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5. CBR TOOLSCBR technology gained prominence with the emergence of commercial software tools, some of which are listed in Table 1. Table 2 shows some general categories of applications, and the suitablility of some of the tools mentioned earlier, based on the report by Althoff, K.D et. al in 1996. A black bullet [bullet] indicates that the tool is likely to be suited to the domain. A [closed diamond] indicates that the tool's features can be extended in order to cope with the domain. The symbol [flower], given to CBR Express for help-desk applications, reflects the fact that this tool has been specially designed to cope with this particular domain. A review of the commercial tools can be found in Althoff et al. (1996). However, at this point in time, these tools are not sufficiently powerful to meet all the requirements normally posed by real-world applications. While CBR2 from Inference Corporation can be considered sufficiently mature for the help-desk/customer-support applications; for other types of applications (such as planning, forecasting, design, etc.), the commercial tools need more powerful and flexible functionalities such as communication and integration with other applications (for embedded systems) and databases (for import and export of records from existing databases). A development environment that provides better support for building case libraries, and algorithms for more effective search and retrieval of cases, are needed to improve the performance of case-based systems. To overcome these shortcomings, tool developers need to consider combining CBR with other problem-solving mechanisms (mixed paradigm reasoning) to produce integrated architectures for hybrid systems (see later paragraph on hybrid systems). 6. RESEARCH CHALLENGESWhile CBR sounds simple enough, there are still unresolved weaknesses at this point in time. There are three main issues:
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