissance, Italian, 122
Republic of Guinea, 80, see also Guinea
Republic of Sudan, 56
Resources
Réunion, 97
Reverse lend-lease, 171
Revolts, slave, 8
social, 68
Revolutionary War, American, 87, 121
Revolutionary principles, 13
Rhine River, 247
Rhodes, Cecil, 65, 152, 163, 246
Rhodesia, 65, 163, 165, 233, see also Northern Rhodesia; Southern Rhodesia
Rhodesian Copper Belt Companies, 153
Rickets, 237
Rio Muni, 249
Robertsfield Airfield, 198
Rockefeller, John D., Sr., 255
Roman Empire, Holy, 8, 53, 119
Romanovs, 46
Rommel, Field Marshal, 189
Rothschilds, 195
Rozwi clan, 67–68
Rubber industry, 192–193
Rucart, Marc, 170
Rufisque, 142
Rugby, 259
Rujugira, Mwami of Rwanda, 126–127
Rulani cattlemen, 45
Rulers
paramount, 226
traditional, 226–227
Runciman, Walter, 168
Rumania, 24
Russia, 11–13
Rwaabugiri, Mwami of Rwanda, 126
Rwanda-Urundi, 244
Sabi River, 65
Sahara desert, 34, 45, 55, 57, 59, 61, 77
role in European military of, 189
trade routes in, 43
St. Louis, 142
St. Mark’s, 259
Saint Matthew, 21
St. Paul’s, 259
Samuri, Japanese, 6
Sandhurst Military Academy, 260
Sandringham, 247
Säo Tomé, 82
Sarraut, Albert, 257
Satellites, economic, 25, 76, 114
Savannah country, 56
Scholars, bourgeois, 83, 90, 103
Scholarship
African, 70
bourgois, 227
Schools
Schweitzer, Albert, 250
biological, 101
Scientific devices, Chinese, 5
Scientific knowledge, 40, 78, 173
Scientific research, 174–175, 221
military, 175
SCOA, see Société Commerciale Ouest Africaine
Scott, Francis, 154
Scramble for Africa, 114, 137–138, 140, 152, 191, 253, 256
SDOM, see Financial Societies for the Development of Overseas Territories
Second World War, 7, 158, 167, 175, 179, 196, 277
African roles in, 186–189
Asian Front of, 186
Self-help schools, 265–266, 271–272
Senegal, 54, 56, 59–60, 77, 100, 155–156, 234
colonial education in, 244
role in European military of, 188
Senghor, Leopold, 135
Serfs, 6–8, 36–37, 39, 60, 117–118, 123, 132
Russian (muzhik), 49
Services, social, 17, 205–210, 214
Seville, Spain, 85–86
Shaka, 128–133
Shambala people, 98
Shango (religious cult), 117
Shell Oil, 229
Shepherds, 55, see also Pastoralists
Shinnie, Margaret, 70
Ship of the Sahara (camel), 57, 59
Shipping companies, 161–164, 168, 176, 190
Ships, slave, 77, 80–81, 83, 107, 111, 143
Shona-speaking dynasty, 67
Siemens open-hearth system, 177
Sierra Leone, 17, 42, 58, 77, 110
African return to, 143
colonial education in, 239, 242, 248, 263
during colonialism, 153, 166, 169, 177–178, 181, 187, 218
role in European military of, 186
Sierra Leone Grammar School, Mfantsipim (Ghana), 260
Sikhs in British military, 187
Silent trade, 57–58
Simon, Henry, 257
Sins of Our Fathers, 81
Slave artisans, 62
Slave Coast, 81–82
Slave colonies, West Indian, 87
Slave labor
African, 82–92
Egyptian, 65
Slavemaster/slave social relations, 8
Slave mines, 78
Slave plantations,
Cuban, 79
French, 84
Slave raiding, 59, 98–100, 105, 116–117, 119
Slave revolts, 8
in China, 38
in India, 38
in the Indian Ocean, 89
in the United States, 87–88
in the West Indies, 86–87
Slaves, chattel, 60
Slave ships, 77, 80–81, 83, 107, 111, 143
Slaves in the Maghreb, 55
within Africa, 59–60, 105–106, 116–119
East African, 97
European, see European slave trade
Slave traders
African, 80–81, 99–100, 105–106
Sloan (author), 281
Smith, Adam, 13
Smith Mackenzie (company), 156, 211
Social development, 4, 10, 12, 35, 39, 64, 66, 149
Social formations, 34, 36, 38–39, 45, 47, 54, 60, 63, 125, 128
Socialism, 7, 11–13, 24, 197, 224, 226
in Asia, 12
development of, 35
in Eastern Europe, 12
Socialist countries, 15, 23–24
Social relations, 7–8, 13, 36, 127, 216, 255
of production, 41
Social services, 17, 205–210, 214
Social stratification, 44–46
Social violence in Africa, 57, 95, 98–99
Société Commerciale Ouest Africaine (SCOA), 155–156, 158, 190, 211
Societies, 33
Chinese, 5
Society of Reformist Ulema, 266, 272
Sofala, 66
Sokoto, Sultan of, 226
Sokoto empire, 133
Solomonic dynasty, 50
Somaliland, 196
Somali pastoralists, 238
Somali Youth League, 275
Songhai, 56–57, 59, 61, 68, 133
South Africa, 16, 20, 26, 88, 152, 200, 246, 276
colonial education in, 250
during colonialism, 163, 167, 191–192, 196, 206, 218, 233, 238
see also Union of South Africa
South American silver, 83
during colonialism, 151–153, 245
South Vietnam, 27
Soviet historians, 261
Soviet Union, 11, 17, 23, 108, 195–197, 213, 258, 277
Islamic conquest of, 53–54
Spanish Armada, 247
Spanish Guinea, 274, see also Guinea
Sparta, 120
Specialization, 13, 42–43, 47, 61
Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd., 163–164
Standard of living, 24, 150–151, 255
States
rise of, 46
stratification of, 44
Steam, age of, 179
Steel industry, 177
Sterling reserves, 171
Strait of Gibraltar, 54
Subsistence economies, 43
Sudan, 139, 172, 234, 266, 274
independence of, 276–277
role in European military of, 187
see also French Sudan; Mahdist Sudan; Republic of Sudan
Sukumaland (Tanganyika), 158
Sultan (Egypt), 49
Sunlight soap, 180
Sunni Islam, 54, see also Islam Superstructure, 9, 35, 134
capitalist, 176
of Ethiopian Empire, 50
religion as an aspect of the, 35, 114
Swiss Trading Company, 182
Syrians in West Africa, 154–155
Szentes, Tamas, 29
Tabora Secondary School (Tanzania), 260
Taghaza (region), 57
Tananarive, Madagascar, 243
Tanganyika
colonial education in, 243, 247–248, 256, 269, 271
during colonialism, 151, 153, 157–158, 164, 167, 200, 207, 218–219, 233–234, 237
role in European military of, 187
Tangier, Morocco, 76
Tanzania, 16, 62, 65, 98, 100, 108, 123–124
Taxation, colonial, 164–165, 169, 241–242
Taxes, 19, 46, 49, 185, 265, 269–270
Technological arrest, 104–105
Technological base of industry, 86
Technology, 4, 13, 61, 104, 114, 194
Chinese, 9
development of, 8, 10, 39, 44, 49
European, 78, 84, 103–108, 118, 179
Temple of Zimbabwe, 64
Ten Year Plans (British), 214
Territorial expansion, 57
Thompson, Thomas, 142
Tigrean ruling class, 50
Times (London), 141
role in European military of, 187
Tokugawas of Japan, 46
Tomba (Baga leader), 80
Toure, Ahmed Sekou, 95, 276, 280
Toure, Samori, 133
African, see African trade
Egyptian, 49
European, see European trade
Indian, 104
international, 15, 75–82, 111, 114, 164–173
pre-colonial, 230
slave, see Slave trade
Trade goods
African, see African trade goods
European, see European trade goods
Trade routes
Indian, 176
Sahara desert, 43
Traders
Arab, 66–68
Dioulas, 58
Portuguese, 58, 60, 76–77, 80, 109–111, 132
Trade union movement, 276–277
Trade zone, free, 191
Trading companies
Dutch, 84
European, 154–161
Traditional rulers, 226–227
Tran (Vietnamese dynasty), 69
Transfer of technology, 105–108, 140
Transfer of wealth, 75
Trans-Saharan trade, 58–59, 112
Transvaal, Lovedu of, 227
“Tribalism”, 227–229
Tuberculosis Commission of 1912, 207
Tudors, 46
Tunis, Bey of, 225
colonial education in, 244
Turkish rule of Egypt, 48
Tutsi clan of Rwanda, 126
Twentsche Bank, 190
Twentsche Overseas Trading Co., 157
UAC, see United Africa Company
Ubuhake, 127
colonial education in, 242–243, 273
during colonialism, 153, 157, 159–160, 234
Mailo land settlement of, 229
Uganda Legislative Council, 264
Umkhonto, 130
Underdeveloped countries, 15–26
Underdevelopment, 13–29, 33, 283–284, 286
UNESCO, 245
Unilever House, London, 182
Unilever Ltd., 156, 170, 181–185, 190, 211
Union Minière de Haute-Katanga, 153
Union of South Africa, 152, 167, 181
United African Company (UAC), 155–159, 162, 168–170, 181–182, 211
United Kingdom, 16–17, 84, see also British Isles; England; Great Britain
Economic Commission for Africa of, 230
Survey of Economic Conditions in Africa by, 20
United States, 14, 16–17, 23–24, 27, 154, 168, 171, 179, 181, 184–185, 190–196, 212–213
United States Steel Export Company, 192
Universities
American, 103
British, 103
Islamic, 242
University College in Salisbury, 245
University education, 245
University of Fez, 240
University of Ghana, 245
University of Khartoum, 245
University of Timbuktu, 240
Upper Guinea, 105, 110–111, 114
colonial education in, 256
Upper Senegal River, 57
Van der bergh (company), 181, 184–185
Vansina, Jan, 146
Vassals, 49
Venda people, 250
Vicious circle of poverty theory, 28
Viet people, 37
Vietnamese dynasties, 69
Vietnamese people, 172
Vikings, 35
Visram, 216
Voice of America, 26
Volta River Dam (Ghana), 108
Von Lettow, Colonel, 200
Vy Vato society, 274
Wage, living, 150
Walata, 59
War boys, 117
War chiefs, 117
Ware, Opoku, 107
Watt, James, 78
Wealth, 19
production of, 46
transfer of, 75
Wealth of Nations (Smith), 13
Weapons, 41, 51, 77, 81, 103, 106, 108, 118, 121, 130, 132, 137, 179
Webster, J. B., 146
West Africa, 58, 165, 176, 181, 184, 192, 211
history of, 143
Lebanese in, 154–155
role in European military of, 187–188
Syrians in, 154–155
see also, British West Africa; French West Africa
West African Cocoa Control Board, 168, 170–171
West African Currency Board, 171, 174, 210
West African Frontier Force, 186
West African Lines Conference, 162
West African Product Board, 169
West African Regiment, 187–188
Western democracy, 10, 12, 89, 196
Western Nigeria, 115
Western Sudan, 33, 48, 55, 59, 61, 64, 68, 110, 112, 119, 225
development of, 56–61
feudalism in, 60–61
West Germany, 24
West Indian Regiment, 186
West Indian slave colonies, 87
West Indian slavery, 89, 253, 255
African return from, 143
role in European military of, 187
see also British West Indies; French West Indies
Westminster Bank, 162
Wheeled vehicles, 61
White racism, 10, 88, 125, 138, 141, 150, 219, 228, 249, 272, 277
Wigglesworth and Company, 157
“Wild West”, 87
William Ponty (Senegal), 260
Winchester (public school), 259
Windmills, 49
Windsor Castle, 247
Woddis, Jack, 280
Women
in colonial Africa, 227
in pre-colonial Africa, 55, 121, 226–227
Work bee, 39
World War I, see First World War
World War II, see Second World War
Worms et Compagnie, 211
Yaba College, 245
Yam Festivals, 117
Yao people, 221
Yoruba of Ife, 115–119
Young Communists, 258
Zagwe dynasty, 50
Zambia 16–17, 37, 100–101, 108
Zulu army, 130–131
Zwide, 132–133