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APPENDIX
Medical Expert Systems Developed from 1992 to 1996
 
Year System Domain Knowledge representation
 
1992 Bernelot Moens H.J. (AI/RHEUM) Rheumatology Rule-based reasoning
  Satomura Y. et al. Medical diagnosis Rule-based reasoning
  A-Rassk M. et al. (QSAR) Molecularity Rule-based reasoning (tree-structured series of rules)
  Schecke T. et al. Cardiology Fuzzy
  Metz D.E. et al. Acoustics Neural networks
  Fischer F. et al. Self-instruction Rule-based reasoning
  Musen M.A. (PROTEGE-II) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Lanzola G. et al. Medical diagnosis Rule-based reasoning
  Lill W. et al. Skull structure (maxillofacial area) Case-based reasoning
  Karp P.D. Metabolism Rule-based reasoning
  Learning M.S. et al. Oncology Rule-based reasoning
  Heathfield H. et al. Breast disease Rule-based reasoning
  Macura (CBT-RAD) Tutor for neuroradiology Case-based reasoning
  Guigo R. et al. Genetics Rule-based reasoning
  Long W.J. et al. Cardiology (Heart failure) Rule-based reasoning
  Rapoport G.N. et al. Bioscience Rule-based reasoning
  Stoker N.G. et al. General surgery Case-based reasoning
  Niemierko A. (RONSC) Radiation Therapy (Tumor control and normal tissue) Case-based reasoning
  Sneiderman C.A. et al. Medical Thesauruses Rule-based reasoning
  Uckun S. Biomedicine Model-based reasoning
  Engle R.L. Medical diagnosis Rule-based reasoning
  Demiling L. Medicine Chaos research, fuzzy logic
  Xing Y. et al. (QUALICON) Neurology Rule-based reasoning
  Valdiguie P.M. et al. Biochemistry Case-based reasoning
  Bonadonna F. et al. Radiology Visual knowledge processing
  Heckerman D.E. et al. (Pathfinder-Part I) Medical diagnosis (Lymph node disease) Non-decision-theoretic
  Kotzke K. Nuclear medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Heckerman D.E. et al. (Part II) Medical diagnosis Decision theory Rule-based reasoning
  Ohmann C. et al. Gastroenterology Decision analysis
  Dupuits F.M.H.M. (HIOSa) Daily medical care Rule-based reasoning
  Fuzzy decision making (Yoshida K.) Uncertainty in medical decision-making Fuzzy set theory
  Popper M. (OOP) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Sotiropouls M.Th. Urology Concepts structure
  Miller (Q M R) Medicine Case-based reasoning
  Amaral M.B. (DSM-IIIR) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Amaral M.B. (NLP, DSM-IIIR) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Karp V.P. (Consilium-1) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Zhong Lijie (CHDDT) Congenital heart disease Rule-based reasoning
  Sawar M.J. (POEMS) Postoperative care Case-based reasoning Rule-based reasoning
  Schwaiger J. et al. (NIMON) Renal disease Rule-based reasoning (Causal probabilistic networks)
  Ketikidis P.H. et al. (ARRES) Adverse respiratory and circulatory conditions in post-anaesthesia Rule-based reasoning
  Ferri F. et al. (VOQUEL) Pancreatic disease Rule-based reasoning
  Bonfa I. et al. Chronic liver disease Rule-based reasoning
  Ohayon M. et al. (Adinfer) Psychiatry Rule-based reasoning
  Ong L.S. et al. Hospital bed Rule-based reasoning
  Bayasitoglu A. et al. Liver disease Rule-based reasoning
  Johansson B.G. et al. Medicine Arden syntax, C++
  Leao B. de F. et al. Congenital heart disease Three-layer model
  Fuge C.F. et al. Diabetic disease (Hyperglycemia) Computer-assisted instruction
  Berger J. (ROENTGEN) Radiation therapy Case-based reasoning
  Wenkebach U. et al. Critical care patients Rule-based reasoning
  Shahar Y. et al. Patient monitoring Three temporal-abstraction mechanism
  Muggletion S. et al. Biology Rule-based reasoning
  Westenskow D.R. et al. Anesthesiology (Misdiagnosis) Neural networks
  King R.D. et al. (GOLEM) Pharmacy Rule-based reasoning
  Shoemaker W.C. et al. Hemodynamic (oxygen transport) Physiology model based
1993 Alnahi H. et al. Molecular biology Statistical inductive algorithm
  Cohen D. et al. DNA crystallographic data Rule-based reasoning
  Clark D.A. et al. (CBS1, CBS2) Protein structure Logic language
  Clerkauer K.J. et al. Protein structure Neural networks
  Aaronson J.S. et al. Nucleic acid Case-based reasoning
  Mephu Nguifo E. et al. Genetics Symbolic-numeric machine learning system
  Bahler D. et al. Chemical carcinogen Rule-based reasoning (Induction-based method)
  Leng B. et al. Protein structure Case-based reasoning
  Graves M. (WEAVE) Genetics Rule-based reasoning
  Ferran E.A. et al. Protein structure Neural networks
  Conkklin D. et al. Protein structure Rule-based reasoning
  Widman L.E. et al. (EINTHOVEN) Cardiology Model-based system Heuristic rules
  Brezillon P.J. et al. (SAIC) DNA sequence Rule-based reasoning
  Lamb D.J. et al. Male infertility Neural networks
  Chow J.L. et al. (NMRES) Cardiology Rule-based reasoning
  Cavallo V. et al. Radiology Computer-based simulation
  Coleman W.P. et al. Physiologic Computational logic
  Weiver A. Decision-making of critical care (Life-support) Rule-based reasoning
  Lau F. et al. Hemodynamics Case-based reasoning
  Shahar Y. et al. (RESUME) Patient monitoring CLIPS knowledge-representation shell
  Berman L. et al. (DBX) Biomedicine Rule-based reasoning
  Tong D.A. et al. Cardiology (Electrocardiograph) Rule-based reasoning
  Rozenbojn J. et al. Clinical diagnosis ESE IBM Expert system language
  McKenzie D.P. et al. Diagnostic decision Rules, Linear discriminant analysis
  Giuse N.B. et al. Acute perinephric abscess Rule-based reasoning
  Cimino J.J. et al. Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  McGonigal M.D. et al. Trauma Neural networks
  Bishop C.W. et al. Medical records, drug and test ordering Rule-based reasoning
  Barosi G. et al. Medical diagnosis Diagnostic reasoning
  Ohayon M.M. Psychiatry Rule-based reasoning
  Mastsuo Y. et al. Protein structure Rule-based reasoning
  van Daalen C. et al. Neurology (Brachial plexus injuries) Rule-based reasoning
  Reeke G.N. Jr. et al. Neuroscience Neural networks
  Aynsley M. et al. Biotechnology Neural networks
  Ebell M.H. Cardiology (CPR) Neural networks
  Scott R. Nuclear medicine Neural networks
  Scott J.A. et al. Lung scan Neural networks
  Klopman G. et al. Mutagenicity Case-based reasoning
  Mural R.J. et al. Genetics (DNA sequence) Rule-based reasoning
  Wildnar M. et al. Waiting lists Fuzzy logic
  Cibulskis R.E. et al. Health service Rule-based reasoning
  Howells, S.L. et al. Tumor Neural networks
  Cohen O. et al. (RCPc) Genetics Rule-based reasoning
  Stemberg M.J. et al. (GOLEM) Protein structure Rule-based reasoning
  Sumner W. et al. Medical practice Rule-based reasoning
  Dojat M. et al. Ventilation of patients Rule-based reasoning
  Tape T.G. et al. Ambulatory care Rule-based reasoning
  Poon A.D. et al. Medical care Rule-based reasoning
  Bradabwm (FLORENCE) Nursing care Case-based reasoning
  Smith (Psychotherapy) Psychotherapy of addictive behavior and psychological trauma Case-based reasoning
  Jang (HYDI) Heart disease Case-based reasoning
  Modai L. et al. Psychiatry Neural networks
  Nicolas S.T. et al. Human sleep Neural networks
  Jack V.T. et al. Cardiac surgery Neural networks
  James R.G. Amnesia in diffuse cerebral atrophy Neural networks
  Khan (ISIS) diagnostic imaging procedure Case-based reasoning
1994 Paoli G. et al. Hematology Rule-based reasoning
  Leng B. et al. Protein analysis Case-based reasoning
  Hafner C.D. et al. Biology Rule-based reasoning
  Bichindaritz (Psychiatry) Eating disorder Case-based reasoning
  Chae Y.M. et al. Allergic rhinitis Neural networks Case-based reasoning
  Kim J.A. et al. Nursing scheduling Neural networks
1995 Dojat M. et al. Medicine Object-oriented programming Rule-based reasoning
  Likothanasis S.D. et al. Cervix cancer Neural networks
  Karp P.D. Molecular biology Neural networks
  Prokosch H.U. et al. Rheumatology Semantic networks
  Van den Heuvel F. et al. (SmaCS) Heart disease Rule-based reasoning
  Boegl K. et al. Rheumatologic disease Fuzzy theory
  Learner B. et al. Genetics Neural networks
  Sukhaswami M.B. et al. Telugu (Characters) Neural networks
  Korning P.G. Genetics Neural networks
  Kischell E.R. et al. Neuroradiology Neural networks
  Safran C. et al. Patient record Rule-based reasoning
  Babic A. et al. Asymptomatic liver disease Neural networks
  Doering A. et al. Epilepsy Neural networks
  Dumitra A. et al. Psychiatric mood disorder Neural networks
  Leao B. et al. (HYCON S II) CHD and renal disease Neural networks
  Ohno-Machado L. et al. AIDS Neural networks
  Witte H. et al. Epilepsy Neural networks
  Yoshida K. et al. Hepatobiliary disease Neural networks Fuzzy rules
  Ichimura T. et al. Hepatobiliary disease Neural networks Fuzzy rules
  Tsumoto S. et al. Headache and facial pain Probabilitic rule-based reasoning
  Tong D.A. et al. Cardiology Telemedicine system
  Dore L. et al. (CPR) Hypertension Object oriented reasoning
  Ambrosino R. et al. Cost-effective health care Rule-based reasoning
  Ryder R.M. et al. Cardiovascular rehabilitation Rule-based reasoning
  Hogan W.R. et al. Medicine Belief network (For encoding reminder rules)
  Haddawy P. et al. (BNG) Cardiology Bayesian networks
  Hadzikadic M. et al. Trauma Standard logistic regression
  Kuperman G.J. et al. Pharmacy Rule-based reasoning
  Boon-Ralleur A.L. et al. Hyperthyroid Rule-based reasoning
  Smart J.R. et al. Pathology Rule-based reasoning
  Hosseini-Nezhad S.M. et al. Pediatric Neural networks
  Spyropoulos B. et al. Nosology Case-based reasoning
  Astion M.L. et al. Rheumatic disease Neural networks
  Ozkarahan I. Health care costs in operation room Rule-based reasoning
  Place J.F. et al. Medicine Neural networks
  Duong D.V. et al. Semiotic IAC neural networks
  Mayer-Ohly E. et al. (MEDRISK) Insurance medical knowledge Rule-based reasoning
  Shahar Y. et al. (RESUME) Diabetes Knowledge-based temporal abstraction
  Anderson J.D. Clinical uncertainty Case-based reasoning
  Boom R.A. (TICITL) Jaundice, fever, acute high upper quadrant abdominal pain Case-based reasoning
  Alendahl K. Primary health care Rule-based reasoning
  Cl ret M. (ADMa) Cardiology, pathologies Rule-based reasoning
  Ferri F. (CADMIO) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Fiore M. (MUMPS) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Mann G. Medicine Object-oriented system
  Ohmann C. Acute abdominal pain Rule-based reasoning
  Schmidt R. (ICONS) Antibiotics therapy Case-based reasoning
  Baatar S. (RGT) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Hofest R. (METABOLICA) Metabolic disease Rule-based reasoning
  Kindler H. (FORMs) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Lau F. ICU care Case-based reasoning
  Narita Y. (3-AND-3-OR) Medicine Rule-based reasoning
  Steimann F. Toxoplasmasis Rule-based reasoning
  Kovacs M. (Auctoriatas) Psychiatry Rule-based reasoning
  Nguyen H.P. (CHROMASSIa) Painful syndromes and chronic disease Rule-based reasoning
  Balas E.A. (QFES) Diabetes Rule-based reasoning
  Edwards G.A. (PEIRS) Pathology Rule-based reasoning
  Frize M. Intensive care Case-based reasoning
  Schriger D.L. (EDECS) Clinical guidelines Rule-based reasoning
  Safran C. HIV Case-based reasoning
  Richards B. Drug therapy in intensive care Rule-based reasoning
  Brai A. (ALERT) Anthrax, plague, smallpox Case-based reasoning
  Sternberg M.J. et al. Protein STAMP algorithm
  Evans C.D. Dysmorphology Case-based reasoning
  Li Y.C. et al. The behavior of physicians Rule-based reasoning
  Seroussi B. et al. Hemato-oncology Rule-based reasoning
  Siregar P. (CAI) Cardiology Rule-based reasoning
  Ito M. (SAPIEN-Tx) Renal disease Rule-based reasoning
  Park H.A. Stomach cancer Neural networks
  Schriger D.L. (EDECS) Emergency patient Rule-based reasoning
1996 Thews O. et al. Leukemia Semantic networks
  Derks E.P. (PCV) Chemical information Neural networks
  Brickley M.R. et al. Dentistry Neural networks
  Sabbatini R.M. Electrocardiograms Electroencephalograms Neural networks
  Leao B.D. et al. Medicine Combinatorial neural networks Fuzzy ARTMAP model Semantic ART
  Wallner F. Ophthalmology Fuzzy
  Davenprot J.C. et al. Dentistry Rule-based reasoning
  Miao J. et al. Hematology Bayes Gaussia classification
  Dojat M. et al. Ventilation Rule-based reasoning
  White S.C. Dentistry Rule-based reasoning Bayesian conditional probability
  Michiko H. et al. Diabetes mellitus Rule-based reasoning Fuzzy
  Kim S.K. Headache Fuzzy Neural networks
  Peter S. et al. (FHDSS) Fetal health Rule-based reasoning Object-oriented method
  Garibaldi J.M. et al. Umbilical cord blood Fuzzy logic Rule-based reasoning
  Mcalister M.J. et al. Color blindness Rule-based reasoning Multimedia system
  Chae Y.M. et al. Asthma Neural networks Case-based reasoning Discriminant analysis
  Takahashi E. et al. Hypertension Rule-based reasoning
  Mann G. et al. Collagen disease Rule-based reasoning
  Godard P. et al. (Asthmaexpert) Asthma Rule-based reasoning Statistical method
  Zbigniew S. et al. (SEKSDIAM) Orthodontia Neural networks
  Alexander R. et al. Ischemia heart disease Fuzzy set theory
  John L.N. et al. Diabetes Rule-based reasoning
  Kristian G. et al. Diagnosis of multiple diseases Causal probabilistic networks
  Wiesman F. et al. Biomedical literature Neural networks
  Gongxian C. et al. Optic nerve diseases Neural networks (SOM)
  David B. et al. Radiology (Image retrieval) Case-based reasoning Heuristic rules
  Paulescu N. et al. (FITOTER) Phytotherapy Rule-based reasoning
  Kokol P.Z. et al. (RO2SE) Cardiology Object-oriented method
  Meeking D.R. et al. (DIAS) Diabetes Causal probabilistic network
  Erkki P. Acute abdominal pain Neural networks
  Marek W.K. et al. Acute renal failure Rule-based reasoning
  Frauendienst G. et al. Inborn error Causal probabilistic networks Rule-based reasoning
  McCullagh P.J. et al. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials Neural networks
  Ankica B. et al. Chronic hepatitis C Rule-based reasoning
  Gudrun Z. et al. Claucoma Fuzzy rules Neural networks
  Iaid B. et al. Clinical decision Rule-based reasoning
  Gogou G. et al. (DBIRA) Diabetes Rule-based reasoning
  Rainer S. et al. Kidney function Case-based reasoning
  Fatima T. et al. Hypertension Rule-based reasoning
  Mann G. et al. Lupus erythematosus Rule-based reasoning
  Emilia S. et al. (MetEnerg) Metabolic emergencies Rule-based reasoning
  Gogou G. et al. (AntibiolS) Antibiosis (Antibiotic prescription) Rule-based reasoning (DELPHI language)
  Simona A. et al. Alternative medicine Traditional chinese methods (CompAc)
  Park H.A. et al. Nursing scheduling Neural networks
  Park K.S. et al. Leukemia Case-based reasoning
a Clinical use.
 
Source: Medline database; Proceedings of the Medical Informatics Europe ‘96; Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Expert Systems; Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Medical Informatics.


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