INDEX

A. Baumann (company), 157

Abeokuta (state), 116–118, 139

Abidjan, Ivory Coast, 27, 230

Abomey, Dahomey, 139

Accra, Ghana, 27, 99, 110, 230

Achimota College, 245, 260

Adamawa, Cameroon, 59

Adandozan, King of Dahomey, 108

Afganistan, 35

Africa

feudalism in, 6, 38, 46–47, 78, 133

neo-colonial, 27, 260

as original home of man, 4–5

African achievements, 34–35

African agriculture, 38, 40, 56, 124, 153–154, 180, 234

African ancestral religions, 35, 253

African art, 35, 120–122, 132, 186

African barkcloth, 42, 62–63, 124

African cloth, 42–44, 57, 103–104, 107, 110, 117, 121–122, see also African barkcloth; African Kente cloth; African palm cloth

African cultures, 34–35, 47

African dance, 35

African economy, 23, 25, 27, 43, 103–113

development of, 41–43

African gold, 57–59, 66, 77, 83–84, 99, 109–110, 112, 152–153, 191–192, 207, 212, 218, see also Gold mining in Africa; Gold trade

African history, 8, 56, 69–71, 240

African independence, 261, 268, 276–279

African Kente cloth, 107

African labor, 23, 93, 149–158, 160–163, 165, 261

African languages, 249–251, 256–257

African Mercantile, 157

African military development, 113–135

African nationalism, 56, 113, 222

African palm cloth, 42, 111

African peasants, 8, 10, 154–161

African political development, 47, 113–135

African potential, 20, 52

African religions, 35, 64

African resources, 25, 27, 149, 153, see also Natural resources

African scholarship, 70

African slave labor, 82–92

African slave trade, 59–60, 105–106, 116–119

African slave traders, 80–81, 99–100, 105–106

African societies, 14, 34, 36–38, 40–41, 44, 46, 79, 98, 113–135, 173, 253

African technology, 52, 104, 108, 231

African trade

external, 23, 66, 86, 104–105, 192, 230

internal, 43, 46, 57, 59, 110–112, 124, 230

with Europe, 23, 101–113

see also Trans-Saharan trade

African trade goods, 20, 42–43, 58, 76–77, 84, 97, 101, 103–104, 110–113, 117, 141–142

African trade networks, 109–113, 124

African traders, 58–59, 144

African Trading Company, 211

African wage labor, 149–163, 165, 261

African wealth, 14, 22–23, 27

Afro-Portuguese middlemen, 105

Age-grades, 37, 39, 132–133

Age of Electricity, 173, 179

Age of Steam, 179

Aggrey, J. E. K., 263

Agricultural development in Africa, 40–41, 66

Agricultural economy, 16

Agricultural education, 251–252, 264, 269, 270–271

Agriculturalists, 18, 45, 47

Agricultural labor, 149, 151, 154, 158, 220

Agricultural laborers, 49, 220–221

Agricultural raw materials, 157–159

Agriculture, 16, 18–19, 44, 99–100, 219

in Africa, 38, 40, 124, 153–154, 180, 219, 234

in China, 5

in Europe, 41

systems of, 40

unscientific, 18, 251

Ahmadu, Ahmadu, 133

Air bases, 198

Aja states, 120

Ajaye (state), 116–118

Ajayi, J. Ade, 70, 146

Akan (state), 37, 58, 109, 112, 119

Akhamme class, 55

Akinjogbin, I. A., 146

Akron, Ohio, 193

Alafin of Oyo, 115, 120

Al-Azhar University, 240

Albania, 285

Alexandria, 49

Algeria, 17, 54–55, 225, 272

colonial education in, 244, 266

during colonialism, 151, 186, 206, 225, 258

Algerian liberation movement, 188, 200

Algiers, Algeria, 231

Allada, 120

Alliance Française, 256, 259

Alliance High School (Kenya), 260

Almohad dynasty, 54

Almoravid dynasty, 54

Alpers, E., 146

Alps, 247

Ama-Mthethwa clan, 133

Ama-Ngoni clan, 129, 132

Amazons of Dahomey, 121

Ama-Zulu clan, 128–133

American Civil War, 87

American colonies, 86–87

American Constitution, 90

American economic development, 87

American Indians, 78, 82–83, 88–90, 103, 194, 233

American investment, 193–195

American plantation economy, 82

American propaganda, 26

American Revolutionary War, see American War of Independence

American slave trade, 86–87

American War of Independence, 87, 121

Amharic culture, 50

Amharic dynasty, 33, 51

Amharic ruling class, 50, 68

Amin, Samir, 29

Amsterdam, Holland, 69–70, 83

Ancestral beliefs, 35–36, 253

Angola, 45, 80, 99–100, 109, 111, 114, 144

during colonialism, 186, 191, 206, 212, 218

Angolan Diamond Company, 170

Animal husbandry, 40

Ankoli pastoralists, 238

Ankole region, 62, 123, 125–126

Anthropologists, European bourgeois, 37, 70

Antimony mining, 55

Anti-Semitism, 88–89, 196, 200, 249

Antonio, José, 249

Apartheid, 20, 26

Aqueducts, 49, 66

Arabia, 48, 139, 143

Arabic language, 249

Arabic script, 140

Arab rule of Egypt, 48

Arabs in Zanzibar, 143, 155

Arab slave trade, 95, 97, 143

Arab traders, 66–68

Aristocrats, 6

Arms technology, 108, 175, see also Firearms

Army, French, 187–188

Africans in the, 144

Army, Japanese feudal, 7

Aro traders, 105

Art, African, 35, 120–122, 186

Art historians, 35

Artisans, 5, 9, 51, 62, 231

Arusha Declaration, 209

Aryans, 63

Arzila, 76

Asante (state), 102, 107, 119, 144, 225, 227, 235

Asantehene of, 120, 226

Asia, 16–17

communalism in, 6, 41

feudalism in, 50, 61, 116

Asian businessman, 155

Asian cloth, 104

Asian modes of production, 38

Asian societies, 14

Asian wealth, 14

Askari, 187

Assegai, 130, 132

Assimilados and Assimilées, 247

Association of West African Merchants, 170

Aswan Dam, 108

Atavism, 227

Atlantic islands, African slaves in, 96

Atlantic slave trade, see European slave trade

Atlas mountains, 247

Atomic bombs, 179

Attucks, Crispus, 89

Austria, 50, 181

Australia, 17, 35

Automobile industry, 193

Awdaghast, 57

Axim, 111

Axum, Kingdom of, 50

Ayandele, E. A., 146

Ayyubid dynasty, 49

Azhar University, 49

Azikiwe, Nnamdi, 280

Babito dynasty, 122–123

Babito kingdom, 122–125

Babu, A. M., 283–288

Bachwezi people, 62, 122–125

Bachwezi states, 68

Baganda people, 42

Baga people, 80

Bahima pastoralists, 62, 122–125

Bahinda pastoralists, 122–123, 125

Bahuta cultivators, 125–126, 128

Bairu cultivators, 62

Balanta people, 98

Bambuk goldfields, 58

Banco di Napoli, 163

Banco di Roma, 163

Banco Ultramarino, 163

Bandung Conference, 277

Banking services, colonial, 161–164

Bank of British West Africa, 162–163

Bank of Indochina, 162

Bank of West Africa, 170

Banque commerciale de l’Afrique (BCA), 162–163

Banque de l’Afrique Occidentale (BAO), 162–163

Banque de Senegal, 162

Bantu Education Act of 1953, 250, 270

Bantu-speaking people, 65, 67, 222

Bantu speech, 63, 125, 128

BAO, see Banque de l’Afrique Occidentale

Barclay, Alexander, 85

Barclay, Davis, 85

Barclays Bank, 85, 163–164, 215

Barclays DCO, 163

Barclays Dominion and Colonial, see Barclays DCO

Barkcloth, African, 42, 62–63, 124

Barotseland (southern Zambia), 101

Barter, dumb or silent, 57–58

Barter system, 43, 124

Basutoland, 238

Basuto people, 238

Bathurst town, Gambia, 243

Batutsi pastoralists, 125–128, 238

Batwa people, 125–126, 128

BCA, see Banque Commerciale de l’Afrique

Bechuanaland, 163

Bead industry, 43

Beecher report, 265

Beira fort, Mozambique, 144

Belgian colonial education, 244, 250

Belgian colonialism, 153, 167, 172

Belgian Congo, 179, see also Congo

Belgium, 138, 153, 181, 186, 212

Bemba people, 36, 98, 239, 246

Benda (measurement), 58

Ben Bella, Ahmed, 287

Benguela fort, Angola, 144

Benin (state), 68–70, 80, 102–103, 109–110, 115, 225

Benin, Oba of, 82, 121

Benin bronzes, 35

Benin guilds, 43

Benue River, 60

Berbers, 39, 53–54, 57, 68

Beriberi, 237

Berlin, Germany, 186

Berlin Conference, 144

Bernal, J. D., 28

Bessemer process, 177–178

Bevin, Ernest, 213

Bible, 21

Bigo, 62

Bilad as Sudan (Land of the Blacks), 56

Biological sciences, 101

Biru, 127

Black Scotsmen, 248

Blantyre Mission, 248

BNCI, 162

Boahen, A. A., 146

Boer settlers, 100, 191, 196, 249

Bohemia, 184

Bokassa, Colonel, 276

Books, illuminated, 50

Bordeaux, France, 85, 159

Boston, Massachusetts, 87

Bourbons, 46

Boure goldfields, 58

Bourgeois economists, 21

Bourgeoisie, 7, 10, 39, 51

Bourgois scholars, 83, 90, 103

Bourgois scholarship, 227

Bovill, E. W., 58

Bozo fishermen, 33

Brain drain, 18

Brass industry, 43, 47, 52, 55

Brazil, 7, 29, 82, 99, 177

Brazzaville, 153, 278

Brevié, Governor General (French West Africa), 257–258

British and French West Africa Bank, 163

British Board of Trade, 168

British capitalism, 82, see also European capitalism

British Colonial Development and Welfare (CD & W), 197

British colonial education, 245, 248, 251, 267

British colonialism, 149–173

British Colonial Office, 241

British Cotton Growing Association, 170

British East Africa, 166, 168, 187, 210

British education, 257, 259

British gold coin, 84

British industry, 84, 86, 104–106

British Isles, 9, 101, 206, see also England; Great Britain; United Kingdom

British military, 175, 186–187

British Ministry of Food, 170–171

British Parliament, 19, 168

British royal family, 247

British Trade Union Council, 276

British West Africa, 156, 163, 170

British West Indies, 82–83, 86

Brong, 37

Bronze industry, 43

Bronzes, 35, 47, 78, 121

Brussels, 218

Brooke Bond, 159

Brutality, 14

Buddhists, 5, 50

Bugabo United Schoolboys Association, 266

Buganda kingdom, 62, 101, 124–125, 159, 226–227, 229

Buhan & Teyssere, 155

Bunyoro (state), 62–63, 122, 124

Bunyoro-Kitura (state), 61–62, 64, 122–125

Bureaucrats, Chinese, 5, 7

Burma, 38, 50, 228, 276

Burns, Alan, 272

Burundi, kingdom, 123, 125–126, 128

Bushmen, 67

Busia, Kofi, 246

Busoga, 123

Byzantine empire, 53

Cabral, Amilcar, 230, 273

Cadbury, John, 170

Cadbury Brothers, 159, 168, 170

Cairo, Egypt, 49

Calabar, 108

Calories per day, 17

Cambridge University, 183

Camels, 57, 59

Cameron (Governor of Tanganyika), 248

Cameroon, 17, 59–60, 187–188, 280

Canada, 16, 181, 190

Canary Islands, 82

Cape Colony, 163

Cape of Good Hope, 76, 82–83, 97

Cape Lahou, 111

Cape Province, 88

Cape Three Points, 111

Capetians, 69

Cape Verde, 82, 110–111

Capitalism, 7, 9–13, 25–27, 35, 39, 106, 108, 201, 216–218

British, 82

class relations of, 10, 39

development in Europe of, 83–90

European, see European capitalism

French, 85

international, 24, 136

Japanese, 106

military aspects of, 173–180

social evils of, 135

Capitalism and Slavery (Williams), 85

Capitalist class, 8–10, 20

Capitalist development, 12, 104–113

Capitalist economy, 10, 87, 135–136, 149, 161–164, 193–195, 199, 208, 287

Capitalist farmers, 41

Capitalist imperialism, 24, 135

Capitalist investments, see Foreign investment

Caravels, 84

Caribbean, 11

Carthage, 53

Casely-Hayford, J. E., 33

Cash-crop economy, 251, 263

Cash-crop farming, 157–160, 165–166, 168–169, 215, 220, 222, 232, 235, 261

Castes, 44, 62, 125–128

Castles, 52

Catholic church, 50, 196, 244, 249 256

Cattle, 45, 56–57, 62–66

Cattleherding, 46, 132

Cattlemen, 45, 55

CD & W, see Colonial Development and Welfare

Centra, 181, 185

Central Africa, 187

Central African Federation, 268

Central African Republic, 276

Central American silver, 83

Cereal growing, 40, 51

Ceremonies, 36

Ceuta, 59, 75, 110

Ceylon, 41

CFAO, see Compagnie Française d’Afrique Occidentale

CGT, see Communist Union

Chad, 18, 156, 166, 182, 221

Chambers of Commerce, 213

Changamire, 134

Change, principle of quantitative/qualitative, 5–6

Charlemagne, 129

Charles II, King of England, 84

Chemical industries, 173

Cheshire, England, 156, 184

Chilembwe, John, 188–189, 254, 266, 275

China, 12, 41, 48, 67, 81, 108, 224, 277

artisans in, 5, 9, 122

development of, 11

early man in, 5

feudalism in, 50

Mandarin, 122

slavery in, 38

Chinese bureaucrats, 5, 7

Chinese land distribution, 9

Chinese society, 5, 9

Chinese technology, 9

Chivalry, 6

Cholera, 102

Chou En-lai, 259

Christian churches, 26, 89, 252–253

Christian education, see Missionary education

Christianity, 35, 50, 64, 252–253

in Ethiopia, 50

in Nubia, 51–52

Chunya, 219

Churches, 35, 52

Christian, 26, 89, 252–253

independent, 254, 266, 275

Cincinnati, Ohio, 183

Circassian invaders of Egypt, 48

Circumcision, 37, 239

Civilisados, 247

Clairemonte, F., 91

Clans, 36–37, 45–46, 54, 62

Clark, Grover, 201

Class consciousness, 8, 68

Class contradiction, 39, 51

Classes, 8, 13, 36, 51

ruling, 8, 44, 46–47

Class relations, 46, 118–119

of capitalism, 10, 39

of feudalism, 10

Cloth

African, see African cloth

African Kente, 107

Asian, 104

bark, 42, 62–63, 124

Indian, 103–104

palm, 42, 111

Cloth-making, 42–104

Clyde River, 235

Coats of mail, 51

Cochrane, Vice Admiral (U.S. Navy), 192–193

Cocoa, 158–159, 161, 170–172, 177, 192, 234, 268

Cocoa Control Board, West African, 168, 170–171

“Cocoa hold-up”, 168

Coffee, 158, 161

Colonial administration, 164–173

Colonial Bank, 163

Colonial banking services, 161–164

Colonial Development and Welfare (CD & W), 213–215

Colonial education, 238–275

Algerian, 244, 266

Belgian, 244, 250

British, 245, 248, 251, 267

French, 247, 251, 256–257, 263

Portuguese, 244, 249

results of, 261–275

Colonial governments, 150–151

Colonialism, 22, 27, 34, 38, 118–119, 172, 201, 215, 261

Belgian, 153, 167, 172

British, 149–173

development of, 135–145

German, 190

Portuguese, 244–249

socio-economic services under, 205–223

Colonial period, 26, 79, 89, 101, 103, 113, 149–173

Colonial taxation, 164–165, 169, 241–242

Colonies

British, 151, 155

subjugation of the, 26

Colonists, European, 40

Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire, 237

Communalism, 7, 11–12, 36–39, 41–42, 44–47, 60

in Africa, 36–39, 41–42, 44–47, 51, 54–55, 68, 115

in Asia, 6, 41

in Europe, 6, 37

Communism, 197

Communist Union (CGT), 276

Comoro Islands, 276

Compagnie Générale du Maroc, 159

Compagnie de Katanga, 153

Compagnie du Niger Français, 156

Compagnie Française d’Afrique Occidentale (CFAO), 155–156, 158–159

Compagnie Française de la Côte d’Ivoire, 156, 211

Compagnie Générale du Maroc, 159

Conference Lines, 161, 176

Confucian philosophers, 5

Congo, 16, 99, 114, 167

colonial education in, 244–245, 251

copper production in, 20

during colonialism, 153, 167, 172, 179, 181, 191, 195, 227

independence of, 278

see also Belgian Congo; Kongo

Congo Brazzaville, 165–166

Congo Free State, 191

Congolese Force Publique, 260

Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, 50

Conscription, 62, 144, 186–189

Constantine, Algeria, 231

Constitution, American, 90

Constitutions, 10

Contonou, 280

Contradiction, principle of, 261, 276

Convention People’s Party, 267

Cooperative societies, 158

Copenhagen, Denmark, 77

Copper, 20, 42–43, 69, 151, 153, 178

Copper exports, 178–179

Copper mining, 55, 57, 66

Coptics, 51

Corvée labor, 46

Costa Rica, 235

Cost of living, 150–151

Cotton cloth

African, see African cloth

Egyptian, 139

Cotton cultivation, 56–57, 159–160, 166

Cotton mills, 155

Cotton Price Stabilization Fund, 264

Cowry shells, 43

Cox, Oliver, 90

Craftsmen

in China, 9, 122

in Europe, 7

feudal, 39

foreign, 51

of the Maghreb, 55

Credit Lyonnais, 162

Credit to Natives (Restriction) Ordinance

of 1931, 210

Creech-Jones, Arthur, 172

Creoles of Sierra Leone, 141, 248

“Crown Land”, 154

Cuba, 78

Cuban slave plantations, 79

Cultivators, 39, 45, 48–49, 55, 60, 62, 64, 125

Bahuta, 125–126, 128

Hausa, 45

Kaffa, 33

Mandinga, 45

Cultural imperialism, 34, 69, 238–261

Culture, 34, 47, 52, 117

Cultures, African, 34–35, 47

Currency Boards, see East African Currency Board; West African Currency Board

Curtin, Philip D., 91

Czechoslovakia, 18, 23, 108

Dahomey (state), 19, 36, 39, 81, 99, 102, 107–108, 110, 115, 119–122, 138, 156, 225, 234, 240, 276

Amazons of, 121

Dakar, Senegal, 142, 198, 214, 244

Dalgetty, Leslie & Anderson, 157

Dance, African, 35

Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika, 157

Davidson, Basil, 70, 146

De Beers Consolidated Mines, 152, 163, 171

De Brazza, 140

De Castro, Josue, 236

de Gaulle, General, 188, 278

Delagoa Bay, 132

Delamere (Lord), 151, 154

Delmas & Clastre, 155–156

Democracy, Western, 10, 12, 89, 196

Dengel, Legna (Emperor of Ethiopia), 107

Detroit, Michigan, 193

Developed nations, 15–18, 23, 285

Developing nations, 14, 283–285

Development

capitalist, 12, 104–113

economic, see Economic development

growth without, 234

human, 9, 12–13

social, 4, 10, 12, 35, 39, 64, 66, 149

theory of, 3–29, 33, 61, 68

Development Commission (Uganda), 216

Diagne, Blaise, 248

Dialectical evolution, 34

Diamang (company), 212

Diamonds, 152–153, 170, 191–192, 207, 212, 218

Dingizwago, 132–133

Dioulas, 58

Diseases, European, 78

Division of labor, 43–44, 47, 61–62, 117, 174, 234

in Chinese society, 5

international, 177–179, 219, 232

Djibouti, 198

Dobb, Maurice, 90

Dokpwe, 36, 39

Domino theory, 277–278

Donatism, 53

Du Bois, W. E. B., 86, 90, 176, 277

Duignan, Peter, 281

Dumb barter, 57–58

Durham University, 141

Dutch East Indies, 169, 193, see also East Indies

Dutch Reformed church, 196, 253

Dutch trading companies, 84

Dutch West Indian Company, 82, 111

Dravidians, 63

Dutch gold coin, 83

Earthworks, 62

East Africa, 17, 61–63, 229

British, 166, 168, 187, 210

during colonialism, 157, 159, 163, 187, 190, 211

Indians in, 155

role in European military of, 187, 200

slave trade from, 97

see also Interlacustrine Zone

East African Currency Board, 171, 174, 210

East African Estates Ltd., 154

East African lake kingdoms, 225

East African Syndicate, 154

East African Trading Company, 190

Eastern Interlacustrine States, politico-military

development of, 122–125

Eastern Trading Company, 211

East Germany, 17

East Indies, 190, see also Dutch East Indies

Eboue, Felix, 188, 267

École Normal Supérieure Rue d’Ulm, 259

Ecology, 40, 101

Economic Commission for Africa, 195

Economic Decade, Second, 283

Economic dependence, 25–26

Economic development, 4, 13, 18, 28, 100, 118, 283

in America, 87

in England, 82, 85, 101, 105

in Europe, 82–91, 100–105

Economic equality, 7, 12

Economic exploitation, 164–201

Economic satellites, 25, 76, 114

Economies, 16, 18, 22, 24, 43

Economists, 21, 82, 283

Economy

African, see African economy

agricultural, 16

American plantation, 82

capitalist, see Capitalist economy

industrial, 16, 18

international, 18

Russian, 11

Education, 26, 140

agricultural, 251–252, 264, 269, 270–271

British, 257, 259

Christian, see Missionary education

colonial, 238–261

European, 241, 246–247

Koranic, 240

missionary, 249, 252–253, 268

Moslem, 240, 266

pre-colonial, 239–240

university, 245

Educational pyramid, 245, 268

Egalitarian distribution, 12

Egalitarianism, 124

Egharevba, Jacob U., 146

Egypt, 8, 64, 68, 139, 143, 172, 225, 237

Circassian invaders of, 48

development of, 48–49

Egyptian art, 35

Egyptian cotton cloth, 139

Egyptian craftsmen, 49

Egyptian fabrics, 59

Egyptian merchants, 49

Egyptian slave labor, 65

Elder Dempster Lines, 162, 170

Electricity, age of, 173, 179

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 8, 247

El-Ksar-es-Seghir, 76

Embakasi airport (Nairobi), 210

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 84

Energy resources, 20

Engaruka, 63, 65

Engels, Frederick, 28, 288

England, 13, 85–86, see also British Isles; Great Britain; United Kingdom

English Navigation Laws, 84

Enugu, 150

Environment, 4, 21–22, 36, 40

Equality

in distribution, 38

economic, 7, 12

Equatorial Africa, 237

Espie, I., 70

Ethiopia, 17, 33, 48, 62, 68, 107, 116, 133, 196, 226

Christianity in, 50, 64, 114

communalism in, 51

feudalism in, 50–51

Hamites of, 125

monetary system of, 43

role in European military of, 189

Ethiopian army, 51

Ethiopian art, 35

Ethnic groups, 47, 60, 65–66, 79, 125

Étienne, Eugene, 256

Eton, 259

Europe

agriculture in, 41

communalism in, 6, 37

feudalism in, see Feudalism in Europe

European agricultural plantations, 8

European bourgeois anthropologists, 37, 70

European economists, 82

European education, 241, 246–247

European capitalism, 10–12, 78, 82–90, 95, 97, 106, 173–175, 193, 197, 217, see also Capitalism

European capitalist economy, 82–90

European colonial rule, see Colonialism

European communalism, 6, 37

European craftsmen, 7

European diseases, 78

European economy, 82–90

European economic development, 82–91, 100, 105

European exports, 76–77, 79

European history, 6, 9, 120

European industry, 42, 84, 86, 104–106

European knights, 6

European manufacturers, 159–160, 180–185

European merchants, 7, 70, 84, 86

European Middle Ages, 37

European nation-states, 145

European peasant class, 86, 210

European scholars, 96–97, 101

European ships, 44, 76–78, 84–85, 137, see also Slave ships

European slavery, 6–8, 37

European slave trade, 78–80, 82–86, 90, 95–105, 108, 111, 119, 155, 210–212, 231

European slave traders, 78–81, 96, 98

European technology, 78, 84, 103–108, 118, 179

European technological revolution, 173–180

European trade, 75–82, 84–87, 90, 103–104, 109–112, 114, 142

European trade goods, 42, 78–79, 86, 100, 102, 106–107, 111, 157, 231

European trading companies, 154–161

Évolués, 248

Evolution

dialectial, 34

internal, 38–39, 46

pattern of, 41

Exchange system, international, 76

Exploitation, 14, 21–22, 26, 33, 38, 49–50

Exports, European, 76–77, 79

Extended family, 36–37, see also Clans

Fabre & Frassinet, 159

Fabrics

African, see African cloth

Asian, 104

Egyptian, 59, 139

Indian, 103–104

Factors of production, 13, 37, 56

Factory system, 41–42

Fagan, B. M., 71

Faleme River, 57

Family 36, 44

Family communities, 37–38

Family labor, 55, 62

Family ties, 45

Famine, 99, 167, 235–237

protein, 17, 237

Fanon, Frantz, 26, 230

Fante, 37

Fante Confederation, 141

Farming

cash-crop, see Cash-crop farming

irrigated, 41

joint, 36

mixed, 40, 66

regulated swamp, 40

Farm labor, 149, 151, 154, 158

Farrell, James, 192

Farrell Lines, 150, 192

Fascism, 34, 196, 200

Fatimid dynasty, 49

FEANF, see Federation of Students of Black Africa

Federation of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland, 268

Federation of Students of Black Africa (FEANF), 275

Fellahin, 49, 237

Ferry, Jules, 223

Feudal craftsmen, 39

Feudalism, 6–7, 10–11, 35–36, 38–39, 46

in Africa, 6, 38, 46–47

in Asia, 61, 116

in China, 9, 50

in Egypt, 48–49

in Ethiopia, 50–51

in Europe, 6–7, 9–10, 38, 46, 78, 86, 116, 149–150

in Western Sudan, 60–61

Feudal landlords, 8, 39, 41, 49

Fez, Morocco, 59

FIDES, 197, 213–214

Fieldhouse, D. K., 201

Financial Societies for the Development of Overseas Territories (SDOM), 215

Firearms, 77, 81, 103, 106, 108, 118, 121, 137, 179, see also Arms Technology

Firestone, Harvey, 193

Firestone Rubber Company, 154, 192–193

First World War, 144, 156, 170

African roles in, 187

Fishermen, 33, 39, 45, 56

Flag independence, 279

Fodio, Uthman dan, 133

Folk music, 26

Foncin, Pierre, 259

Forced Labor Convention, 166

Ford, Henry, 193

Foreign investment, 22–25, 136, 152, 210–211, 284

American, 193–195

Fourah Bay College, 141, 245, 260

Four Year Plan (French), 197

France, 11, 13, 16, 23–24, 37, 53, 84–86, 89–90, 136, 139, 189, 193, 196–197, 235

feudalism in, 46

Vichy, 188, 196, 200

Frank, A. Gunder, 29

Freedom of the press, 10

Free French, 188, 260

Frelimo, 205

French Army, 187

Africans in the, 144

French Assembly, 267

French capitalism, 85

French colonial education, 247, 251, 256–257, 263, see also Alliance Française

French Equatorial Africa, 157, 165–166, 188, 242

colonial education in, 267

see also Central African Republic; Chad; Congo Brazzaville; Gabon

French Ministry of Colonies, 197

French Ministry of Education, 197

French National Assembly, 75

French North Africa, 242

French Parliament, 259

French Revolution, 89, 121, 223, 256

French slave plantations, 84

French Sudan, 157, 166

French West Africa, 156, 163, 170, 242, 263, 277

colonial education in, 242, 257–258

French West Indies, 86

Frescoes, 52

Fry (English manufacturer), 159

Fulani herdsmen, 33, 56

Furtado, Celso, 29

Futa Djalon, 57–59

Gabon, 19, 167, 250

Gahindiro, Mwami of Rwanda, 126–127

Gailey and Roberts, 157

Galla pastoralists, 33, 238

Gambia, 58, 82, 155, 234, 237, 243

Gambia River, 58, 110, 235

Gann, L. H., 281

Gao, 59

Garvey, Marcus, 277

Gasoline, 49

Gathering societies, 4

Gauls, 37

Gaza, Mozambique, 139

G. B. Ollivant (trading firm), 182

Genoa, Italy, 86

Geologists, 66

Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 275

German colonialism, 190

German Democratic Republic, 105

German East African Bank, 164

German military, 175, 187

German West Africa Line, 162

Germany, 13, 84–86, 118–119, 136, 168–169, 181, 189–190, 193, 196, 200

Gezo, King of Dahomey, 138

Ghana, 16, 37, 56–59, 61, 108–109, 153, 159, 206, 246

colonial education in, 242

independence of, 268, 277

Gill, Richard T., 28

Glasgow, Scotland, 156

Glass industry, 43

Glele, King of Dahomey, 139

Goa, India, 244

Godding, Mr., 172

Gold

African, see African gold

Brazilian, 99 see also Gold mining

Gold Coast, 77, 82, 99, 276

colonial education in, 243, 263, 267–268

during colonialism, 151, 158–159, 168, 172, 177–178, 182, 208, 234–235

trade, 109–111, 158–159, 172

Gold Coast forts, 144

Gold coins, 77, 83–84

Goldfields, 58, 207

Gold mining

in Africa, 57–58, 66, 99, 152–154, 207, see also African gold

in Central America, 76, 83

in South America, 76, 83

Gold trade, 57–59, 98–99, 110–113

Gordon, General, 140

Gordon College (Sudan), 245, 260

Gorée, 142

Graduates General Congress, 266

Great Britain, 11, 13, 136, 139, 168–169, 186, 189, 193, 196, 235

military of, 175, 186–187

see also British Isles; England; United Kingdom

Greater Antilles Islands, 82

Great Zimbabwe, 65, 67

Greek scripts, 58

Grogan, Colonel, 165

Groton, 259

Groups, 3–4, 9, 13

Guadeloupe, French West Indies, 247

Guatemala, 235

Guevara, Ché, 3, 287

Guilds, 42–43, 240

Guinea, 56, 58–59, 80, 153, 172

colonial education in, 249

independence of, 277–278

see also Portuguese Guinea; Republic of Guinea

Guinea-Bissau, 79, 98, 206

Guinea coast, 42, 84

Guinea coin, 84

Gulf Oil, 229

Gunboat policy, 179

Gungunhana (Nguni ruler), 139

Guptas of India, 46

Haiti, 247

Hafsid dynasty, 54

Hailey (Lord), 280

Hamburg, Germany, 77, 200

Hamites of Ethiopia, 125

Handicraft industries, 55, 231

Hannibal, 129

Harlem, Holland, 69

Harratine, 55

Harrow, 259

Hausaland, 42, 58–59, 133

Hausa cultivators, 45

Hausa people, 229

Hawkins, John 83, 247

Health services, public, 17, 206–207

Hendon Police School, 260

Herding, 38

Herdsmen

Fulani, 33, 56

Khoi Khoi, 128

Herero people, 200

Hindus, 50

Hispaniola, 78

Historians

art, 7

Soviet, 261

History

African, 8, 56, 69–71, 240

Chinese, 9

conspiracy theories of, 255

European, 6, 9, 120

Hitler, Adolf, 196, 249

Hobsbawm, E. J., 28, 90

Ho Chi Minh, 287

Hoe-culture, 234

Hohezollerns, 46, 69

Holland, 17, 70, 85–86, 235

Holland West Africa Line, 162

Holt, John, 169

Holy Roman Empire, 8, 53, 119

Home and Colonial, 184

Horn of Africa, 45

Houphouet-Boigny, 279

Huberman, Leo, 90

Human development, 9, 12–13

Human groups, 9, 13

Human organization, 7, 180

Human sacrifice, 121

Human society, 4, 10, 34, 37

superstructure of, 7

Hunter-gatherers, Khoisan, 33

Hunters, 45

Hunting, 4, 7, 11

Hunton, W. Alpheus, 149, 201, 277

Hut Tax War, 187

Hydraulic works, 41

Hydrogenation, 183

Hydrologists, 66

Ibadan, 116–118, 207

Ibadan University, 245

Iberia, 54

Iboland, 225–226

Ibo people, 47, 229, 262–263

Id (Vietnamese dynasty), 69

Ife (state), 115

bronzes, 35, 121

Oni of, 121

Ijebu (state), 116

Imperialism, 12–14, 24, 25–28, 190, 201

development of, 135–145

military aspects of, 175

Income, 15, 19–20

Independence

African, 261, 268, 276–279

flag, 279

Independent churches, 254, 266, 275

Independent schools, 265–266, 271

India, 41, 50, 63, 67, 136, 139, 160

slavery in, 38

Indian cloth, 103–104

Indian culture, 63

Indian Ocean, 67, 76, 82, 196, 211, 230

Indians

in Africa, 155, 216, 244

American, 78, 82–83, 88–90, 103, 194, 233

Indian trade, 104

Individualism, 254–255

Indochina, 37, 48, 188, 276–277

Indonesia, 67

Industrialists, 7, 193

Industrial Revolution, 85, 90, 179

Industry, 16, 18–19, 42, 44

automobile, 193

brass, 43, 47, 52, 55

British, 84, 86, 104–106

bronze, 43

chemical, 173

Chinese, 5

European, 42, 84, 86, 104–106

handicraft, 55, 231

iron, 43, 177

Japanese, 106

rubber, 192–193

specialization of, 42

steel, 177

technological base of, 86

Inequality in distribution, 5, 39

Inequality in ownership, 6

Infrastructure, 206

Ingombe, Ilede, 66

Initiation, 34, 239

Initiation schools, 239, 270

Interlacustrine States, Eastern, 122–125