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To access the contents, click the chapter and section titles.
Complete Idiot's Guide to Linux
(Publisher: Macmillan Computer Publishing)
Author(s): Manuel Ricart
ISBN: 078971826x
Publication Date: 12/22/98
Index
Symbols
- & (ampersand), running jobs in background, 161
- [ ] (brackets) metacharacter, 160
- /etc/group database, 208
- /etc/passwd file, 208
- ! (exclamation mark) metacharacter, 160
- ? (question mark) metacharacter, 160
- * (star) metacharacter, 159
- /usr/doc directory and online documentation, 168-169
A
- absolute paths, shells, 124-125
- access
- CD-ROM and floppy, configuration file for, 71-72
- kdelnk files, 73, 75
- superuser KFM sessions, 70
- controlling for Web pages, 272-273
- access levels. See permissions mechanism
- accessibility of shells, 116
- accessing
- accounts
- creating after installing Linux, 303
- disabling, 261
- permissions mechanism, 178
- root, 131, 177
- CD-ROM, 76
- computers through networks, 199
- email, 97-98
- files, 30
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites, 96-97
- networks, 79
- overlapping windows, 26
- virtual consoles, 118
- Web, 93-95
- activating
- buttons, 14
- filename expansion with Tab, 126
- windows, 25
- Active Desktop Borders feature and virtual desktops, 45
- active windows, 25, 42
- Add Bookmark command (Bookmarks menu), 37
- adding
- groups, 212
- users, 174-175, 209-210
- adduser tool, 209
- ampersand (&), running jobs in background, 161
- Apache Web server, configuring, 271-272
- Application Launcher, adding applications to, 105
- kdelnk file, creating, 106-108
- kdelnk file, using, 108
- Application Starter command (K menu), 40
- applications
- description of, 13, 40
- downgrading, 237
- exiting, 50
- graphical font ends, 240
- help system, kdehelp viewer, 49
- hiding, 42
- installing, 235-236
- kvt, using, 117
- multiple, working with, 41
- non-RPM packages
- overview of, 240
- tar files, extracting files from, 241
- UNIX compressed archive files, extracting files from, 241-242
- Windows compressed archive files, extracting files from, 242
- querying database, 237-239
- restoring using Auto-restore feature, 48
- starting, 40-41, 48
- switching between, 42
- uninstalling, 237
- upgrading, 237
- verifying system, 240
- virtual desktops
- changing number of, 47
- configuring with Active Desktop Borders feature, 45
- customizing, 47
- Desktop Pager, 45
- sending application to other desktop, 44
- sharing applications across, 44
- switching between, 43
- apropos command, 165
- arrow keys, changing slider settings, 18
- Auto-restore feature, starting applications with, 48
- Autostart directory, starting applications automatically with, 48
B
- Back button (KFM toolbar), 32
- Backspace key, testing for proper configuration, 142
- backups
- dump command, 227-229
- extracting, files backed up with dump, 230-232
- files, selecting for, 220-221
- graphical programs, 232
- media for
- cartridge tapes, 218, 220
- CD-ROMs, 219
- digital audio tapes, 219
- disks, 217
- Iomega Jaz and Zip drives, 219
- magnetic tapes, 219
- travan tapes, 218
- overview of, 215-216
- programs for, 216
- simple backups, 221
- strategies for, 226
- tar utility
- extracting files from, 222-223
- extracting from devices, 225
- extracting into devices, 223
- extracting into floppy devices, 223
- extracting into tape devices, 224
- making tar files, 221-222
- spanning multiple disks or tapes, 225-226
- bash, default shell, 119
- bash (Bourne Again shell), 117
- bits
- setgid, 181
- setuid, 181
- sticky, 181
- Bookmark menu commands, Add Bookmark, 37
- bookmarks, creating, 37
- books as help sources, 172
- boot manager configuration area, LISA, 249
- booting in single-user mode, 227
- Bourne Again shell, 117
- Bourne shell, 116
- brackets ([ ]) metacharacter, 160
- browser window, features of, 94-95
- BRU2000 (graphical backup program), 232
- building
- kernels, 278-279
- locate database, 193
- whatis database, 166
- buttons
- check box type, 15
- radio type, 15
- slider type, 16
- tab type, 16
- uses of, 14
C
- C shell, 117
- cal command, 189-190
- calculating tape drives capacity, 228
- Caldera Web sites
- OpenLinux, 311
- PC Card Support, 321
- sound card compatibility, 342
- calendar, printing, 189-190
- cartridge tapes and backups, 218, 220
- case sensitivity, 119
- cat command, 137-138, 198
- cd command, 123
- CD-ROM
- accessing, 76
- configuring system to allow user access to, 71-72
- kdelnk files, 73, 75
- superuser KFM sessions, 70
- CD-ROM drives
- parallel port, supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 313
- supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 311-312, 320
- changing
- directories, 123
- files and folders user group, 67
- groups, 177
- login names, 211
- passwords, 186
- permissions, 178, 180
- personal information, 187
- secondary group memberships, 211
- shells, 186
- chat script, 87
- check boxes, 15
- chfn command, 187
- chmod command, 178, 180
- choice lists, working with, 17
- chsh command, 186
- clicking with mouse, 14
- clipboard, 58
- clock, configuring when installing Linux, 302
- Close button, 25
- closing windows, 28
- color display of file types, 122-123
- command aliases, viewing, 130
- command groups
- description of, 152
- redirecting and, 156
- command line
- programs, syntax for, 119
- shells, 116
- UNIX command prompt, 116
- working with Linux using, 115
- command multipliers, vim, 146
- commands
- apropos, 165
- Bookmark menu, Add Bookmark, 37
- built-in information, 167
- cal, 189-190
- cat, 137-138, 198
- cd, 123
- chfn, 187
- chmod, 178, 180
- chsh, 186
- cp, 132
- date, 188-189
- dump, 227-229
- Edit menu
- Copy, 57
- Cut, 58
- Paste, 58
- File menu
- Open, 53-54
- Save As, 57
- Save versus Save As, 55
- find, 191-192
- fmt, 197
- gpasswd, 212
- grep, 194-195
- groupadd, 212
- head, 139
- history list, 160
- id, 176
- info, 170-171
- K menu, 40
- less, 138
- ln, 136
- locate, 193-194
- logout, 126
- ls, 120-123
- man, 164-166
- menus, using, 16-17
- mkdir, 130
- mt, 224-225
- mv, 133
- passwd, 186
- pwd, 120
- restore, 230-232
- rm, 130
- rm -R, 131
- rmdir, 131
- setfont, 199
- shutdown, 127
- sort, 196
- split, 198
- stringing series of, 151-152
- stty program, 142
- su, 176
- tail, 139
- tar
- extracting from devices, 225
- extracting into devices, 223
- extracting into floppy devices, 223
- extracting into tape devices, 224
- simple backups and, 221-223
- spanning multiple disks or tapes, 225-226
- telnet, 199
- touch, 129-130
- umask, 181-182
- updatedb, 193
- userdel, 211-212
- usermod, 210-211
- View menu
- Long View, 35-36
- Show Tree, 35
- whatis, 166
- whereis, 167
- who and w, 187
- compiling kernels, 281, 283
- composing email messages, 100
- compressed files
- extracting files from, 241-242
- reading, 169
- computers
- rebooting, 127
- restarting, 19
- shutting down, 127
- turning off, 19
- configuration file for disks
- enabling regular users to access, 71-73
- kdelnk files, 73, 75
- superuser KFM sessions, 70
- configuring
- console, 199
- kernels, tools for, 280-281
- terminals, stty program, 142
- connecting to networks, 79
- debugging connection, 89
- dialup configuration, adding, 83, 85-87
- kppp, using, 80, 83
- local network, using, 90-91
- modem device, configuring, 88-89
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), using, 80
- consoles
- configuring, 199
- exiting, 126
- graphic, 117
- logging in, 118
- restarting computers from, 126
- virtual, accessing, 118
- context-sensitive menu, KFM, 63-64
- controls for windows, 24-25
- copying
- directories, 132
- files, 60, 76, 132
- text, 57-58
- counting lines, words, and characters, 195
- cp command, 132
- csh (C shell), 117
- cursors, types of, 13
- customizing
- KDE
- applications, adding to or removing from Panel, 109
- applications, adding to Panel or Application Launcher, 105-108
- Control Center settings and, 110
- options for, 109
- kernels, 277-278
- Open panel, 54
- virtual desktops, 47
- Cut command (Edit menu), 58
D
- daemon services, configuring, 304
- data backups
- BRU2000 (graphical program), 232
- cartridge tapes, 218, 220
- CD-ROMs, 219
- digital audio tapes, 219
- disks, 217
- extracting files backed up with dump, 230-232
- files, selecting for, 220-221
- graphical programs, 232
- Iomega Jaz and Zip drives, 219
- magnetic tapes, 219
- overview of, 215-216
- programs for, 216
- simple backups, 221
- strategies for, 226-229
- tar utility, 221-226
- travan tapes, 218
- date and time, viewing and setting, 188-189
- date command, options for, 188-189
- debugging connection with kppp, 89
- default file mode, 181-182
- defaults
- shell options, making the, 123
- shells, 119
- defragmenting disk prior to partitioning, 294
- deleting
- directories, 131
- files, 62, 130-131
- folders, 62
- users, 211-212
- Desktop Pager and virtual desktops, 45
- desktops, 10-12
- device icons, configuring, 74
- devices
- extracting files from, 225
- extracting files into, 223
- IDE-SCSI, 327
- mouse pointing, 321
- spanning multliple, 225-226
- dialog box windows, 23
- dialog boxes, Display Settings, 47
- dialup configuration, adding with kppp
- DNS servers, 85-86
- gateway, configuring, 86
- IP settings, 83, 85
- login script, using, 87
- digital audio tapes (4mm) and backups, 219
- directories
- /usr/doc, 168-169
- changing, 123
- copying, 132
- creating, 130
- deleting, 131
- listing remotely, 122
- moving, 133
- opening, 33
- selecting for backup, 220-221
- disabling accounts, 261
- disk free (df) command, monitoring disk using, 259
- disk space, requirements to install Linux, 293
- disk usage (du) program, monitoring disk using, 258-259
- disks
- CD-ROM, accessing, 76
- configuration file for
- kdelnk files, 73, 75
- superuser KFM session, 70
- configuration file for, 71-73
- copying files to or from floppies, 76
- monitoring, 258-259
- mounted versus unmounted, 69
- opening and saving files to floppies, 76
- preparing new floppies, 77
- sharing within networks, 273-275
- Display Settings dialog box, 47
- displaying information, 175
- DNS settings, configuring, 85-86
- documentation on Linux, 164
- documents, navigating, 145
- double-clicking with mouse, 14
- downgrading applications, 237
- downloading files from FTP sites, 267-268
- dragging with mouse, 14
- drivers, making active when installing kernels, 286
- drives supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3
- CD-ROM, 311-312
- CD-ROM IDE, 320
- CD-ROM parallel port, 313
- IDE, 320
- laptop floppy, 319
- tape, 328-329
- XT hard, 341
- dump command
- examples of, 229
- syntax for, 227
- tape capacity, 228
- dump utility, 226
E
- Edit menu commands
- Copy, 57
- Cut, 58
- Paste, 58
- editing
- files, 144-145
- text, 57
- Emacs. See also XEmacs
- modes, 148
- overview of, 142
- email
- accessing, 97-98
- composing messages, 100
- reading, 99
- emptying Trash (KFM), 63
- enhanced C shell, 117
- environment variables, 125
- ergonomics and Linux, 115
- errors, logging in, 10
- /etc/group database, 208
- /etc/passwd file, 208
- ethernet cards supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 314-318
- exclamation mark (!) metacharacter, 160
- Execute permissions, 66
- exiting
- applications, 50
- consoles, 126
- vim, 146
- exporting NFS volumes, 264
- extracting files
- backed up with dump, 230-232
- from devices, 225
- from tar files, 241
- from UNIX compressed archive files, 241-242
- from Windows compressed archive files, 242
- into devices, 223-224
F
- FDDI cards supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 318
- fdisk, installing Linux
- partitions, creating, 299
- saving changes to partitions, 300
- file extenstions, 56
- file group, 37
- file list components, 35
- file group, 37
- file owner, 37
- file size, 36
- last change, 36
- permissions, 37
- File menu commands
- Open, 53-54
- Save As, 57
- Save versus Save As, 55
- file owner, 37
- file size, 36
- file systems, 69
- file type indicators, 120
- file types, color display of, 122-123
- filename expansion, activiting with Tab key, 126
- filenames, 29
- files
- accessing, 30
- changing the group of, 67
- copying, 60, 132
- creating, 52, 129-130, 144-145
- deleting, 62, 130-, 131
- downloading from FTP sites, 267-268
- editing, 144-145
- finding, 191-192, 194-195
- htpassword, creating, 273
- joining, 198
- KDE templates, 68
- kdelnk, 41
- KFM, 31
- linking, 61
- listing, 120-122
- locating, 193-194
- managing with context-sensitive menu, 63-64
- moving, 133
- moving to the Trash, 62
- naming, 29, 56
- opening, 33-34, 53-54
- pathnames, 30
- reading, 137-139
- renaming, 64
- replacing, 61
- retrieving from the Trash, 63
- saving, 53, 55-56
- selecting, 38
- selecting for backup, 220-221
- setting permissions, 65-67
- sharing for projects, 182-183
- sharing over networks, 263
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 266-270
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 271-273
- NFS (Network File System), 264-266
- splitting, 198
- tar, 241
- UNIX compressed archive, 241-242
- uploading to FTP sites, 269
- Windows compressed archive, 242
- working with, 51
- find command, 191-192
- finding files, 191-192, 194-195
- fips program, running, 294
- flags, 119
- floppy devices, extracting files into, 223
- floppy disks
- backups and, 217
- configuring system to allow user access to, 71-72
- kdelnk files, 73, 75
- superuser KFM sessions, 70
- copying files to or from, 76
- creating for multiboot system, 295
- opening and saving files to, 76
- preparing new, 77
- floppy drives supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 319-320
- floptical disks and backups, 217
- fmt command, 197
- folders
- changing group of, 67
- creating, 59-60
- deleting, 62
- KDE templates, 68
- linking, 61
- managing with context-sensitive menu, 63-64
- moving to the Trash, 62
- opening, 33
- renaming, 64
- replacing, 61
- retrieving from the Trash, 63
- selecting, 38
- setting permissions, 65-67
- forcing exit, 19
- formatting
- text, 197
- under Linux and UNIX, 201-203
- Forward button (KFM toolbar), 32
- frame relay cards supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 318
- free program, monitoring memory using, 252
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites
- accessing, 96-97
- connecting to, 266
- downloading files from, 267-268
- hosting FTP service, 269-270
- msd (Microsoft System Diagnostics), 290
- navigating, 267
- Red Hat, 240
- uploading files to, 269
- ftp command, 266
- functions, 175
G
- gateway, configuring, 86
- general network services configuration, 248
- gpasswd command, managing group files with, 212
- graphic consoles, 117
- graphical backup programs, 232
- graphical font ends, 240
- graphical user interface (GUI) and desktop, 11
- grep command, 194-195
- groff formatter, 201-203
- group, changing, 67
- groupadd command, 212
- groups
- adding, 212
- changing, 177
- managing files, 212
- permissions mechanism, 182-183
- GUI (graphical user interface) and desktop, 11
- gzip files, extracting files from, 241-242
H
- hard drives supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3
- IDE, 320
- XT, 341
- hard links, 135
- hardware
- backups, 216
- identifying prior to installing Linux, 290-291
- inventorying prior to installing Linux, 292
- minimum requirements for installing Linux, 292-293
- unsupported, 342
- hardware configuration area (LISA), 246
- head command, 139
- Help button (KFM toolbar), 33
- Help sources
- /usr/doc, 168-169
- applications, kdehelp viewer, 49
- apropos command, 165
- books, 172
- built-in command information, 167
- GNUs info system, 170-171
- UNIX manual pages, 164-166
- USENET, 171-172
- whatis command, 166
- whereis command, 167
- hiding applications, 42
- history list, 160
- Home button (KFM toolbar), 32
- home directories
- moving, 210
- permissions mechanism, 178
- host table configuration, 248
- hosting FTP service, 269-270
- HOWTO documents, 169
- htpassword files, creating, 273
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- Apache server, configuring, 271-272
- controlling access, 272-273
I
- Iconify button, 24
- iconifying windows, 26
- icons, 13
- id command, 176
- IDE drives supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 320
- IDE-SCSI devices supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 327
- identifying hardware prior to installing Linux, 290-291
- IMAP (Interactive Message Access Protocol), 97
- inetd program and network services, 270
- info system (online documentation), 170-171
- inodes, 122
- input and output
- interconnecting, 157-158
- redirecting
- command groups, 156
- STDERR stream, 156
- STDOUT stream, 153, 155
- Installation Source Selection, installing Linux, 300
- installing
- applications, 235-236
- kernels
- LILO, configuring, 284-285
- making drivers active, 286
- new modules, installing, 283
- Linux
- building boot and modules floppies, 295
- cautious autoprobing, 297
- changing LISA setup, 296-297
- changing partition panel, 299
- clock, configuring, 302
- daemon services, configuring, 304
- first account, creating, 303
- identifying hardware, 290-291
- Installation Source Selection, 300
- inventorying hardware, 292
- Kernel Module Manager, 298
- language selection, 296
- LILO boot manager, configuring, 303-304
- minimum requirements for hardware, 292-293
- mouse type, configuring, 302
- multiboot system, 293-294
- Network settings, 301-302
- overview of, 289
- partitions, creating, 299
- previously saved configurations, 296
- printer, selecting, 302
- root partition, creating, 300
- root password, setting, 303
- saving changes to partitions, 300
- starting install, 296
- steps for, 290
- X-server, selecting, 301
- X Windows, configuring, 304-306, 308-309
- Interactive Message Access Protocol (IMAP), 97
- interconnecting input and output, 157-158
- interface cards supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 313
- Internet, 84
- Internet Protocol (IP), 84
- Internet service provider (ISP), 80
- inventorying hardware prior to installing Linux, 292
- Iomega Jaz and Zip drives and backups, 219
- IP (Internet Protocol), 84
- IP settings, configuring, 83, 85
- ispell program, 149
J-K
- jobs
- killing or suspending, 162
- working on multiple using shells, 161-162
- joining files, 198
- K Desktop Environment. See KDE
- K File Manager. See KFM
- K menu commands, Application Starter, 40
- KDE (K Desktop Environment)
- Auto-restore feature, 48
- Autostart directory, 48
- components of, 11-12, 22
- customizing
- applications, adding to or removing from Panel, 109
- applications, adding to Panel or Application Launcher, 105-108
- Control Center settings and, 110
- options for, 109
- description of, 9-10, 12
- email access using, 97
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) site access using, 96-97
- help system, 49
- kvt application, using, 117
- Mini Command Line, 81
- news reader, 101
- virtual desktops
- changing number of, 47
- configuring with Active Desktop Borders feature, 45
- customizing, 47
- Desktop Pager, 45
- sending application to other desktop, 44
- sharing applications across, 44
- switching between, 43
- Web access using, 93-94
- KDE applications, working with, 52
- KDE Control Center, options for customizing using, 110
- KDE Floppy Formater, 77
- KDE templates, 68
- kdehelp viewer, accessing, 49
- kdelnk files, 41, 106-108
- KEdit text editor, 13
- Kernel Module Manager, 298
- kernels
- building, reasons for, 278-279
- compiling, 281, 283
- configuring, 280-281
- customizing, 277-278
- installing
- LILO, configuring, 284-285
- making drivers active, 286
- new modules, installing, 283
- testing, 286
- keyboard, configuring for X Windows, 305
- KFM (K File Manager)
- bookmarks, creating, 37
- file list, 35
- components, 36
- file group, 37
- file owner, 37
- file size, 36
- last change, 36
- permissions, 37
- files
- changing group of, 67
- copying, 60
- deleting, 62
- linking, 61
- moving to the Trash, 62
- renaming, 64
- replacing, 61
- retrieving from the Trash, 63
- selecting, 38
- setting permissions, 65-67
- folders
- changing group of, 67
- creating, 59-60
- deleting, 62
- linking, 61
- moving to the Trash, 62
- renaming, 64
- replacing, 61
- retrieving from the Trash, 63
- selecting, 38
- setting permissions, 65-67
- network awareness of, 93
- overview of, 31
- tree view, 35
- URLs and, 31
- windows, 31
- KFM context-sensitive menu, 63-64
- KFM toolbar buttons, 32
- KFM window, launching, 70
- kill command, monitoring processes using, 257
- killing jobs, 162
- kmail, email access using, 97
- knews, reading mail using, 101
- Korn shell, 117
- kppp
- connecting to networks using
- Configuration window, 80
- New Account window, 83
- debugging connection, 89
- dialup configuration, adding
- DNS servers, 85-86
- gateway, configuring, 86
- IP settings, 83, 85
- login script, using, 87
- modem device, configuring, 88-89
- ksh (Korn shell), 117
- kvt application, using, 117
L
- language selection when installing Linux, 296
- laptop floppy drives supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 319
- last command, monitoring log files using, 260
- lastb command, monitoring log files using, 261
- LDP (Linux Documentation Project), 169
- less command, 138
- LILO (Linux Loader), configuring when installing kernels, 284-285
- LILO boot manager, configuring after installing Linux, 303-304
- linking files and folders, 61
- links
- creating, 136
- description of, 61, 94
- hard, 135
- symbolic, 134
- Linux, installing. See installing, Linux
- Linux Documentation Project (LDP), 169
- Linux Installation and System Administration. See LISA
- Linux newsgroups, 172
- LISA (Linux Installation and System Administration)
- boot manager configuration area, 249
- cautious autoprobing, 297
- changing setup for installation, 296-297
- functions of
- Software Package Administration area, 245
- system analysis, 244-245
- system configuration area, 246
- kernels, customizing with, 277
- network configuration area, 247-248
- overview of, 243
- system configuration area, 246-247
- listing
- directories remotely, 122
- files, 120-122
- lists, working with, 17
- ln command, 136
- local network, connecting to Internet using, 90-91
- locate command, 193-194
- locate database, building, 193
- locating files, 193-194
- log files, monitoring
- last command, 260
- lastb command, 261
- logging in
- consoles, using, 118
- errors, 10
- logging out, 19
- login names, changing, 211
- login script, using, 87
- logout command, 126
- Long View command (View menu), 35-36
- ls command, 120
- color display of file types, 122-123
- listing directories remotely, 122
- options, 121-122
M
- magneto-optical disks and backups, 217
- man command, 164-166
- managing group files, 212
- match any letter metacharacter (?), 160
- match anything metacharacter (*), 159
- match in a range metacharacter ([ ]), 160
- Maximize/Restore button, 25
- media for backups
- cartridge tapes, 218, 220
- CD-ROMs, 219
- digital audio tapes, 219
- disks, 217
- Iomega Jaz and Zip drives, 219
- nine-track magnetic tapes, 219
- overview of, 217
- travan tapes, 218
- memory
- monitoring, 252-253
- requirements to install Linux, 293
- menus, working with, 16-17
- metacharacters. See regular expressions
- Microsoft System Diagnostics (msd), identifying hardware using, 290
- middle-clicking with mouse, 14
- Mini Command Line, KDE desktop, 81
- mini HOWTO documents, 169
- mkdir command, 130
- modal editors, 144
- modem device, configuring with kppp, 88-89
- modes, Emacs, 148
- modifying users, 210
- modules, installing when installing kernels, 283
- monitors, configuring for X Windows, 306
- monitoring
- disks, 258-259
- log files, 260-261
- memory, 252-253
- overview of system for, 251
- processes
- kill command, 257
- nicing, 258
- ps command, 256
- top program, 254-255
- mounting NFS volumes, 265-266
- mouse
- actions, 14, 38
- configuring for X Windows, 305
- pointing devices supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 321
- type, configuring when installing Linux, 302
- using, 13
- moving
- files and directories, 133
- files and folders to the Trash, 62
- home directories, 210
- text, 57-58
- windows, 27
- msd (Microsoft System Diagnostics), identifying hardware using, 290
- mt command, rewinding tapes, 224-225
- multiboot system, installing Linux in, 293
- building boot and modules floppies, 295
- cautious autoprobing, 297
- changing LISA setup, 296-297
- changing partition table, 299
- clock, configuring, 302
- daemon services, configuring, 304
- first account, creating, 303
- Installation Source Selection, 300
- Kernel Module Manager, 298
- language selection, 296
- LILO boot manager, configuring, 303-304
- mouse type, configuring, 302
- Network settings, 301-302
- partitions, creating, 294, 299
- previously saved configurations, 296
- printer, selecting, 302
- root partition, creating, 300
- root password, setting, 303
- saving changes to partitions, 300
- starting install, 296
- X-server, selecting, 301
- X Windows, configuring, 304-306, 308-309
- multiple applications
- hiding an application, 42
- switching between, 42
- virtual desktops
- changing number of, 47
- configuring with Active Desktop Borders feature, 45
- customizing, 47
- Desktop Pager, 45
- sending application to other desktop, 44
- sharing applications across, 44
- switching between, 43
- working with, 41
- mv command, 133
N
- naming files, 29, 56
- navigating
- documents, 145
- shells, using, 120
- Tab key, using, 18
- negate a range metacharacter (!), 160
- Netcraft Web site, 271
- Netscape Collabra, configuring system for, 101, 103
- Netscape Messenger
- composing email messages, 100
- configuring, 98
- email access using, 97
- reading email, 99
- Netscape Navigator
- Linux and, 94
- Web access using, 95
- netword-transparent file access, 31
- network access configuration, 248
- network configuration area (LISA)247-248
- network services, inetd program, 270
- Network settings, configuring when installing Linux, 301-302
- networks
- accessing, 79
- accessing computers through, 199
- connecting to, 79
- debugging connection, 89
- dialup configuration, adding, 83, 85-87
- kppp, using, 80, 83
- local network, using, 90-91
- modem device,configuring, 88-89
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), using, 80
- sharing disks and printers, 273-275
- sharing files over, 263
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 266-270
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 271-273
- NFS (Network File System), 264-266
- users
- adding, 209
- managing, 207-208
- New Account window, kppp, 83
- newgrp tool, 177
- news readers, configuring system for, 101, 103
- newsgroups, 171-172
- NFS (Network File System)
- exporting volumes, 264
- mounting volumes, 265-266
- nicing, monitoring processes using, 258
- nine-track magnetic tapes and backups, 219
- noclobber variable and redirecting streams, 154
- nodes, 171
- non-RPM packages
- overview of, 240
- extracting files from
- tar files, 241
- UNIX compressed archive files, 241-242
- Windows compressed archive files, 242
- number of virtual desktops, changing, 47
- numbers, setting as permissions, 178-180
O
- online help
- /usr/doc, 168-169
- apropos command, 165
- built-in command information, 167
- GNUs info sustem, 170-171
- UNIX man pages, 164-166
- USENET, 171-172
- whatis command, 166
- whereis command, 167
- Open panel
- customizing, 54
- navigating, 53
- opening
- files, 33-34, 53-54, 76
- folders, 33
- OpenLinux Web site, 311
- OS, installing Linux alongside, 293-294
- output, throwing away, 157
P
- packets, 84
- Panel
- adding and removing applications from, 109
- adding applications to, 105
- kdelnk file, creating, 106-108
- kdelnk file, using, 108
- panel on desktop, 11
- panel windows, 23
- parallel port CD-ROM drives supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 313
- partition table, changing when installing Linux, 299
- partitions
- creating for multiboot system, 294
- creating when installing Linux
- primary, 299
- root, 300
- swap, 299
- saving changes to when installing Linux, 300
- passwd command, 186
- passwords
- changing, 186
- guidelines for, 213
- logging in, 10
- shadow passwords, 213
- Paste command (Edit menu), 58
- PATH environment variable, 125
- pathnames for files, 30
- paths, relative and absolute, 124-125
- PC cards, Caldera Web site, 321
- performance monitoring, 251
- permissions
- description of, 37
- setting
- files and folders, 65-67
- with symbols, 179-180
- types of, 66
- permissions mechanism
- accounts, 178
- chmod command, 178, 180
- displaying information, 175
- groups, 182-183
- groups, changing, 177
- home directories, 178
- id command, 176
- overview of, 173
- root accounts, 177
- setting permissions as numbers, 178-180
- su command, 176
- umask command, 181-182
- users, 174-175
- personal information, changing, 187
- pipes
- description of, 122
- interconnecting input and output, 157-158
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), connecting to networks using
- debugging connection, 89
- description of, 85
- dialup configuration, adding, 83, 85-87
- Internet connections, adding, 80, 83
- modem device, configuring, 88-89
- Post Office Protocol (POP), 97
- PostScript and printing, 200
- PPP. See Point-to-Point Protocol
- pressing mouse button, 14
- printers
- selecting when installing Linux, 302
- sharing within networks, 273-275
- printing
- calendar, 189-190
- under Linux and UNIX, 200-201
- processes, monitoring
- kill command, 257
- nicing, 258
- ps command, 256
- top program, 254-255
- procinfo program, monitoring memory using, 252-253
- programming language and shells, 117
- programs, 40
- projects, sharing files for, 182-183
- ps command, monitoring processes using, 256
- pseudouser accounts, 178
- pwd command, 120
Q-R
- quarter-inch cartridge tapes and backups, 218
- querying database, 237-239
- question mark (?) metacharacter, 160
- radio buttons, 15
- radio modem/network cards supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 319
- RAM and swapping, 251
- Read permissions, 66
- reading
- email, 99
- files
- cat command, 137-138
- head command, 139
- less command, 138
- tail command, 139
- rebooting computers, 127
- recompiling, customizing with kernels, 278
- Red Hat FTP site, 240
- redirecting
- input and output
- command groups, 156
- STDERR stream, 156
- STDOUT stream, 153, 155
- streams, noclobber variable, 154
- Refresh button (KFM toolbar), 32
- regular expressions (REGEXs)
- brackets ([ ]), 160
- description of, 159
- exclamation mark (!), 160
- question mark (?), 160
- star (*), 159
- relative paths, shells, 124-125
- renaming files and folders, 64
- renicing, 256
- replacing files and folders, 61
- requirements for hardware when installing Linux, 292-293
- resizing windows, 27
- resolutions, selecting for X Windows, 308
- restarting computers, 19, 126
- restore command, 230-232
- restoring applications, 48
- retrieving files and folders from the Trash, 63
- rewinding tapes, 224-225
- rewritable CD-ROMs and backups, 219
- right-clicking with mouse, 14
- rm -R command, 131
- rm command, 130
- rmdir command, 131
- root accounts
- permissions mechanism, 177
- using, 131
- root partition, creating when installing Linux, 300
- root password, setting when installing Linux, 303
- RPM
- downgrading with, 237
- graphical font ends to, 240
- installing with, 236
- overview of, 235
- querying database, 237-239
- uninstalling with, 237
- upgrading with, 237
- uses of, 236
- verifying system, 240
S
- Save As command (File menu), 55, 57
- Save command (File menu), 55
- saving
- files, 53, 55-, 56, 76
- prior to logging out, 19
- scrollbars
- standard application windows, 23
- windows, 26
- SCSI adapters supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 321-326
- secondary group memberships, changing, 211
- security
- monitoring, 251
- passwords, 213
- users, managing, 207-208
- selecting
- files, 34
- folders, 33
- text, 18, 57
- sending application to other virtual desktops, 44
- serial boards supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 327-328
- servers, 271-272
- setfont command, 199
- setgid bit, 181
- setting permissions
- files and folders, 65-67
- as numbers, 178-180
- with symbols, 179-180
- setuid bit, 181
- sh (Bourne shell), 116
- shadow passwords, 213
- sharing
- applications across virtual desktops, 44
- disks and printers within networks, 273-275
- files for projects, 182-183
- files over networks, 263
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 266-270
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 271-273
- NFS (Network File System), 264-266
- shell commands, executing, 146
- shells
- accessibility of, 116
- activating filename expansion with Tab, 126
- case sensitivity of, 119
- changing, 186
- default, 119
- making options the defaults, 123
- navigating with, 120
- programming language and, 117
- relative and absolute paths, 124-125
- types of, 116
- working on multiple jobs using, 161-162
- shortcut keys
- Alt+Fn (virtual consoles), 118
- Alt+Tab (switch between applications), 42
- Ctrl+Alt+Backspace (force exit), 19
- Ctrl+Alt+Delete (restart computer from console), 126
- Ctrl+Alt+Fn (virtual consoles in KDE), 118
- Ctrl+C (kill job), 162
- Ctrl+Esc (switch between applications and desktops), 43
- Ctrl+Fn (view virtual desktop), 43
- Ctrl+Tab (switch between virtual desktops), 43
- Ctrl+Z (suspend job), 162
- Show Tree command (View menu), 35
- shutdown command, 127
- shutting down computers, 127
- simple backups, 221
- single-user mode, booting in, 227
- sites. See FTP sites; Web sites
- sliders
- changing settings, 18
- description of, 16
- smart UNIX commands, 167
- SMB (Server Message Block), 273-275
- sockets, 122
- Software Package Administration area (LISA), 245
- sort command, 196
- sorting lines of text, 196
- sound support and Linux, 282
- spell checkers, ispell, 149
- split command, 198
- splitting files, 198
- standard application windows, 22
- star (*) metacharacter, 159
- starting
- applications, 40-41, 48
- install, 296
- STDERR stream, 156
- STDOUT stream
- appending files, 155
- redirecting to files, 153
- Stick or Pin button, 24
- sticky bit, 181
- strategies for backups, 226
- dump command, 227
- examples of, 229
- extracting files backed up with dump, 230-231
- tape capacity, 228
- restore command, 232
- streams
- description of, 153
- STDERR, 156
- STDOUT
- appending files, 155
- redirecting to files, 153
- stringing series of commands, 151-152
- stty program, 142
- su command, 176
- subshells, 152
- superuser KFM sessions, configuring system for user access, 70
- suspending jobs, 162
- swapping, 251
- switching
- between applications, 42
- between desktops, 12
- between virtual desktops, 43
- symbolic links, 122, 134
- symbols, setting permissions with, 179-180
- syntax, command line programs, 119
- system, viewing who is logged into, 187
- system analysis (LISA), 244-245
- system configuration area (LISA), 246-247
T
- Tab key
- activating filename expansion with, 126
- navigating with, 18
- tabs, 16
- tail command, 139
- tape archive (tar) utility and backups
- extracting files from, 222-223
- extracting from devices, 225
- extracting into devices, 223
- extracting into floppy devices, 223
- extracting into tape devices, 224
- making tar files, 221-222
- spanning multiple disks or tapes, 225-226
- tape devices, 224-225
- tape drives
- capacity, calculating, 228
- SCSI and IDE supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 329
- supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 320, 328-329
- tar files, extracting files from, 241
- Task button (KFM toolbar), 33
- taskbar on desktop, 12
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), 85
- tcsh (enhanced C shell), 117
- Telnet, 103
- telnet command, 199
- templates (KDE), 68
- terminals, configuring, 142
- testing kernels, 286
- text
- copying, 57-58
- editing, 57
- formatting, 197
- moving, 57-58
- selecting, 18, 57
- sorting lines of, 196
- text editors
- modal, 144
- overview of, 141
- vim
- command multipliers, 146
- documents, navigating, 145
- executing shell commands, 146
- exiting, 146
- files, creating and editing, 144-145
- tutorial, accessing, 143
- XEmacs, 147-149
- text fields, 18
- text processing (UNIX)
- groff formatter, 201-203
- printing, 200-201
- throwing away output, 157
- title bars
- standard application windows, 23
- window controls and, 24
- token ring cards supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 319
- tool tips, 15
- tools, 40
- top program, monitoring processes using, 254-255
- touch command, 129-130
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), 85
- Trash (KFM)
- emptying, 63
- moving files or folders to, 62
- retrieving files or folders from, 63
- travan tapes and backups, 218
- tree view, 35
- turning off computers, 19
U
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 85
- umask command, 181-182
- Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), 31
- uninstalling applications, 237
- UNIX, text processing with
- groff formatter, 201-203
- printing, 200-201
- UNIX command promptf, 116
- UNIX compressed archive files, extracting files from, 241-242
- UNIX manual pages
- accessing, 164-165
- sections under Linux, 166
- Up button (KFM toolbar), 32
- updatedb command, 193
- upgrading applications, 237
- uploading files to FTP sites, 269
- URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 31
- USENET
- description of, 101
- online documentation source, 171-172
- Usenet Web site, 101
- user access to CD-ROM and floppy, configuring system to allow, 71-72
- kdelnk files, 73, 75
- superuser KFM sessions, 70
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 85
- User Private Groups (UPGs), permissions and, 183
- useradd tool, 210
- userdel command, 211-212
- usermod command, 210-211
- users
- adding, 174-175, 209-210
- deleting, 211-212
- functions, 175
- managing, 207-208
- modifying, 210
- roles of, 174
- /usr/doc directory and online documentation, 168-169
- utilities
- dump, 226
- word count (wc), 195
V
- variables
- environment (PATH), 125
- noclobber, 154
- verifying system, 240
- video cards
- configuring for X Windows, 306
- supported by XFree86 3.3.2 servers, 329-341
- View menu commands
- Long View, 35-36
- Show Tree, 35
- viewing
- command aliases, 130
- date and time, 188-189
- folders, 33
- who is logged into system, 187
- vim (text editor)
- command multipliers, 146
- documents, navigating, 145
- executing shell commands, 146
- exiting, 146
- files, creating and editing, 144-145
- overview of, 143
- tutorial, accessing, 143
- Web site, 147
- virtual consoles, accessing, 118
- virtual desktops
- changing number of, 47
- configuring with Active Desktop Borders feature, 45
- customizing, 47
- Desktop Pager, 45
- panel and, 11
- sending application to other desktop, 44
- sharing applications across, 44
- switching between, 43
- virtual memory, 252
- Visual Editor (vi), 141
W
- w command, 187
- Web, accessing
- KDE, using, 94
- Netscape, using, 95
- overview of, 93
- Web pages, controlling access to, 272-273
- Web sites
- Caldera
- OpenLinux, 311
- PC Card Support, 321
- sound card compatibility, 342
- Linux Documentation Project (LDP), 169
- Netcraft, 271
- Usenet, 101
- vim, 147
- XFree86, 341
- whatis command, 166
- whatis database, 166
- whereis command, 167
- who command, 187
- windowed environment, 21-22
- windows
- accessing overlapping, 26
- active, 25
- categories of, 22
- closing, 28
- controls, 24-25
- dialog boxes, 23
- KFM, 31
- moving, 27
- panel, 23
- resizing, 27
- scrollbars, 26
- standard application, 22
- Windows compressed archive files, extracting files from, 242
- word count (wc) utility, 195
- write-once CD-ROMs and backups, 219
X
- X-server, selecting when installing Linux, 301
- X Windows, 21-22, 304-306, 308-309
- xconfig options, 281
- XEmacs
- overview of, 147
- tutorial, accessing, 148-149
- XF86Setup program, 304
- completing configuration, 309
- keyboard, configuring, 305
- monitor, configuring, 306
- mouse, configuring, 305
- other configurations, 308
- resolutions, selecting, 308
- video card, configuring, 306
- XFree86 Web pages, 341
- XT hard drives supported by Caldera OpenLinux Release 1.3, 341
Y-Z
- zip files, extracting files from, 242
- zless tool, 169
- zsh (shell), 117
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