Protocol Suites for Network Essential Exam

By Dave

NetWare IPX/SPX

MLID - used MAC sublayer, software that drives NIC, specification defined by ODI, written for each board design Ethernet =>Contention, Token Ring =>token access

LSL - uses LLC sublayer, function as interface between MLID & upper-layer protocols, when multiple upper-layer protocol stacks used it passes packets to appropriate stack

IPX - Network Layer Protocol that provides connectionless (datagram service), responsible for internetwork routing & maintaining network addresses, relies on hardware physical addresses found at lower layers to provide network addressing, uses sockets to deliver packets to final destination

RIP - uses distant vector to determine hop counts to other devices, implemented as upper-layer service & assigned a socket, performs Network Layer Functions

NLSP - supports fault-tolerant mesh & hybrid mesh networks, upgrade to RIP, maintains map of network in memory and broadcasts only changes, available in 4.1

SPX - Transport Layer Protocol which extends IPX to provide connection-orientated service with reliable delivery, establishes virtual circuits Þ connections, sequences packets of data, connection multiplexing used in printing

NCP - provides function calls to support network services Þ file service, printing, file locking, client software interfaces to access NetWare services, commands either request (client to server) or response (server to client)

SAP - NetWare servers advertise presence to network once a minute by sending packet, users request service info by a service Query packet

Internet Protocols

IP - corresponds to the network layer of the OSI reference model and provides connectionless datagram service.

ICMP - A network-layer protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information relevant to IP packet processing

RIP - RIP uses hop count as a routing metric. The largest allowable hop count for RIP is 16

OSPF - Link state, hierarchical IGP routing algorithm. features include least-cost routing, multipath routing, and load balancing

TCP - supported by transport layer. It provides reliable transmission of data & provides full-duplex, connection-orientated transport

UDP - A connectionless transport-layer protocol. UDP adds reliability and multiplexing to IP datagrams.

ARP - An Internet protocol used to bind an IP address to Ethernet/802.2 addresses

Physical Addresses - Uses Physical & Data Link Layers

IP addresses - assigned to hosts using TCP/IP. The address is written as four octets separated with periods

Logical node names - Identifies specific hosts with Alphanumeric identifiers

DNS - A system for translating names of host computers into addresses, name/address resolution.

FTP - A protocol based on TCP/IP for reliable file transfer. Interpreted in the TCP/IP PI suites

SMTP - A protocol for routing electronic mail through networks.

TELNET - Standard Internet terminal emulation protocol.

Sun Micro Systems

NFS - A distributed file system protocol suite that allows remote file access across a network.

XDR - Supports encoding of data in a machine independent format

RPC - Functions as a request redirector (Application Layer)

Apple Talk

LAP - The logical-level protocol for AppleTalk. It exists in two variants:

ELAP for Ethernet
LLAP for LocalTalk networks, uses STP cabling, primarily for low performance networks

TLAP - The set of procedures used to initiate, maintain, control, and terminate token ring link-level data transmission.

AARP - For outgoing packets, supplies the hardware destination address corresponding to a higher-level protocol address, and filters incoming packets to pass only those that are broadcast or specifically addressed to it.

DDP - The Apple Computer network-layer protocol that is responsible for the socket-to-socket delivery of datagrams over an AppleTalk internet.

RTMP - Maps Appletalk addresses to Ethernet & Token Ring physical addresses, enabling Aplletalk protocols to interface with Ethernet & Token Ring Physical Layers

ZIP - The AppleTalk session-layer protocol that maps network numbers to zone names

NBP - Used in AppleTalk networks to permit network users to use character names for network services and sockets. Translates a character-string name within a zone into the corresponding socket address

ATP - An AppleTalk transport-level protocol that allows reliable request-response exchanges between two socket clients.

ASP - An AppleTalk general protocol providing session establishment, maintenance, and tear-down, along with request sequencing.

ADSP - A connection-oriented protocol providing a reliable, full-duplex, byte-stream service between any two sockets on an AppleTalk internet.

PAP - An AppleTalk session-layer protocol that provides printing services

AFP - A presentation-level protocol for access to remote files on an AppleTalk internet.

Digital Network Architecture

DDCMP- capabilities: Async or Sync service, Half or full duplex, point-to-point or Multipoint operation, CRC error detection, LLC flow control and message sequencing

HDLC - Determines data-frame format & frame-transfer command syntax, Async & Sync communication & LLC flow control

CLNS - Network Layer protocol & uses 3 ISO protocols that perform route discovery and selection, addressing and switching

IOS 8473 - connectionless service that manages communication between end systems
ISO 9542 - routing protocol that operates between devices and routers
ISO 100589 - routing protocol that operates between intermediate systems

CONS

ISO 8208 - version of X.25 packet-switching
ISO 8878 - enables X.25 networks to provide connection-orientated services

NSP- The DECnet protocol that provides reliable message transmission over virtual circuits

Session Control - performs Session & Presentation Layer functions Þ Address/Name Resolution, Transport-connection management, Connection ID management, Selection of protocol stacks

Session Protocol Specification - Session Layer that implements ISO 8327 Þ Connection Establishment, Support for multiple connection & Packet synchronization

FTAM - An Application Layer protocol developed for network file exchange and management.

DAP - The DECnet protocol that provides remote file access.

NVTS - Allows multiple terminal types to access computer services

MAILbus - based on X.400 electronic messaging services

Naming Service - uses X.500 address/name resolution

System Network Architecture (SNA)

SNA Layers & features:

Physical Control - Same as OSI Physical Layer
Data Link Control - uses SDLC for communication between master/primary and slave/secondary nodes
Path Control - uses functions from Data Link & Network Layers for flow control & routing, packet assembly/disassembly
Transmission Control - same as Transport & Presentation Layer Þ end-to-end connection services & encryption/decryption
Data Flow Control - same as Session Layer
Presentation Services - like Presentation Layer Þ data translation services, sharing resources & synching operations
Transaction Services - provide application services, distributed processing and management services

NAU - SNA term for an addressable entity (Hardware or Software addressable )

PU - device consisting of hardware, firmware & software to manage node communication Þ communication & cluster controllers

PU Type 5 - Host Node - control point that manages networking in domain

PU Type 4 - Communication Controllers - device that runs a NCP & is a front end for a host node

PU Type 2 - Peripheral Node - Cluster Controller- enable devices attached to network Þ printers, terminals

LU - type of NAU that enables end users to communicate with each other Þ terminals, printers, programs

LU 0 - Program-to-program - supports program-to-program communication

LU 1 - Program-to-device - Master/slave. SNA character-stream data on printers, card readers & hard copy terminals

LU 2 - Program-to-device - Master/slave. Terminals using 3270 protocol

LU 3 - Program-to-device - Master/slave. Printers using 3270 protocol

LU 4 - Program-to-program - Master/slave. Peer-to-peer or program to device character stream to printers

LU 6 & 6.1 - Program-to-program - Peer-to-peer interprogram communication

LU 6.2 - Program-to-program - Peer-to-peer Advanced Program-to-program communication

LU 7 - Program-to-device - Communication using 5250 data streams

Key SNA Protocols

Token Ring - A token-passing LAN developed and used to develop IEEE 802.5.

SDLC - IBM bit-synchronous link-layer protocol using dedicated or DUN & supports Point-to-point & Multipoint in Half &Full Duplex.

NCP - A protocol that routes and controls the flow of data between a communications controller & uses Data Link & Network Layers & supports routing and Gateway functions

VTAM - A set of programs that control communication between nodes and application programs running on a host system.

APPN - Facility that provides distributed processing based on Type 2.1 network nodes and LU 6.2.

CICS - An IBM application subsystem allowing transactions entered at remote terminals to be processed concurrently by user applications

IMS - Application-processing environment that supports database & transaction management

APPC - A peer-to-peer communications scheme that lets SNA applications communicate directly with peer SNA applications.

DDM - use OS call redirection that provides remote access to SNA Applications

SNADS - One of three SNA transaction services architectures. Provides asynchronous distribution of information between end users.

DIA - defines standards for data Interchange between dissimilar computer systems & handles redirection

IEEE

IEEE 802.2 - specifies an implementation of the LLC sublayer. handles errors, framing, flow control, and the Layer 3 service interface and is used in LANs such as IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.5

IEEE 802.3 - specifies an implementation of the Physical layer and MAC sublayer of the link layer. uses CSMA/CD access at a variety of speeds over a variety of physical media

1BASE5 - A 1-Mbps UTP, CSMA/CD Star Physical Topology LAN

10BASE5 - Baseband physical layer specification, similar to Ethernet, using thick coaxial cable, running at 10 Mbps, and with a distance limit of 500 meters per segment on a Physical Bus Topology.

10BASE2 - similar to Ethernet, using thin coaxial cable that runs at 10 Mbps, and with a distance limit of 185 meters per segment on a Physical Bus Topology.

10BASE-F - fiber-optic that supports 10-Mbps over 4 Kilometres. Sub Categories 10BASE-FL (fiber link),10BASE-FB (fiber backbone)& 10BASE-FP (fiber passive)

10BROAD36 - broadband standard, using thick coaxial cable and running at 10 Mbps, 75 ohm over 1800 meters in a Physical Bus Topology.

10BASE-T - using UTP and running at 10 Mbps, Star Physical Topology, .

100BASE-X - similar to 10BASE-T supporting 100 Mbps

IEEE 802.4 - specifies an implementation of the physical layer and MAC sublayer of the link layer. Uses token-passing access over a bus topology, both baseband &broadband with 75 ohm configurable.

IEEE 802.5 - specifies an implementation of the physical layer and MAC sublayer of the link layer. Uses token passing access at 4 or 16 Mbps over STP and is very similar to IBM Token Ring.

IEEE 802.6 - Metropolitan area network (MAN) Standard (DQDB). supports 1.5 Mbps to 155 Mbps & supports data packets and circuits. Based on fiber-optic in dual-bus topology (each bus unidirectional), Bandwidth uses time slots & sync & async supported

IEEE 802.9 - support 10 Mbps Async channel with 96 64 Kbps channels, total bandwidth =16Mbps, called IsoEnet, used in bursty & time critical traffic

IEEE 802.11 - wireless LAN’s, uses CSMA/CD

IEEE 802.12 - 100-Mbps, called 100VG-AnyLAN, based on Star Wiring Topology & contention, used in Ethernet & Token Ring supporting both frame types

SLIP - A standard for point-to-point serial connections using TCP/IP, at Physical Layer.

PPP - this protocol provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over synchronous and asynchronous circuits, at Physical & Data Link Layers

X.25 - defines the packet format for data transfers. X.25 networks provide remote terminal access. Most common in WAN’s. use permanent or switched virtual circuits, end-to end flow control, error &flow control for each virtual circuit

Frame Relay A protocol used across the interface between user devices (hosts and routers) and network equipment (switching nodes). more efficient than X.25, WAN protocol.

ISDN - protocol to carry data, voice, and other source material.

ISDN channels =>bit pipes

BISDN - Communication standards being developed to handle high-bandwidth applications such as video. uses ATM & SONET-based transmission circuits at the Physical Layer to provide data rates of 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps and beyond

SONET/SDH - High-speed (up to 2.5 Gbps) synchronous network WAN standard.

ATM - High bandwidth switching technology, Primarily WAN