Table of Contents


Index

A

Abstract syntax, defined, 55
Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
basic encoding rules, 68–84
constructor/structured types, 56, 63–65
conventions, summary of, 59–60
defined types, 56, 65–67
definition of SNMP, 195–99
keywords, 56, 59
macros, 57
modules, 58–59
objects, defining, 60–61
primitive/simple types, 56, 61–63
role of, 55–56
rules, 59
tagged, 67–68
types and values, 56–57
Access control, verifying
with comunity name, 277–84
with comunity name and IP address, 285–89
ACCESS field for OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100
Accessing bridge parameters, with TELNET and SNMP, 414–32
Accounting management, 16–17
Addressing
Internet, 246–49
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, 263, 265
translation, 263
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 257, 263, 264–65
Address Translation group, MIB managed object, 108–9, 609
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), 154
architecture compared with OSI, 153–55
Host-to-Host layer, 241
Network Interface layer, 255
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), 22
Agent(s)
process, 6
proxy, 158, 213, 236
SNMP, 26
AGENT-CAPABILITIES macro, 209, 212
Alarm group, RMON, 409–12, 627–28
AppleTalk DDP, 223–24, 227
Appletalk protocols, 130
Application class, 72, 73
Application codes, SMI, 531–33
Application layer, 8
Application tags, 68
Application-wide type, 56, 65–67
ARCNET (Attached Resource Computer Network), 259–62
ARCNETPLUS, 259, 262
ARP. See Address Resolution Protocol
ARPA. See Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARPANET. See Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
Asante Technologies, Inc., IntraSpection, 35–37
ASN.1. See Abstract Syntax Notation One
Association Control Service Element (ACSE), 19, 25
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), 3
ATM group, MIB managed object, 117, 126, 128
AT&T, 1
Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCNET), 259–62
Attributes, 6
AUGMENTS clause, 208–9
Authentication, 237, 277
failure, 167–68
header, 167
messages, 158
scheme, 158
AutonomousType, 211

B

Basic Encoding Rules (BER), 55
See also Encoding
ASN.1, 68–84
Bay Networks, 26
BEGIN, 59
Bilingual manager, 236, 237
Bit ordering, 70
BITS, 206
BIT STRING type, 206
BMC Software, 30
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), 130
Bridge parameters, accessing with TELNET and SNMP, 414–32
Bridges, 130

C

Cabletron Systems, Inc., SPECTRUM, 37–39
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), 18, 115, 255
Case, Jeffrey, 201
Character streams, 130
CHOICE, 59, 65
Cisco Systems, Inc., 29, 30, 304–5
Class subfield, 71–72
CLNP. See Connectionless Network Protocol
Clock synchronization, 254
CMIP. See Common Management Information Protocol
CMISE. See Common Management Information Service Element
CMOL. See Common Management Information Protocol over LLC
CMOT. See Common Management Information Protocol over TCP/IP
Coexistence of SNMPv1 and SNMPv2, 236–37
Columnar object, 89–90, 164–65, 357
Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP), 12, 15
Common Management Information Protocol over LLC (CMOL), 19
Common Management Information Protocol over TCP/IP (CMOT), 22–23, 24–26
CMOT (OIM) group, MIB managed object, 115, 619
Common Management Information Service Element (CMISE), 25
Community
defined, 158
name, 158, 167–68
profile, 158, 167
Community names, verifying access control, 277–84
with IP address and, 285–89
Compaq Computer, 29, 30
Configuration management, 17
Conformance statements, SNMPv2, 212
Connectionless-mode Network Service (CLNS), 225
Connectionless-mode Transport Service (CLTS), 225
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP), 12
Connection-oriented Network Service (CONS), 225
Constructor types, 56, 63–65
Context-specific class, 72, 73
Context-specific encoding, 84
Context-specific tags, 68
Convergence Protocol Entity (CPE), 18
Counter, 65, 66
Counter type encoding, 83
Counter32 type, 205
Counter64 type, 206
CSMA/CD. See Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

D

Data Country Code (DCC), 86
Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP), AppleTalk, 223–24, 227
Data Link Control (DLC), 266
Data Link layer, 8, 10
Data Network Identification Code (DNIC), 86
Datapoint Corp., 259
Data types. See Types
DateAndTime, 211
DEC (Digital Equipment, Corp), 26, 255
DECnet Phase 4, 130
DEFINED, 59
Defined types, 56, 65–67
DEFINITIONS, 59
DEFVAL clause, 209
DEFVAL field for OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100, 101
DESCRIPTION clause, 205, 208
DESCRIPTION field for OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100, 101
Desktop Management Interface (DMI), 27
Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF), 26–27
Directory codes, SMI, 522
DISPLAY-HINT clause, 209–10, 229
DisplayString type, 61, 62, 211
DIX, 255
Dotted decimal notation, 163, 248
DS1/E1 group, 116, 117–19
DS3/E3 group, 116, 119–20

E

EGP. See Exterior Gateway Protocol
Encoding
context-specific, 84
Counter type, 83
Gauge type, 83–84
INTEGER type, 75–76
IpAddress type, 81–82
Length Field, 74–75
NULL type, 78–79
OBJECT IDENTIFIER type, 77–78
OCTET STRING type, 76
SEQUENCE OF type, 81
SEQUENCE type, 79–81
TimeTicks type, 84
Type Field, 70–74
Type-Length-Value, 69–70
Value Field, 75
END, 59
Enumerated integer type, 61
Errors, 136, 169–70, 172, 173–74, 216–18
Ethernet, 104–6, 255–56
SNMP used with IP, UDP, and, 265–74
Ethernet RMON MIB, 133–35, 622–23
alarm group, 134, 409–12, 627–28
event group, 134, 401–14, 640–41
filter group, 134, 635–37
history group, 134, 625–27
host group, 134, 629–31
hostTopN group, 134, 376–77, 631–33
matrix group, 134, 376–77, 385, 633–35
packet-capture group, 134, 638–40
statistics group, 134, 623–25
token ring group, 136–37, 641–60
Event, 155
Event notification, using ROM, 401–14
Experimental codes, SMI, 533–36
EXPORTS, 59
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), EGP group, MIB managed object, 113–14, 617–19

F

Fault management, 16
Fiber Data Distributed Interface (FDDI), 116, 262–63
Frame, defined, 165–66
Frame Relay, 3
DTE group, managed object, 116, 123–24
network service MIB managed object, 124–25

G

Gauge, 65, 66–67
Gauge32 type, 206
Gauge type encoding, 83–84
Generic interface extension, 130
GetBulkRequest PDU, 215, 218–19
GetNextRequest PDU, 84, 167, 168–69, 170–72, 181–87, 215
GetRequest PDU, 84, 167, 168–170, 179–81, 215, 265–74
GetResponse PDU, 84, 167, 168–69, 215, 265–74

H

Hewlett-Packard, 26
OpenView, 39–40
Hexadecimal notation (H), 72–73
High-level entity management system (HEMS), 22
Host-to-Host layer (ARPA), 154, 241

I

IAB. See Internet Activities Board
IANA. See Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IBM, 1, 26
ICMP. See Internet Control Message Protocol
IDENTIFIER, 59
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) network management
architecture, 18–19
802 standards, 18
802.2, 18, 19, 258
802.3, 18, 131, 255–56, 257–58
802.5, 18, 258–59
network management process, 7–8
protocol
IETF. See Internet Engineering Task Force
ifType definitions, 526–29
IMPLICIT, 68
IMPORTS, 59
INDEX clause, 65, 160–61, 164, 208
INDEX field for OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100, 101
InformRequest PDU, 215, 219
Instance, of a managed object, 169
InstancePointer, 211
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. See IEEE
INTEGER, 56, 59, 61
Integer-bitstring type, 61
Integer32 type, 205
INTEGER type encoding, 75–76
Intel, 26, 30, 255
Interfaces group, MIB managed object, 107–8, 606–9
International Standards Organization (ISO), 7
branch, 86–87
ISO 8824, xxii, 62, 68
ISO 8825, xxii, 75
ISO/IEC 7498–4, 12
ISO/IEC 9595, 12
ISO/IEC 9596–1, 12
International Telecommunications Unions (ITU-T), branch, 86
Internet
addressing, 246–49
background of, 22
layer (ARPA), 154
obtaining information on, 479–92
Internet Activities Board (IAB), 22, 24
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 88
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Echo/Echo Reply, 251–52
header, 249
ICMP group, MIB managed object, 111, 613–15
messages, 249–55
role of, 249
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 24
Internet Network Management Framework, 8, 21–26
Internet Protocol (IP), 23
address, 243–44, 246
datagram, 166, 243, 258
fragmentation, 244
header, 166, 244–46
IP group, MIB managed object, 109–10, 609–13
routing tables, 248–49
SNMP used with UDP and, 265–74
subtree, 97–99
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), Novell, 223
IntraSpection, 35–37
IP. See Internet Protocol
IpAddress, 56, 65, 66
IpAddress type encoding, 81–82
ISO. See International Standards Organization

J

Java Management Application Programming Interface (JMAPI), 29, 32–35

K

Keywords, ASN.1, 56, 59

L

LAN/MAN Management Protocol (LMMP), 19
LAN/MAN Management Protocol Entity (LMMPE), 18–19
LAN/MAN Management Service (LMMS), 18, 19
LAN/MAN Management User (LMMU), 18
LANs, proliferation of, 2
Latched value, 66
Layer Management Entity (LME), 15
Layer Management Interface (LMI), 14
Length field
encoding, 74–75
indefinite form, 74
long definite form, 74, 75
short definite form, 74
Lexicographical order, 171, 218
Lightweight Presentation Protocol (LPP), 25
Logical Link Control (LLC), 19, 258

M

MacAddress type, 211
McCloghrie, Keith, 201
Macros, ASN.1, 57
AGENT-CAPABILITIES, 209, 212
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, 209, 212
NOTIFICATION-GROUP, 212
NOTIFICATION-TYPE, 209
OBJECT-GROUP, 209, 212
OBJECT-TYPE, 60–61, 100–101, 206–9
TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, 209–10
Mail codes, SMI, 541
Managed objects, 6
Address Translation group, 108–9
ATM group, 126, 128
CMOT (OIM) group, 115
DS1/E1 group, 117–19
DS3/E3 group, 119–20
EGP group, 113–14
Frame Relay DTE group, 123–24
Frame Relay network service MIB, 124–25
ICMP group, 111
instance of, 169
Interfaces group, 107–8
IP group, 109–10
SIP interface group, 126, 127
SONET/SDH group, 121–22
System group, 107
TCP group, 112
Transmission group, 115–17
UDP group, 113
Management Information Base (MIB)
concise definition, 100
development of, 99–106
elements of OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100–101
Ethernet RMON, 133–35
example of SNMP, 144–50
managed objects, 106–30
Manager-to-Manager, 232
Party, 232
private, 144
private enterprise, incompatibility problems, 351–56
role of, 6
RMON, 360–76
RMON2, 138–42
SNMPv2, 232–35
specific-use, 130–32
table structures, 101–6
token ring RMON, 136–37
transmission media, 132–33
Management Information Base–I (MIB–I), 99
Management Information Base–II (MIB–II)
codes, 523–24
groups, 605–6
interface codes, 525
managed objects, 106–30
Management process, 5
Manager/agent model, 5, 12
Managers, SNMP, 35–49
Manager-to-Manager MIB, 232
ManageWise, 41–43
Max-Repetitions, 218
Messages
authentic, 158
ICMP, 249–55
parts of, 167
mgmt codes, SMI, 522
MIB. See Management Information Base
Microsoft, 26, 29, 30
Module definitions, SNMPv2, 205
MODULE-COMPLIANCE macro, 209, 212
MODULE-IDENTITY macro, 205
Modules
ASN.1, 58–59
RMON MIB, 58–59

N

NetworkAddress, 65
Network General Corp., MIB extensions, 308, 323–51
Network Interface layer, ARPA, 154, 255
Network interface protocols
ARCNET (Attached Resource Computer Network), 259–62
Ethernet, 104–6, 255–56
FDDI, 262–63
IEEE 802.3, 18, 255–56, 257–58
IEEE 802.5, 18, 258–59
Network layer, 8
Network management
architecture, 1–49
different views of, 3–4
elements of, 5–8
evolution of, 1–3
private enterprise codes, SMI, 542–604
protocol, 6
relationships, 4–8
RFCs, 493–519
Non-Repeaters, 218
Notification definitions, SNMPv2, 209
NOTIFICATION-GROUP macro, 212
NOTIFICATION-TYPE macro, 209
Novell, Inc., 26
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), 228
ManageWise, 41–43
NULL, 56, 59, 61, 63
NULL type encoding, 78–79

O

Object
columnar, 89–90, 164–65, 357
scalar, 89–90, 164–65, 356–57
OBJECT, 59
Object defintions, SNMPv2, 205–9
OBJECT-GROUP macro, 209, 212
Object identifier (OID), 88–90, 521–22
invalid, 356–60
OBJECT IDENTIFIER, 56, 61, 62–63
OBJECT IDENTIFIER type encoding, 77–78
Object names, SMI, 84–90
OBJECT-TYPE macro, 60–61, 100–101, 206–9
OCTET, 59
octetBitstring type, 61, 62
OCTET STRING, 56, 61–62, 209
OCTET STRING type encoding, 76
OF, 59
Opaque, 65, 67
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), 130
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), 7
architecture compared with ARPA, 153–55
layers of, 8–10
management model, 12–15
network management architecture, 8–18
reference model
SNMPv2 over, 225
Specific Management Functional Areas, 15–18
Transport layer, 242
OpenView, 39–40

P

Party-based SNMPv2, 201
Party MIB, 232
Performance management, 17–18
PDUs. See Protocol Data Units
PhysAddress type, 61, 62, 211
Physical layer, 8
PING (Packet Internet Groper), 249, 251
Port numbers, source and destination, 242
Presentation layer, 8, 54
Primitive types, 56, 61–63
Privacy, 237
Private codes, SMI, 536
Private enterprise codes, SMI, 90, 536
Private tags, 68
Process/Application layer (ARPA), 154
Protocol Data Units (PDUs), SNMP
application examples, 178–95
encoding, 176–77
GetNextRequest, 84, 167, 168–69, 170–72, 181–87
GetRequest, 84, 167, 168–170, 179–81, 265–74
GetResponse, 84, 167, 168–69, 265–74
role of, 6
SetRequest, 84, 167, 168–69, 172–74, 187–93
SNMP, 165–77
SNMPv2, 215–23
Trap, 84, 167, 174–76, 193–95
Protocol Data Units (PDUs), SNMPv2
definitions, 220–23
GetBulkRequest, 215, 218–19
GetNextRequest, 215
GetRequest, 215
InformRequest, 215, 219
Report, 215
Response, 215
SetRequest, 215
SNMPv2-Trap, 215, 219
syntax, 216–19
Proxy agent, 158, 213, 236

R

Range separator, 57
REFERENCE clause, 205, 208
REFERENCE field for OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100
Remote Monitoring, Ethernet, 622–23
alarm group, 409–12, 627–28
event group, 401–14, 640–41
filter group, 635–37
history group, 625–27
host group, 629–31
hostTopN group, 376–77, 631–33
matrix group, 376–77, 385, 633–35
packet-capture group, 638–40
statistics group, 623–25
token ring group, 136–37, 641–60
Remote Monitoring Management Information Base (RMON MIB)
Ethernet, 133–35
event notification using, 401–14
host statistics, measuring, 376–401
supporting with a network monitor, 360–76
Remote Monitoring Management Information Base version 2 (RMON2 MIB)
address map group, 138, 667–69
application layer host group, 139, 675–76
application layer matrix group, 139, 676–79
extensions, 661–5
groups, 138–43
network layer host group, 138, 669–71
network layer matrix group, 138, 671–75
probe configuration group, 139, 681–84
protocol directory group, 138, 665–66
protocol distribution group, 138, 666–67
role of, 660–61
RMON conformance group, 139, 684–85
user history collection group, 139, 679–81
Remote Operation Service Element (ROSE), 25
Report, PDU, 215
Request for Comments (RFC) documents, 22
network management, 493–519
obtaining, 480–91
security, 237
SNMPv2, 202–3
Response PDU, 215
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), 263, 265
Rose, Marshall, 201
Route discovery, 258
Route flapping, 312
Routing Information (RI) field, 258
RowPointer, 211
RowStatus, 211

S

Scalar object, 89–90, 164–65, 356–57
Security
codes, SMI, 536–41
documents, 237
management, 18
SNMPv2, 237–38
SEQUENCE, 59, 63–65
encoding, 79–81
SEQUENCE OF, 63–65
encoding, 81
Session layer, 8
Set command, verifying, 289–97
SetRequest PDU, 84, 167, 168–69, 172–74, 187–93, 215
Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol (SGMP), 22, 201
Simple Management Protocol (SMP), 201
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
access mode, 158
access policy, 158
agents, 26
ASN.1 definition of, 195–99
application entities, 157
architecture, 153–55
authentication header, 167
authentication scheme, 158
browsing subtree example, 144–50
coexistence with SNMPv2, 236–37
community, 158
community name, 158, 167–68
community profile, 158, 167
how to use with UDP and IP, 265–74
identifying object instances, 159–65
managers, 35–49
message, parts of, 167
messages, authentic, 158
network elements, 157
network management relationships, 156–59
network management stations, 157
objectives, 23–24
operation, 156–65
origins of, 22
parties, 130
protocol data units, 165–77
protocol data units, examples using, 179–95
protocol entities, 157
proxy agent, 158, 213, 236
secrets, 131
SNMP group, MIB managed object, 129–30, 620–22
version numbers, 167, 277
Simple Network Management Protocol-Version 2 (SNMPv2)
bilingual manager, 236, 237
codes, 541
coexistence with SNMPv1, 236–37
conformance statements, 212
development of, 201–3
enhancements, 203
entity, 213
macros, 206–9
Management Information Base, 232–35
Manager-to-Manager MIB, 232
module definitions, 204, 205
notification definitions, 204, 209
object defintions, 204, 205–9
over AppleTalk DDP, 227
over Novell IPX, 228
over OSI, 225
over UDP, 224–25
party-based, 201
protocol data units, 215–23
protocol operations, 213–23
proxy agent, 213, 236
request-response interactions, 213
security, 237–38
Structure of Management Information for, 203–9
textual conventions, 209–12
transport mappings, 223–32
types, 205–6
Simple Times, The, 492
Simple types, 56, 61–63
SIP interface group, MIB managed object, 126, 127
SMI. See Structure of Management Information; System management interface
SNMP. See Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMPng (next generation), 238
SNMPv2. See Simple Network Management Protocol-Version 2
SNMPv2u (user-based security), 238
SNMPv2*, 238
SNMPv3 (SNMPng), 238
Software defined networks (SDNs), 4
Solstice Domain/Enterprise/Site Manager, 44–46
SONET/SDH group, MIB managed object, 117, 121–22
Source routing, 258
SPARC, 6
Specific Management Functional Areas (SMFAs), 15
accounting management, 16–17
configuration management, 17
fault management, 16
performance management, 17–18
security management, 18
SPECTRUM, 37–39
Standards organizations, addresses for, 433–35
STATUS clause, 205, 208
STATUS field for OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100
StorageType, 212
STRING, 59
Structured types, 63–65
Structure of Management Information (SMI)
ASN.1 elements, 55–68
defined, 6, 53, 90–95
encoding rules, 68–84
object names, 84–90
organization of, 54
SNMPv2, 203–9
Sub-Network Access Protocol (SNAP), 258
Subtree
directory, 98
experimental, 99
Internet, 97–99
mail, 98
mgmt, 98–99
private, 99
security, 98
snmpV2, 98
Subtypes, 56–57
Sun Microsystems, Inc., 6
Remote Procedure Call (SunRPC), 243
Solstice Domain/Enterprise/Site Manager, 44–46
SunSoft, 26, 29, 32
Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS), 3
SynOptics Communications, 26
Syntax
abstract, 55
SNMPv2 PDU, 216–18
transfer, 55, 68–69
SYNTAX field for OBJECT-TYPE macro, 100
System management application process (SMAP), 14
System management interface (SMI), 14
System group, MIB managed object, 107, 606

T

Table structures, 101–6
TAddress, 212
Tagged types, 67–68
Tag number, 68, 71, 71–72
T-carrier circuits, 2
TCP. See Transmission Control Protocol
TDomain, 212
Telecommunication Network Protocol (TELNET), accessing bridge parameters, 414–32
Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), 86
TestAndIncr type, 211
TEXTUAL-CONVENTION macro, 209–10, 229
Textual conventions, SNMPv2, 209–12
TimeInterval, 211
TimeStamp, 211
TimeTicks, 56, 65, 67
TimeTicks type encoding, 84
Tivoli Systems, TME 10 NetView, 46–48
Token holding time, 258–59
Token ring
IEEE 802.5, 18, 258–59
RMON MIB, 136–37, 641–60
Transfer syntax, defined, 55, 68–69
Transmission codes, SMI, 530–31
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 243
TCP group, MIB managed object, 112, 615–16
Transmission group, MIB managed objects, 132–33, 619–20
ATM objects, 117, 126, 128
CSMA/CD objects, 18, 115
DS1/E1 objects, 116, 117–19
DS3/E3 interface objects, 116, 119–20
E1 carrier objects, 116
FDDI objects, 116
Frame Relay objects, 116, 123–25
parallel printer objects, 117
RS-232 objects, 117
SIP-SMDS interface objects, 116, 126
SONET/SDH objects, 117, 121–22
token bus-like objects, 115
token ring-like objects, 115
X.25 LAPB objects, 116
X.25 Packet layer object, 115
Transmission media MIBs, 132–33
Transport layer, 8
Transport mappings, SNMPv2, 223–32
Transport Service Data Unit (TSDU), 225
Trap PDU, 84, 167, 174–76, 193–95
SNMPv2-Trap PDU, 215, 219
Traps
communicating device and link status with, 303–8
enterprise-specific, 311–51
LinkDown, 305
LinkUp, 304
private enterprise, 308–51
verifying, 298–303
Trivial protocol, 237
TruthValue type, 211
Type(s)
ASN.1, 56–57
constructor/structured, 56, 63–65
defined/application-wide, 56, 65–67
field encoding, 70–74
primitive/simple, 56, 61–63
SNMPv2, 205–6, 209–12
subtypes, 56–57
tagged, 67–68
textual conventions, 209–12
Type-Length-Value encoding, 69–70

U

UDP. See User Datagram Protocol
Universal tags, 68
Unsigned32 type, 206
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 23
datagram, 2423
header, 166, 242–43
SNMP used with IP and, 265–74
SNMPv2 over, 224–25
UDP group, MIB managed object, 113, 616–17

V

Value Field encoding, 75
Values,
ASN.1, 56–57
VarBind, 79–80, 169
VarBindList, 79, 169, 180–81
Variable binding, 79–80, 169
Variable names, 160, 164–65
VariablePointer, 211
Verifying access control. See Access control, verifying
Version numbers, SNMP, 167, 277

W

Wallbusser, Steven, 201
WEB-based
Enterprise Management (WEBM), 29, 30–31
network management, 28–29
Wide area networks (WANs), 3
World Wide Web. See WEB

X

Xerox, 255


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