Group | Verb | Root | Suffix | Meaning |
Group I |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | ha | na' | su |
Romanization: | ha | na | su |
|
/hanas/ |
/u/ |
speak |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ki | ku' |
Romanization: | ki | ku |
|
/kik/ |
listen to |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | o | yo' | gu |
Romanization: | o | yo | gu |
|
/oyog/ |
swim |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ta' | tu |
Romanization: | ta | tsu |
|
/ta t/ |
stand up |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | u | ru' |
Romanization: | u | ru |
|
/u r/ |
sell |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | a | ra | u' |
Romanization: | a | ra | u |
|
/a ra w/ *1
| wash |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | si | nu' |
Romanization: | shi | nu |
|
/si n/ |
die |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | to | bu' |
Romanization: | to | bu |
|
/to b/ |
fly |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | yo' | mu |
Romanization: | yo | mu |
|
/yo m/ |
read |
Group II |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | mi' | ru |
Romanization: | mi | ru |
|
/mi/ |
/ru/ |
watch |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | o | ti' | ru |
Romanization: | o | chi | ru |
|
/o ti/ |
fall |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ne | ru' |
Romanization: | ne | ru |
|
/ne/ |
sleep |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | ta | be' | ru |
Romanization: | ta | be | ru |
|
/ta be/ |
eat |
suru |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | su | ru' |
Romanization: | su | ru |
|
/s/ |
/u ru/ |
do |
kuru |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ku' | ru |
Romanization: | ku | ru |
|
/k/ |
/u ru/ |
come |
Group | Plain present form | Polite present form |
Group I |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | ha | na' | su |
Romanization: | ha | na | su |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ki | ku' |
Romanization: | ki | ku |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | o | yo' | gu |
Romanization: | o | yo | gu |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ta' | tu |
Romanization: | ta | tsu |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | u | ru' |
Romanization: | u | ru |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | a | ra | u' |
Romanization: | a | ra | u |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | si | nu' |
Romanization: | shi | nu |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | to | bu' |
Romanization: | to | bu |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | yo' | mu |
Romanization: | yo | mu |
|
|
Group II |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | mi' | ru |
Romanization: | mi | ru |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | o | ti' | ru |
Romanization: | o | chi | ru |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ne | ru' |
Romanization: | ne | ru |
|
|
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | ta | be' | ru |
Romanization: | ta | be | ru |
|
|
suru |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | su | ru' |
Romanization: | su | ru |
|
|
kuru |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ku' | ru |
Romanization: | ku | ru |
|
|
The last hiragana of the present form | The last two hiragana of the past form | Description |
 /su/ "su"
|   /si ta/ "shita"
| /s/ + /i ta/ = /si ta/ (no change)
|
 /ku/ "ku"
|   /i ta/ "ita"
| /k/ + /i ta/ = /ki ta/, then it is changed to /i ta/
|
 /gu/ "gu"
|   /i da/ "ida"
| /g/ + /i ta/ = /gi ta/, then it is changed to /i da/
|
 /tu/ "tsu"
|   /Q ta/ "tta"
| /t/ + /i ta/ = /ti ta/, then it is changed to /Q ta/
|
 /ru/ "ru"
| /r/ + /ita/ = /ri ta/, then it is changed to /Q ta/
|
 /u/ "u"
| /w/*1 + /i ta/ = /wi ta/, then it is changed to /Q ta/
|
 /nu/ "nu"
|   /Nda/ "n da"
| /n/ + /i ta/ = /ni ta/, then it is changed to /N da/
|
 /bu/ "bu"
| /b/ + /i ta/ = /bi ta/, then it is changed to /N da/
|
 /mu/ "mu"
| /m/ + /i ta/ = /mi ta/, then it is changed to /N da/
|
Group | Present form | Past form |
Verb | Meaning | Verb | Meaning |
Group I |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | ha | na' | su |
Romanization: | ha | na | su |
|
speak |
|
spoke |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ki | ku' |
Romanization: | ki | ku |
|
listen to |
|
listened to |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | o | yo' | gu |
Romanization: | o | yo | gu |
|
swim |
|
swam |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ta' | tu |
Romanization: | ta | tsu |
|
stand up |
|
stood up |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | u | ru' |
Romanization: | u | ru |
|
sell |
|
sold |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | a | ra | u' |
Romanization: | a | ra | u |
|
wash |
|
washed |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | si | nu' |
Romanization: | shi | nu |
|
die |
|
died |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | to | bu' |
Romanization: | to | bu |
|
fly |
|
flew |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | yo' | mu |
Romanization: | yo | mu |
|
read |
|
read |
Group II |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | mi' | ru |
Romanization: | mi | ru |
|
watch |
 |  |
mi' | ta |
mi | ta |
|
watched |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | o | ti' | ru |
Romanization: | o | chi | ru |
|
fall |
|
fell |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ne | ru' |
Romanization: | ne | ru |
|
sleep |
 |  |
ne | ta' |
ne | ta |
|
slept |
Hiragana: |  |  |  |
Phonemes: | ta | be' | ru |
Romanization: | ta | be | ru |
|
eat |
|
ate |
suru |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | su | ru' |
Romanization: | su | ru |
|
do |
 |  |
si | ta' |
shi | ta |
|
did |
kuru |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ku' | ru |
Romanization: | ku | ru |
|
come |
 |  |
ki' | ta |
ki | ta |
|
came |
masu |
Hiragana: |  |  |
Phonemes: | ma' | su |
Romanization: | ma | su |
|
*1 |
|
*1 |