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Index

A

AAL1, 115-116, 131
AAL2, 115-116
AAL3/4, 115-116
AAL5, 115-116, 131
AAL Layer, 113, 115-116
ABR, 126, 130
AC, 24, 25, 182
access coordination, 182
Access Tandem, 101
ADC, 30
A/D converter, 98
ADSL, 9-14, 16, 21-23, 54, 100, 102, 155, 191, 200
framing, 213
modem, 209-210
system architecture, 210-211
transport capacity, 212
ADSL Network Termination, 207-210
aggregators, 157
alternating current, 24
analog modem, 10, 15-16, 99
analog signal, 25-26, 30, 32, 39, 55
analog-to-digital converter, 30, 98
ANT, 207-208
API, 74, 87
Application Layer, 73, 87-88
application programming interface, 74, 87
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, 9 See also ADSL
asynchronous transmission, 47, 49-50
Asynchronous Transmission Mode, 7 See also ATM
ATM, 7, 10-14, 16-18, 21-23, 41, 54, 89, 95, 99, 102-103, 155-159, 167
ATM
AAL1, 115-116, 131
AAL2, 115-116
AAL3/4, 115-116
AAL5, 115-116, 131
AAL Layer, 113, 115-116
Adaptation Layer, 116
backbone network, 152
benefits, 11-12, 170-172
cell, 101, 118-124
cell header, 119, 125
cell types, 119
"cloud," 151-152
customers, 176
equipment suppliers, 174-175
fiber based, 20
growth, 168-170
header, 113, 120
interfaces, 119-121, 135
interworking, 156-159
layer, 114
network, 21
network evolution, 169
network interfaces, 119, 135-136
non-recurring charges, 181
over ADSL, 214-215
physical layer, 114
planes, 116-118
players, 172-174
ports, 178-179
protocol layers, 113-116
PVC, 12
rate structure, 180-185
recurring charges, 181-183
router, 101
service revenues, 177
services, 14, 179
switch, 125, 148-150
traffic, 179-180
traffic management and control, 132-135
ATM "cloud," 151-152
ATM planes, 116-118
Control Plane, 118
Layer Management subplane, 79, 113, 118
Management Plane, 118
Plane Management subplane, 118
User Plane, 117
audio, 15, 16, 142-143
available bit rate, 126
average, 25

B

B-ISDN, 18, 40, 57
backbone network, 11, 151-152
backhaul charges, 183
bandwidth, 16-18, 33, 38-40, 49, 141, 145
big endian, 89
binary, 27
bit, 28
bitswapping, 206
bit timing, 115
bridge, 97, 103
Broadband ISDN, 18, 40, 57-58
broadband services, 18
broadcast, 7
buffers, 79
burstiness, 35-36
bursty, 33, 67
business drivers, 12
bus topology, 107-108
byte, 28

C

carrier, 19, 26
CATV, 6, 7, 16
CBR, 66, 69, 130-131
CCITT, 73
cell
address, 114
delay, 131
delineation, 115
demultiplex, 115
header, 114, 115
loss, 131
multiplex, 115
rate decoupling, 115
relay, 69
VPI/VCI translation, 115
cell delay variation, 127
cell loss priority, 114, 120, 121, 126
cell loss probability, 127
central office, 9
switch, 62, 101
channel designations, 37
circuit emulation, 14, 162
circuit switching, 66
class of service, 15
CLP, 114, 121, 126
coaxial cable, 4, 7, 16
common carrier, 7
common control, 63
communication
networks, 7, 33, 91
protocols, 109-110
services, 6, 33
systems, 4, 5, 6, 19, 27, 97
technology, 23
communications, 2, 3, 5, 19
Community Antenna Television, 6
competition, 163
compression, 40
computer, 18
computer technology, 19
concentrators, 157
congestion control, 113
connection oriented connection, 115-116, 124, 129, 133
connection switching, 63
connectionless oriented connection, 115-116, 124, 129, 133
connectionless switching, 66, 67
constant bit rate, 69, 129
Control Plane, 118
copper wire, 11, 16, 18, 58
CPE, 49, 128, 153
managed, 185
CRC, 92
crossbar switching, 63
CSU, 136
customer premises equipment, 49
convergence, 115
cyclic redundancy check, 92

D

DA, 210
DAC, 30
D/A converter, 99
data, 16, 19
access, 15
communication, 5, 6, 19, 99
integrity, 77
radio network, 99
rate, 17, 18, 37, 38
transmission, 33
database access sharing, 13
Data Exchange Interface, 136
datagram, 67
Data Link Layer, 73, 77-80
DBS, 6, 7, 60, 188
DC, 23
DE, 114, 139
defense, 12
Defense Information Services Network, 169
Delta-2 Switching Matrix, 65
demodulation, 26
demultiplexing, 53-54
destination, 8, 19
digital
bits, 40
channel bank, 46
data, 4, 5, 6
devices, 29
modulation, 99
pulses, 31
radio, 99
signal, 27-30, 32, 39, 55
signal processing, 9
terminal interface, 98
Digital Subscriber Line, 9, 191 See also DSL
digital-to-analog converter, 30
Direct Broadcast Satellite, 6, 7, 189 See also DBS
direct current, 24
Discard Enable, 114, 134
Discrete Multi-Tone coding, 204
DISN, 169
DMT, 204
DOS, 70, 86
downstream, 16
DS-1, 35
DSL, 9, 198-199
technology, 194-198
types, 198-204
DSU, 136
DTI, 98, 99
duplex, 49, 98
DXI, 136

E

echo cancellation, 205-206
effective transparency, 66
electrical
current, 24
voltage, 24
electromagnetic spectrum, 38
e-mail, 90
encoding information, 9
endian
big, 89
little, 89
end-to-end, 7
error control, 69
error recovery, 68
Ethernet, 16
II framing, 94
Gigabit, 163, 164
SNAP framing, 94
equipment manufacturers, 10

F

FDM, 37, 44, 52-54, 205
fiber transmission, 7
flow control, 82
frame, 89-91
adaptation, 115
IEEE 802.3, 93
Ethernet II, 94
Ethernet SNAP, 94
generation, 115
lengths, 118
recovery, 115
structures, 93-95
Token Ring, 95
frame relay, 7, 68, 118, 163-165
high speed, 163
framing, 79, 213
frequency, 26
frequency division multiplexing, 37, 44, 52-53, 205

G

GAN, 7, 11, 17, 102
gates
AND, 29
NAND, 29
OR, 29
NOR, 29
gateway, 97, 99, 103
generic flow control, 119, 121
GFC, 119, 120, 121
global area network, 7 See also GAN
global
backbone network, 11
community, 11
information transmission system, 11
language, 11
unification, 22

H

half duplex, 44
HDLC, 80
HDSL, 202
HDTV, 5
High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line, 202
high level online adaptation, 206
header, 74
header error check, 124
header error control, 120-121
HEC, 121
hierarchical topology, 105-106
high logic level, 27
high-speed data services, 18, 141-148
hub, 97, 99, 103

I

idle cells, 119
IDN, 56
IEC, 100
IEEE 488, 72
IEEE 802, 93, 94
IEEE 803, 72, 79
IMA, 150
information, 19
encoding, 4
services, 7
superhighway, 11, 12, 21
transport, 6, 7
Integrated Services Digital Network, 6, 55, 56 See also ISDN
Interexchange Carriers, 100, 102
International Standardization Organization, 111
Internet, 11, 15-16, 91, 168
Internet services, 16
interworking,
ATM, 156-159
platform, 14
inverse multiplexing over ATM, 150
IP, 158
IPX, 90
IPX/SPX, 90
ISDN, 6, 15, 18, 55-58
Broadband, 40, 57-58
Narrowband, 40, 56-57
ISO, 111
ISP, 15
ITU-T, 18, 73

L

LAN, 6, 11, 16-17, 97, 102
applications, 16
emulation, 130
LANE, 130
LATA, 100
latency, 131
Layer Management Plane, 79, 113, 118
leading edge, 29
leased lines, 164
LEC, 100, 102
legacy networks, 11
light wave, 4, 61-62
little endian, 89
LLC, 79
LLD, 78
Local Access and Transport Area, 100
local area network, 6, 7, 16 See also LAN
Local Exchange Carriers, 100
local loop, 11
local subscribers, 101
Logical Link Control Sublayer, 79
long-haul carrier, 19
low level driver, 75, 78
low logic level, 27
low-speed data, 141

M

MAC, 79
MAN, 7, 11, 17, 97, 102
managed customer premises equipment, 185-186
Management Information Base, 81, 141
Management Plane, 118
maximum burst size, 126
maximum cell delay, 126-127
MBS, 126, 128
MCR, 126
mean time to repair, 152-153
Media Access Control, 79
mesh topology, 107
metropolitan area network, 7 See also MAN
MIB, 81, 141
microwave transmission, 4, 60
minimum cell rate, 126
modulating frequency, 26
modulation, 26, 100
MRCS, 68
MSP, 156
MTTR, 152-153
multicasting, 134-135
multimedia, 5, 16, 146-147
applications, 16
services, 10
multiple services platform, 156
multiplexing, 33-37, 45-46, 50-53, 68, 114
multirate circuit switching, 68

N

N-ISDN, 18, 40, 77
Narrowband ISDN, 40, 56-57
network interface See NNI and UNI
Network Layer, 73, 80-82
network management, 155-156
Network Node Interface, 135, 151
networks, 16, 19
network topologies, 103-109
nibble, 28
NNI, 119, 135, 148, 151
noise generation, 46
numbering system, 27
Nyquist rate, 31

O

OAM, 74
octet, 28
one-stop shopping, 185
open-shortest-path-first, 80
Open Systems Interconnection model, 73, 111 See also OSI model
Operations Administration and Management, 74
optical transmission, 7, 47
OSI model, 73-88, 111-113
oversubscription, 186

P

packet, 89, 91
assembler/disassembler, 87
switching, 7, 67
paging systems, 60
PAM, 32
passband, 39-40
payload, 118
type indicator, 121
PCM, 45, 47
PCR, 125, 128, 130, 139-140
PDH, 47, 66
PDM, 33
PDU, 90-92
peak cell rate, 125, 139-140
peak-to-peak, 25
peer-to-peer communications, 112
period, 28
permanent virtual circuit, 14, 91 See also PVC
personal communications, 5, 60
Physical Layer, 36, 73, 75-77
physical link control, 77
physical medium, 115
Physical Service Access Points, 75
Plain Old Telephone Service, 5, 34
Plane Management Subplane, 118
platform interworking, 14
Plesciosynchronous Digital Hierarchy, 47
Point of Presence, 181
point-to-point topology, 104
POP, 181
port
charges, 182-183, 189
oversubscription, 186
speed, 132
POTS, 5, 16, 34, 35
splitter, 211-212
Presentation Layer, 73, 86-87
primary rate, 18
primitive, 78
Protocol Data Unit, 90
protocols, 71-72, 89-90, 109-110
provisioning, 124
PSAP, 75
PSTN, 5, 35
user characteristics, 34
PTM, 32
Public Switched Telephone Network, 5, 19, 34, 97, 100
pulse
amplitude modulation, 31
code modulation, 45, 47
demodulation, 31
duration modulation, 33
modulation, 31
time modulation, 32
train, 31
width modulation, 33
PVC, 91, 129, 133
charge, 182
rate, 183
PWM, 33

Q

QoS, 33-34, 67, 129-130, 159-160
quality of service See QoS
quantizing error, 46

R

radio wave, 4
radio wave propagation, 19, 60
RBOC, 100
reassembly, 115
redundancy enhancement, 68
reed relay, 63
Regional Bell Operating Company, 100
registers, 78
reliability levels
simple, 82
multiplexing, 82
basic error recovery, 82
error recovery and multiplexing, 82
error detection and recovery class, 82
remote
file transfers, 90
logon services, 90
request
for circuit activation, 78
for circuit deactivation, 78
to transfer data, 78
RF communications, 19
RF propagation, 59
ring topology, 108-109
RMS, 35
router, 97, 99, 103

S

sampling period, 32
SAP, 93
satellite transmission, 4
scaleable, 12, 171
SCR, 125, 128, 130, 140
SDH, 47, 61
SDSL, 204
seamless, 55, 56
segmentation, 90, 115
serial communication, 49
Service Advertising Protocol, 93
service classes, 14, 128-131
service provider, 14, 19, 21
Session Layer, 73, 84-85
set-top box, 10
shared access, 162
shielded twisted pair, 59, 77
signal
conditioning, 9
conversion, 30
multiplexing, 33
signaling, 124-125
Single Line Digital Subscriber Line, 204
sinusoidal waveform, 25
SMDS, 163, 164
SONET, 47, 61
source, 8, 19
space division switching, 63
spectrum, 38
splitter, POTS, 211
star topology, 104-105
step-by-step switching, 63
stereophonic audio, 15
STM, 47
STP, 59, 77
Strowger switch, 62-63
sustainable cell rate, 125, 140-141
SVC, 91, 133, 160-161
SVCC, 160
SVPC, 160, 162
switch,  central office, 101
switched
channel, 36
multimegabit data service, 163
networks, 34
virtual circuit, 14, 91, 160-161
virtual circuit connection, 160
virtual path connection, 160, 162
switches, 19
switching, 19, 23, 42, 62-68, 114
switching technology, 7
synchronous transmission, 47-49
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, 47 See also SDH
Synchronous Optical Network, 47 See also SONET
synchronous time division multiplexer, 47
system capacity, 36
systems, 19

T

TCP/IP, 89-90
TDM, 37, 46-47, 52-54, 66, 68
carrier standards, 37
telecommunications, 19
industry, 21
telegraph, 3, 22
telephone, 3-4, 22
telephone company, 7
time division multiplexing, 37 See also TDM
token bus, 16
token ring, 16
framing, 95
topology, 103-109
bus, 107-108
hierarchical, 105-106
mesh, 107
point-to-point, 104
ring, 108-109
star, 104-105
traffic shaping, 127-128
trailer, 74
trailing edge, 29
transistors, 45
transmission systems, 2-4, 7, 43-50, 56
transmission technology, 5, 7
transparency, 8
Transport Layer, 73, 82-84
trunk, 101

U

UART, 99
UBR, 130-131
unassigned cells, 119
UNI, 119, 135, 153, 160
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, 99
UNIX, 70, 86
unshielded twisted pair, 59, 76
unspecified bit rate, 130
UPC, 134
upper cutoff frequency, 40
usage based billing, 187-189
usage parameter control, 134
User Network Interface, 135, 148, 153-154
User Plane, 117
UTP, 59, 76

V

variable bit rate, 68, 129 See also VBR
VBR, 68, 125, 130-131
VBR-nrt, 115, 130
VBR-rt, 115, 130
VCI, 120-124
VDSL, 203-204
Very High Rate DSL, 203-204
video, 5, 12, 15-16, 143-146
applications, 16
virtual
channel, 14, 121-123
channel identifier, 120-124
circuit, 67
path, 121-123
path identifier, 14, 120-124
terminal, 88
voice, 16
Voice Over Frame Relay protocol, 119
VPI, 120-124
VP OAM traffic cells, 119
VP traffic cells, 119

W

WAN, 7, 11, 17, 97, 102
wide area network, 7 See also WAN
wireless systems, 45, 46, 60
word, 28


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