Table of Contents


Index

Symbols

@ (at sign) command, 275
|| concatenation operator, 124
2-tier network computing, 44
3-tier network computing, 45-46
24-7 operations, 559

A

A SQL*Plus command, 533
abandoning migration, 117
ACCEPT SQL*Plus command, 536
acceptable data loss, 559
acceptable downtime, 559
Access (Microsoft), 17
access method transparency (Oracle Transparent Gateways), 150
access privileges, 243
accessing
data types, 236
files, 201-202
non-Oracle databases with Web Application Server 3.0, 702-703
Recovery Manager, 421
sequences, 231
stored procedures, 230
tables, 223, 228
views, 228
accidental destruction of data, 419
accuracy (data), 220, 236
action libraries, 735-736
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), 643
AddProduct() method, 289
AdHawk Monitor (Quest Software), 555
AdHawk Spacer utility (Quest Software), 553
admin directories, 87, 214
admin option grant, 271
administration
directories, 87, 214
remote administration, 501-502
Security Server, 13
administrators
queues, 402-405
replication administrators, 322-324
ADO (ActiveX Data Objects), 643
Advanced Program to Program Communication (APPC) protocol, 154
agents (queues), 402
alert dbname.log (database alert log file), 451-452
alert log files, 212
housekeeping, 213
location, 212
processes, 212
purging, 213
alerts (DBMS ALERT PL/SQL package), 394-396
algorithms
INTERSECT algorithm, 632
LRU (least recently used) algorithm, 190, 192
merge-join algorithm, 631-632
nested loop algorithm, 632-633
UNION algorithm, 632
UNION ALL algorithm, 632
ALL ROWS hint, 634
allocation
memory, 88-89, 794
preallocation of data files, 202-203
semaphores, 588
ALTER ANY privileges
CLUSTER, 255
INDEX, 255
PROCEDURE, 256
ROLE, 256
SEQUENCE, 256
SNAPSHOT, 256
TABLE, 257
TRIGGER, 257
ALTER DATABASE database maintenance privilege, 259
ALTER object privilege, 246
sequences, 251
tables, 250
ALTER database maintenance privileges
PROFILE, 259
RESOURCE COST, 259
ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 259
SYSTEM, 260
TABLESPACE, 260
USER, 260
ALTER SESSION
statement, 346
user privilege, 252
ALTER TABLE
object privilege, 223
statement, 854
ANALYZE ANY privilege, 255
ANALYZE statement, 350, 612-616, 810-811
checking structural integrity, 353
data dictionary statistics, 353-356
finding chained rows, 353
gathering statistics with, 350-352
running, 350
analyzing
daily processing cycle, 78
SQL statements, 356-357
traffic patterns, 78
AND EQUAL hint, 614, 634
Andreesen, Marc, 677
ANSI SQL migration, 124-125
ANY privileges, 245, 254-259
APIs (application program interfaces)
CORBA APIs, 25
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 663-664
architecture, 654
batching execution, 658-659
capabilities, 657
defining query columns, 662-663
evolution, 653
functions, 658
JDBC Thin, 654, 658
limitations, 657
metadata, 660
PL/SQL, 659-660
prefetch, 662
purpose, 653
setup, 655-657
SQLJ, 654
streaming, 661
methods, 287
OCI APIs
OCIExtProcAllocCall Memory(), 732
OCIExtProcGetEnv(), 732
OCIExtProcRaiseExcp(), 732
OCIProRaiseExcp- WithMsg(), 732
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 652
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), 643
architecture, 643-644
capabilities, 648-649
connecting with Oracle8, 648
Data Access Objects (DAO), 643
evolution, 642
limitations, 648-649
Net8, 644
optimization, 649-651
Oracle, 643
purpose, 642
Remote Data Objects (RDO), 643
setup, 645-648
troubleshooting, 651-652
proprietary APIs, 40
Web Request Broker (WRB), 701
X/Open, 796-797
APPEND new text SQL*Plus command, 533
Apple Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
applets, 60
Media Cartridge, 833
World Wide Web, 740-741
application cartridges, 718-719
communication, 719
developing, 726
execution, 724
NCA architecture, 723-724
PERL application cartridge, 719
PL/SQL application cartridge, 719
application code
pinning in DBMS shared pool package, 607
tuning, 606-608
application disks, 86
application partitioning, 783, 790-791
application program interfaces, see APIs
application servers, 47-48
applications
backups, 419
connection processing, 338
design, 723-724
developers, 9
reviewing installation plans with, 84
upgrade support, 96
development with Personal Oracle, 68-69
high-end applications, 836-837
integrating environments, 14
memory, 196
monitoring, 468
network computers, 50
network computing environment, 36-37
object applications
extensibility, 38
Java, 38-39
JavaBeans, 42-43
maintenance, 37-38
reuse, 38
OLTP applications
asynchronous I/O, 793
availability requirements, 782
backups, 809-810
batch data loading, 810
checkpoints, 793
cluster indexes, 795
clustering technologies, 782
clusters, 793-795
column functions, 804
design, 783, 802-803
developing, 803-807
external procedures, 803-804
fragmentation, 810-811
hash clusters, 795
host variables, 804-806
index-only tables, 795-796
indexes, 792-793, 845
literals, 804-806
managing, 812
memory allocation, 794
objects, 796
ODBC, 806
optimization, 806-807
Oracle Parallel Server (OPS), 782
PL/SQL, 803
planning, 812
rollback segments, 794
rowid, 804
security, 807-809
stress testing, 811
tables, 792-793
testing, 811
Transaction Process (TP) monitor, 796
UNIX, 797-802
users, 782-783
uses, 782
operating system migration, 126
optimizing, 344
portability, 125
query optimization, 627
termination, 339
testing
after software upgrades, 94, 96
Personal Oracle, 69
tuning, 587, 624
disk requirements, 588-591
index design, 635
memory requirements, 587-588
query optimization, 624-631, 633-638
applying constraints, 237
ARCH (Archiver), 92, 180, 450
architecture, 16, 54-55
additions, 8
benchmarks, 58
client/server architecture, 35, 181
clustering, 56, 58
communications mechanisms, 24-25
configurations
multiprocessor configurations, 26
Windows NT, 27-28
cooperative processing, 56
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), 41
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 654
legacy systems, 56
memory
hard disk storage areas, 17-18, 21-24
shared memory areas, 17-18, 20-21
NC (Network Computer) architecture, 59
network computing, 44
2-tier, 44
3-tier, 45-46
application servers, 47-48
clients, 45-47
database servers, 48-49
Web servers, 47-48
Network Computing Architecture (NCA)
history, 678-681
universal application server, 677
universal client, 677
universal data server, 677
World Wide Web, 676-678
networks, 718, 723-724
NT, 60
Object Management Architecture (OMA), 42
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 643-644
open systems, 60
operating systems, 16
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 86, 104, 214-215
directories, 86-88
sizing disk space, 87
parallel processing, 56-57
Parallel Server, 783-785
processes, 18
background processes, 17-18
checkpoint processes, 19
data writing processes, 19
logging processes, 19
main processes, 173
monitoring processes, 19
user processes, 19
support, 14
tolerance, 26-27
UNIX, 60
Web server architecture, 182-183
work environments, 16
World Wide Web, 667-668
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 671-675
HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol), 668-671
Java, 676
JavaScript, 676
archive log files, 23, 201, 206
storage, 207
troubleshooting, 205, 208
writing, 205, 207-208
archive processes, 450
archive redo log files
backups, 562
Automatic Archive, 563
mirroring, 563
checkpointing, 563-564
ARCHIVELOG mode
backups, 562, 572
Automatic Archive, 563
cold backups, 564
hot backups, 564
mirroring, 563
online redo log files, 205
redo log files, 205
Archiver (ARCH), 92, 180, 450
archiving
audit trails, 464-465
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 852-854
ARIS Corporation
DFRAG utility, 553
Web address, 553
arrays, see VARRAYs
assigning
grants, 269, 274
admin option, 271
limitations, benefits of, 271
limits, 271
public option, 271, 275
roles, 274
scripts, 275-276
roles, 273
tables to tablespaces, 222
async
read parameter, 114
write parameter, 114
asynchronous I/O in OLTP applications, 793
asynchronous replication (databases), 164-165
at (@) sign command, 275
attributes, 286-287
char attribute, 287
date attribute, 287
jobs, 477
long attribute, 287
number attribute, 287
object types, 728
REF attribute, 296
user-defined, 287
varchar2 attribute, 287
AUDIT ANY privilege, 255
audit files, 201
audit queries, 465-467
AUDIT statement, 457-458
AUDIT SYSTEM monitoring privilege, 260
audit trails, 454
archiving, 464-465
auditing, 464
databases, 455
data dictionary views, 456-457
SYS.AUD$, 456
SYS.AUD$ table, 455-456
managing, 463-465
monitoring size of, 468-469
operating systems, 455
parameters, 211, 454-455
purging, 464
auditing
audit trails, 464
databases, 448, 454, 458
AUDIT statement, 457-458
audit trails, 454-457
disabling, 455
enabling, 454-455
examples, 465-467
management, 463-465
privileges, 460-461
reasons for auditing, 454
sessions, 458-459
statements, 459-460
triggers, 467
logs, 761
objects, 461-463
OLTP applications, 809
authentication
Security Server, 510
users (Web Application Server 3.0), 703-704
autoexend option, 213
automatic
refreshing of snapshots (data), 319
resizing of data files, 213
Automatic Archive (archive redo log files), 563
automating backups, 573
cold backups, 574-578
hot backups, 578-582
availability needs (data), 558
24-7 operations, 559
acceptable data loss, 559
acceptable downtime, 559
data warehouses, 559-560
maintenance schedules, 560
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 840

B

b-trees (indexes), 64-65
BACKGROUND DUMP DEST parameter, 211-212, 596
background processes, 17-18
initializing, 453
listing of common ones, 450
monitoring, 451-452
SNP background processes, 475-476
SQL*Net connections, 422
backout plan from upgrades, 94-95
BACKUP ANY TABLE privilege, 257
backups, 558
24-7 operations, 559
acceptable data loss, 559
acceptable downtime, 559
applications, 419
ARCHIVELOG mode, 562, 572
Automatic Archive, 563
cold backups, 564
hot backups, 564
mirroring, 563
cold backups, 420, 564, 571
ARCHIVELOG mode, 564
automating, 574-578
recovery, 582
redo log files, 564
data warehouses, 559-560
databases, 558
definition of, 558
existing systems, 112-117
files
archive redo log files, 562-563
control files, 560-561
data files, 418
database files, 561
init.org file, 562
redo log files, 561-562, 564
SQL*Net configuration files, 562
frequency, 558
grandfathering, 573
hardware
RAID drives, 568-569
standby databases, 569-571
hot backups, 420, 564, 572
ARCHIVELOG mode, 564
automating, 578-582
control files, 561
recovery, 583
redo log files, 564
incremental backups, 11, 63-64
Export utility, 528, 565-567, 572
Import utility, 528, 565-567, 572
levels, 11
maintenance schedules, 560
management, 12
migration, 112-117
OLTP applications, 809-810
parallel backups, 63-64
recovery management, 12
Recovery Manager, 421, 856, 858-860
schemes, 571
ARCHIVELOG mode, 572
automating, 573-582
cold backups, 571
hot backups, 572
incremental backups, 572
selecting the best one, 573
standby databases, 573
standby databases, 420, 569, 573
configuration, 569-570
maintenance, 570
recovery, 571
system backups, 558
tablespaces, 64
upgrades, 95, 112-117
user needs, 79
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 856, 858-860
banking, 820
base types (objects), 299-301
batch data loads
OLTP applications, 810
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 851
batch processing, 449, 453
batching execution in JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 658-659
BEA Tuxedo, 796-797
BECOME USER database maintenance privilege, 260
benchmarks, 58
Berners-Lee, Tim, 667, 680
beta test period, 8
BFILE
data cartridges, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379-380
objects, 304-306
BFILENAME function, 380
binary large objects (BLOBs), 304-306
data cartridges, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379
binary trees (indexes), 64-65
binding variables, 343
bit-mapped indexes, 65-66
bitmap indexes, 608-609
partitioning, 842
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 847-849
bitmap media object, 827
BLOBs (binary large objects), 304-306
data cartridges, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379
blocks (tablespaces), 427-428
coalescing, 429
defaults, 435
BMC Software Patrol, 474
BorderStyle property (Video Custom Control), 830
Bradmark Technology, Inc.
DB General Performance Monitoring, 554
DB General Server Manager, 551
SQL Performance Tuner, 553
Web address, 551, 553-554
BREAK SQL*Plus command, 534-535
broadcasting, 818
BROKEN procedure (DBMS JOB package), 480
browsers for applets, 60
BTITLE SQL*Plus command, 534
buffers
database buffer cache, 189-190
log buffer, 179
redo log buffer, 21, 190-191
tables, 176
bugs, documentation of, 82
building
gateways, 157-164
privilege schemes, 268, 283-284
Repository (Enterprise Manager), 486-487
business metadata, 769-770
business users
needs, 77-79
privileges
access privileges, 243
history, 241
implementation, 242-243
object privileges, 243-244
Oracle6, 241-242
Oracle7, 242
Oracle8, 242
purpose, 241
roles, 242
businesses on the internet, 58-59
button media object, 827
bypassing indexes, 365

C

C cartridge (Web Application Server 3.0), 701
C SQL*Plus command, 533
CACHE hint, 614
CACHE SIZE THRESHOLD parameter, 785
CACHE/NOCACHE parameter, 307
caches
data dictionary cache, 21, 192
database buffer cache, 21, 189-190
calculating
index size, 439-441
table size, 436-439
call method, 742-743
callbacks (OCI callbacks), 732
calling methods within other programs, 25
cartridges, 718
application cartridges, 718-719
communication, 719
execution, 724
Perl application cartridge, 719
PL/SQL application cartridge, 719
client cartridges, 718
data cartridges, 13, 720
advantages, 724
Context data cartridge, 721
data types, 724
designing, 727
developing, 732-734
execution, 724
extensions, 725, 727-730
external procedures, 730-732
features, 725
Image data cartridge, 720-722
installing, 735, 737
interfaces, 726
Network data cartridge, 720-721
Spatial data cartridge, 720, 722
testing, 734
Text data cartridge, 720
Time Series data cartridge, 720, 722
Video data cartridge, 720, 722
Virage data cartridge, 723
deploying, 735, 737
developing, 726, 732-734
NCA architecture, 723-724
testing, 734
Time Series cartridge, 107
Web Application Server 3.0, 685-687
C cartridge, 701
custom cartridges, 701-702
InterCartridge Exchange (ICX), 702
Java, 698-699
Live HTML, 701
OCI (Oracle Call Interface), 701
ODBC, 699-701
Perl, 701
PL/SQL, 687-698
CATBLOCK utility, 474
ccf io size parameter, 114
CD-ROMs and tablespaces, 203, 425
CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics), 680
CGI (Common Gateway Interface), 670
chained rows
finding, 353
tablespaces, 429-430
change numbers in data files, 202
CHANGE/target text/new text/ SQL*Plus command, 533
char attribute, 287
char(size) data type, 222
character large objects (CLOBs), 304-306
checking structural integrity with ANALYZE statement, 353
checklists
installation, 83
tuning, 621
CHECKPOINT PROCESS init.ora file parameter, 596-597
checkpoint process parameter, 114
checkpoint processes, 19, 92, 450
checkpoints
archive redo log files, 563-564
OLTP applications, 793
child tables
parent tables, 432
referential integrity, 431-432, 525
choosing technologies for data warehouses, 751-752
CHPT processes, 450
CHUNK parameter, 307
classes (DriverManager), 742
classification model (data mining), 777
clauses
STORE AS clause, 307
where clause, 223, 225
CLEAR SQL*Plus command, 534
client cartridges, 718
developing, 726
NCA architecture, 723-724
client-based systems in EIS (executive information system), 774
client/server architecture, 35, 181
clients in network computing architecture, 45-47
ClipboardFrameFormat property (Video Custom Control), 830
CLOBs (character large objects), 304-306
data cartridges, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379
CLUSTER hint, 614
cluster indexes in OLTP applications, 795
clustering technologies, 56, 58
locking
operating systems, 784
platforms, 784
nodes, 58, 783
failure, 784
number of, 784
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 782
redundancy, 783
clusters, 218, 365-366
creating, 230
data mining, 777
definition, 230-231
hash clusters, 366-367, 795
OLTP applications, 793-795
purpose, 220
coalescing tablespace blocks, 429
code
application code
pinning in DBMS shared pool package, 607
tuning, 606-608
extraction and scrubbing process, data warehouses, 762-765
p-code, 606
SQL statements, 620
SQL*Plus, 548-551
tuning, 442, 606
code tables in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 855
cold backups, 420, 564, 571
ARCHIVELOG mode, 564
automating, 574-578
recovery, 582
redo log files, 564
collecting statistics with cost-based optimizer, 630
collections (data cartridges), 729
COLUMN SQL*Plus command, 534-535
columns
indexes, 364
OLTP applications, 804
query columns, defining, 662-663
status column (tablespaces), 234
tables, 220
calculating size of, 437-439
constraints, 236-237
creating, 221
data types, 221-222
names, 222
privileges, 252
sizes, 222
combining dimension tables (star schemas), 756-757
command files for SQL*Plus, creating, 533
command line
Export utility, 433, 526-527
Import utility, 434, 527
management, 276
SQL*Loader, 435, 528-529
commands
@ (at sign) command, 275
ANALYZE command, 612-616
CREATE command, 221
CREATE TABLE command, 436
CREATE ROLE command, 272-273
DROP ROLE command, 274
GRANT command, 269, 272
MAXEXTENTS command, 435
MINEXTENTS command, 435
READ ONLY command, 426
REBUILD command, 446
REVOKE command, 269
SET ROLE command, 273
START command, 275
SQL*Plus, 529-530
A, 533
ACCEPT, 536
APPEND new text, 533
BREAK, 534-535
BTITLE, 534
C, 533
CHANGE/target text/new text/, 533
CLEAR, 534
COLUMN, 534-535
COMPUTE, 535
DEFINE, 536
DEL, 533
DESC, 536
DESCRIBE, 536
EDIT filename, 533
editing commands, 533
execute commands, 532
formatting commands, 534-535
GET filename, 533
HELP topic, 532
HOST, 532
I, 533
INPUT text, 533
L, 533
LIST number, 533
PAUSE, 536
PROMPT, 536
REM, 536
REMARK, 536
RUN, 532
RUNFORM, 532
SAVE filename, 533
security, 530
SET, 536-537
SPOOL, 537
START filename param1 param2, 533-534
TIMING, 532
TTITLE, 535, 539
UNDEFINE, 537
triggers, 254
UNIX
iostat -d, 591
ipcrm -m <id, 444
ipcrm -s <id, 444
ipcs -m command, 444
ipcs -s command, 444
mypump, 824
sar, 588
sar -d, 591
svrmgrl, 525
svrmgrl @filename command, 525
COMMENT ANY TABLE privilege, 257
COMMIT statement, 339
commits
transactions, 152-153, 339
two-phase commits, 327
Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 670
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), 41
APIs, 25
compliance, 9-10
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP), 41
Object Request Broker (ORB), 41
communication
cartridges, 719
CORBA, 41
Mechanisms, 24-25
pinging, 786
PL/SQL processes
DBMS ALERT PL/SQL package, 394-396
DBMS OUTPUT PL/SQL package, 408-410
DBMS PIPE PL/SQL package, 396-401
redundant communication, 325
utilities, 25
World Wide Web, 34
Communication Daemon (Enterprise Manager), 494
compatible parameter, 211
complex data types (objects), 303-305
BFILEs, 304-306, 379-380, 730
BLOBs, 304-306, 379, 730
CLOBs, 304-306, 379, 730
NCLOBs, 304-306. 379, 730
complex replication, 321-327
composite indexes, 365
compound queries, 632-633
COMPUTE SQL*Plus command, 535
computers
mainframe computers, 33
network computers, 49-50
applications, 50
components, 50
dumb terminals, 51
Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
vendors, 51
personal computers
client/server architecture, 35
purpose of, 35-36
total cost of ownership (TCO), 33, 35
computing
network computing, 32
applications, 36-37
architecture, 44-49
benefits, 37
communication, 34
CORBA, 41
data, 36
Java, 38-39
JavaBeans, 42-43
mainframe computers, 33
object technology, 37-38
personal computers, 33, 35
servers, 33
services, 36
standards, 36
technologies, 33-34
World Wide Web, 33-34
pc computing
client/server architecture, 35
pitfalls, 35-36
concatenation
|| concatenation operator, 124
SQL, 544
concentrators (Connection Manager), 421, 423
config.ora file, 23, 209-210
configurations
Enterprise Manager, 486
discovering new services, 489-490
Intelligent Agent, 487-489
preferences, 490-491
Repository, 486-487
Intelligent Agent, 487-489
JDBC drivers, 655-657
multiprocessor configurations, 26
Net8, 517-521
ODBC drivers, 645-648
standby databases, 569-570
stored configurations, 503
SQL*Net, 562
Windows NT, 27-28
conflicts, 328
delete conflicts, 329
resolution, 327
update conflicts, 329-331
virtual policy, 327
uniqueness conflicts, 328
update conflicts, 328-331
Connect role, 510
CONNECT users, 241, 245
connecting
databases
database links, 321
networks, 321
hardware, 147
Net8, 418, 421
Connection Manager, 423-424
dispatchers, 423
listener processes, 423
listeners, 423
Name Services, 424
Security Server, 424
networks, 149
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 648
operating systems, 146-147
paradigms, 148
RDBMSs, 147-148
SQL*Net, 418, 421-422
background process, 422
dispatchers, 422-423
listener process, 422
listeners, 422-423
multiprotocol interchange, 423
multithreaded servers, 422
Names Server, 424
Connection Manager, 13, 421
concentrators, 421, 423
firewall, 421, 423
multiprotocol interchange, 421
Net8, 423-424
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 838
connection pooling, 11, 838
connections
applications, processing, 338
internal connections and privileges, 261
constraints, 218, 236
applying, 237
DEFAULT constraint, 236
FOREIGN KEY constraint, 237
LIST OF VALUES constraint, 237
NOT NULL constraint, 236
NULL constraint, 236
PRIMARY KEY constraint, 237
purpose, 220
UNIQUE constraint, 236
constructs, 634-635
consultants
migration, 127
training programs, 9
contention, causes of, 442
Context data cartridge, 721
control files, 23, 201, 208
backups, 560-561
creating, 560
damaged control files, 208
finding, 561
inserting, 208
missing control files, 208
parameters, 211, 785
purpose, 208
Recovery Manager, 421
viewing, 561
CONTROL FILES init.ora file parameter, 597
controlling memory in System Global Area (SGA), 193-194
Conversion Generator (Data Conversion Tool), 135
Conversion Mapper (Data Conversion Tool), 135, 138
conversion views (Data Conversion Tool), 138
converting Oracle7.x database to Oracle8, 8, 10
cooked data files, 203
cookies, 671, 684, 697-698
cooperative processing, 56
CopyFrame method (Video Custom Control), 831
copying data, 109
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), 41
APIs, 25
compliance, 9-10, 25
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP), 41
Object Request Broker (ORB), 41
correlated subqueries, 607
cost-based optimizers, 347-349, 611-613, 626
benefits, 629
evaluation process, 630
gateways, 152
hints, 613-616
internal functioning, 630-631
OLTP applications, 806-807
statistic collection, 630
count parameter (SQL Trace), 359
CPU COUNT parameter, 785
cpu parameter (SQL Trace), 359
CREATE ANY privileges
CLUSTER, 255
DIRECTORY, 306
INDEX, 255
LIBRARY, 258
PROCEDURE, 255-256
SEQUENCE, 256
SNAPSHOT, 256
SYNONYM, 256
TABLE, 257
TRIGGER, 257
TYPE, 258
VIEW, 257-258
CREATE command, 221
CREATE database maintenance privileges
PROFILE, 259
PUBLIC DATABASE LINK, 259
ROLE, 259
ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 259
TABLESPACE, 260
CREATE developer privileges
CLUSTER, 253
DATABASE LINK, 253
LIBRARY, 254
PROCEDURE, 253
PUBLIC SYNONYM, 253
SEQUENCE, 253
SNAPSHOT, 253
SYNONYM, 253
TABLE, 254
TRIGGER, 254
TYPE, 254
VIEW, 254
CREATE object privileges
PACKAGE, 230
PROCEDURE, 230
PUBLIC SYNONYM, 229
SEQUENCE, 232
SYNONYM, 229
TABLE, 223
VIEW, 228
CREATE ROLE command, 272-273
CREATE SESSION user privilege, 252
CREATE SNAPSHOT statement, 318, 320
CREATE TABLE statement, 297-298, 436
CREATE TYPE BODY statement, 294
CREATE TYPE statement, 294
cross tabular reports (SQL*Plus), 539-541
cubes (data cubes), creating, 68
current parameter (SQL Trace), 359
cursors
creating, 340
SGA (System Global Area) shared pool, 192-193
custom cartridges (Web Application Server 3.0), 701-702
custom controls
methods, 830-832
properties, 830-832
customer dimension tables (star schemas), 756
customers
buying Oracle7.x versus Oracle8, 10
training programs, 9
customizing SQL*Plus environment, 530

D

Daemon Manager, 485
daily processing cycle, analyzing, 78
damaged files, 208
DAO (Data Access Object), 643
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), 666-667
data
accuracy, 220, 236
availability needs, 558
24-7 operations, 559
acceptable data loss, 559
acceptable downtime, 559
data warehouses, 559-560
maintenance schedules, 560
copying, 109
destruction
accidental destruction, 419
intentional destruction, 419-420
directories, 88
exporting
Export utility, 525-527
Fast Unload, 552
external data, 775
importing with Import utility, 525-527
legacy systems, 60
media data, 816
broadcasting, 818
database storage, 817
editing, 822
games, 820-821
help desk support, 819
home shopping, 820
kiosks, 819
Media Server, 821-824
multimedia, 816
network transmission, 825
news services, 820
presentations, 819
reference materials, 821
traditional storage methods, 817
training, 819
Video On Demand (VOD), 818, 820
metadata, 768
business metadata, 769-770
implementation, 770
management metadata, 768-769
Metadata Coalition, 770
standards, 770
system metadata, 768
migration, see migration
multiplexing with Connection Manager, 421
network computing environment, 36
redundancy and clustering technologies, 783
replicating, 164, 312
asynchronous replication, 164-165
complex replication, 321-326
conflict resolution, 327-331
deferred constraints, 334
fine grain quiesce, 335
historical data, 314
IBM Data Propagator, 165
limitations, 313
managing, 326-327
multi-master replication, 322
networks, 321
Replication Services, 166
statistical data, 314
survivability, 331-333
restoring, 95
snapshots
creating, 317-320
data warehouses, 315-317
logs, 320-321
refreshing, 317-319
storage, 318
tablespaces, 318
transaction consistent snapshots, 317
structures
logical data structure, 202
physical data structure, 202
traffic patterns, analyzing, 78
unstructured data, support for, 12
value, 61
Data Access Objects (DAO), 643
data cartridges, 13, 720
advantages, 724
Context data cartridge, 721
data types, 724
designing, 727
developing, 726, 732-734
execution, 724
extensions, 725, 727
collections, 729
LOBs, 730
object types, 728
external procedures, 730-732
debugging, 732
OCI callbacks, 732
features, 725
Image data cartridge, 720-722
installing, 735, 737
interfaces, 726
NCA architecture, 723-724
Network data cartridge, 720-721
Spatial data cartridge, 720, 722
testing, 734
Text data cartridge, 720
Time Series data cartridge, 720, 722
Video data cartridge, 720-722
Virage data cartridge, 723
Data Conversion Tool (DCT), 135-136
Conversion Generator, 135
Conversion Mapper, 135, 138
DDL Generator, 135
Flat File Layout, 135, 137-138
front-ends, 141
Impact Analyzer, 135, 141
methodology, 136-141
Object Deployer, 135
PL/SQL package, 139-140
Schema Reference, 135, 140
SQL Loader Generator, 135, 138
SQL*Net, 137
Transparent Gateway, 137
value, 142
views, 138
data cubes, creating, 68
data dictionaries
caches, 21
clusters, 220
gateways, 153
statistics, 353-356
System Global Area (SGA) shared pool, 192
views, 452
audit trails, 456-457
job queue information, 480-481
V$DISPATCHER data dictionary view, 452
V$LATCH data dictionary view, 452
V$SESS IO data dictionary view, 452
V$SESSION data dictionary view, 452
V$SHARED data dictionary view, 452
V$SYSSTAT data dictionary view, 452
data directory in Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 214
data files, 22, 200-201
accessing, 201-202
automatic resizing, 213
backups, 418
change numbers, 202
cooked data files, 203
finding, 204
location on disk drives, 203
moving, 204
OLTP applications, 801-802
preallocation, 202-203
raw data files, 203
renaming, 204
SCN, 202
tablespaces, 202-203, 219, 232
taking offline/online, 204
Data Manipulation Language (DML), 26, 66-67, 846-847
data mapping, 135
data marts, 765
cost, 767
definitions of, 765-766
problems, 767-768
uses, 766-767
data mining, 775
inter-table mining, 776
intra-table mining, 775
models, 776-779
datatypes, 221
char(size) datatype, 222
complex datatypes, 303-305
BFILEs, 304-306, 379-380, 730
BLOBs, 304-306, 379, 730
CLOBs, 304-306, 379, 730
NCLOBs, 304-306, 379, 730
data cartridges, 724
date datatype, 222
long datatype, 222
long raw datatype, 222
number(prec, scale) datatype, 222
object-oriented extensions, 13
raw(size) datatype, 222
rowid datatype, 223
standard datatypes, 303
user-defined datatypes, 13, 218
accessing, 236
creating, 236
purpose, 220
varchar2(size) datatype, 222
data warehouses, 60
availability needs, 559-560
creating, 750-758, 760-765
current data, 315
data marts, 765
cost, 767
definitions of, 765-766
problems, 767-768
uses, 766-767
data mining, 775
inter-table mining, 776
intra-table mining, 775
models, 776-779
definition of, 61, 748
EIS (executive information system), 770-774
client-based system, 774
external data, 775
server-based system, 774-775
extraction and scrubbing process, 760-761
auditing logs, 761
coding, 762-765
full refreshes, 761-762
hints, 760
historical data, 315
indexes, 759
metadata, 768
business metadata, 769-770
implementation, 770
management metadata, 768-769
Metadata Coalition, 770
standards, 770
system metadata, 768
mining data, 775
inter-table mining, 776
intra-table mining, 775
models, 776-779
models
designing, 752-757
relational model, 752
star schema, 752-757
monitoring tools, 760
OLAP (On-Line Analytic Processing), 61
operational environment, 750-751
partitioning, 759
privilege scheme, 280-282
refreshing data, 757-758, 760-765
scalability, 758
snapshots, 315-317
creating, 317-320
logs, 320-321
refreshing, 318-319
storage, 318
tablespaces, 318
software, tips for selecting, 751-752
statistical data, 315
technologies, choosing, 751-752
updating, 757-758, 760-765
uses, 748-749
data writing processes, 19
database administrators, see DBAs
database alert log file, 451-452
database buffer cache, 21, 189-190
database files, 561
database links, 321
database maintenance privileges, 245, 259-260
database protocols, 321
database servers, 48-49
Database Writer (DBWR), 172, 176-178
database writer processes, 92, 450
databases
administration, 13
architecture, 16
communications mechanisms, 24-25
configurations, 26-28
memory, 17-18, 20-24
memory areas, 18
operating systems, 16
processes, 17-19
tolerance, 26-27
work environments, 16
audit trails, 455
data dictionary views, 456-457
SYS.AUD$, 455-456
auditing, 448, 454, 458
AUDIT statement, 457-458
audit trails, 454-457
disabling, 455
enabling, 454-455
examples, 465-467
management, 463-465
privileges, 460-461
reasons for auditing, 454
sessions, 458-459
statements, 459-460
triggers, 467
backups, 420, 558, 569-571
connecting
database links, 321
internal connections, 261
networks, 321
creating, 529
definition of, 17
design
logical database design, 89
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 783
performance issues, 442
physical database design, 89-90
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 836
distributed databases, 164-165, 312, 321-326
conflicts, 328-331
gateways, 164
managing, 326-327
recovery processes, 450
survivability, 331-333
hardware requirements
architecture, 54-55
scale, 54
hierarchical databases, 128, 130
indexes, 218, 223-224
creating, 224-225
definition, 224
design, 225-226
dropping, 226
effect on data, 226
location, 226
maintenance, 225
number of, 225
partitioning, 27, 235
privileges, 226, 248
purpose, 219
queries, 225
re-creating, 226
searching, 224-225
storage, 224
unique indexes, 226
updating, 225
views, 226-227
instances, 57-58
interfacing
communications mechanisms, 24-25
graphical user interfaces, 28
internet, 58-59
maintaining, 529
media data, 817
migration, 108, 130
abandoning, 117
backup of existing system, 112-117
copying data, 109
Export utility, 108-109
Import utility, 108-109
migration utility, 108
preparation, 111-112
testing, 109
troubleshooting, 117-118
multimedia databases
Media Net, 825
Media Objects, 825-827, 829
Media Server, 821-824
networks, 312
object relational technology, 55-56
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) databases, 315
Personal Oracle databases, 69
privileges, 247
RDBMSs, 147-148
redundancy, 783
relational databases, 128, 130
replication, 164, 312
asynchronous replication, 164-165
complex replication, 321-326
conflict resolution, 327-331
deferred constraints, 334
fine grain quiesce, 335
historical data, 314
IBM Data Propagator, 165
limitations, 313
managing, 326-327
multi-master replication, 322
networks, 321
Replication Services, 166
statistical data, 314
survivability, 331-333
servers, 313
sizing during installation planning process, 78
standby databases, 420, 569, 573
configuration, 569-570
maintenance, 570
recovery, 571
synonyms, purpose of, 219
tables, 218, 220
accessing, 223
clusters, 230-231
columns, 220-223, 252
constraints, 220, 236-237
creating, 221
duplicating, 11-12
names, 221
partitioning, 12, 27
partitions, 219-220, 235
privileges, 223, 247, 250
purpose, 218
replication, 11-12
rows, 220-221
sequences, 219, 231-232
storage, 220, 222
synonyms, 219, 228-229
tablespaces, 222
transaction space, 221
views, 219, 223
tablespaces, 232
data files, 232
extents, 233
offline, 234
online, 234
partitions, 235
queries, 232-233
status column, 234
storage parameters, 233-234
triggers, creating, 549-551
tuning, 442, 587, 598-599, 624
fragmentation, 603-605
partitioning, 600-604
tablespaces, 599
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 850-851
upgrades, 108
abandoning, 117
backup of existing system, 112-117
copying data, 109
Export utility, 108-109
Import utility, 108-109
migration utility, 108
Oracle7.x to Oracle8, 8, 10
preparation, 111-112
testing, 109
troubleshooting, 117-118
utility of, 55
virtual databases, 322, 328-331
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 836
archiving, 852-854
backups, 856, 858-860
characteristics, 836-837
definition of, 854-855
design issues, 836
failures, 860
high availability, 840
index fast full scans, 849
index-only tables, 845-846
indexes, 847-849
management, 840-842
managing users, 837-838
object types, 860-861
object views, 861
Parallel DML (PDML), 846-847
partitioning data, 837, 839-845
performance, 840
queries, 838
recoveries, 856-858
rollback segments, 851-852, 855
servers, 838
transactions, 838, 851
tuning, 850-851
VARRAYs, 862
Web Application Server 3.0, 702-703
World Wide Web, 58-59
date attribute, 287
date datatype, 222
DB BLOCK BUFFERS init.ora file parameter, 597
db block buffers parameter, 211
DB BLOCK SIZE init.ora file parameter, 597
db block size parameter, 211, 785
DB FILE MULTI BLOCK READ COUNT init.ora file parameter, 597
db file multiblock read count parameter, 211
DB FILES init.ora file parameter, 597
db files parameter, 210, 785
DB General Performance Monitoring (Bradmark Technology, Inc.), 554
DB General Server Manager (Bradmark Technology, Inc.), 551
db name parameter, 210, 785
db writers parameter, 114
dba sys privs view, 269-270
dba tab privs view, 269-270
DBArtisan (Embarcadero Technologies, Inc.), 551
DBAs (database administrators)
job description, 418-419
privileges, 254-258
guidelines for using, 258-259
Oracle6, 241, 244-245
Oracle8, 245
system privileges, 268
reviewing installation plans with, 84
third-party tools, 551
tuning responsibilities, 441-442, 586
VDBAs (video database administrators), 822
views
dba sys privs view, 269-270
dba tab privs view, 269-270
dBASE, 17
DBLink concentration, 11
DBMS ALERT PL/SQL package, 394-396
DBMS AQ PL/SQL package, 405-408
DBMS AQADM PL/SQL package, 402-405
DBMS JOB package
BROKEN procedure, 480
INTERVAL procedure, 480
REMOVE procedure, 479
RUN procedure, 480
SUBMIT procedure, 477-479
DBMS JOB PL/SQL package, 410-413
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379-387
DBMS OUTPUT PL/SQL package, 408-410
DBMS package, 476
DBMS PIPE PL/SQL package, 396-401
DBMS REFRESH package, 320
dbms shared pool package, 607
DBMS SQL PL/SQL package, 387-393
dbstart file, 319
DBWR (Database Writer), 172, 176-178, 450
DCOM (Distributed Common Object Model), 9, 27
DCT (Data Conversion Tool), 135-136
Conversion Generator, 135
Conversion Mapper, 135, 138
DDL Generator, 135
Flat File Layout, 135, 137-138
front-ends, 141
Impact Analyzer, 135, 141
methodology, 136-141
Object Deployer, 135
PL/SQL package, 139-140
Schema Reference, 135, 140
SQL Loader Generator , 135, 138
SQL*Net, 137
Transparent Gateway, 137
value, 142
views, 138
DDL Generator (Data Conversion Tool), 135
debugging, 732
Decision Support Systems (DSSs), 845
DECODE statement, 125
dedicated server processes, 181
DEFAULT constraint, 236
defaults
privileges, 261
roles, 273
tablespaces, 426
blocks, 435
extents, 435
storage parameters, 233-234
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 666-667
deferred constraints (replication), 334
deferred transaction queue, 327
deferred transactions in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 838
DEFINE SQL*Plus command, 536
defining
libraries, 735
query columns, 662-663
DEL SQL*Plus command, 533
DELETE ANY TABLE privilege, 257
delete conflicts, 329
DELETE object privilege, 246
tables, 250
views, 251
deleting
event sets, 492
files, 206
jobs, 479
locks on shared memory, 444
records, 402, 405-408
semaphores, 444
views, 456
deploying cartridges, 735, 737
dequeue operation, 402, 405-408
DESC SQL*Plus command, 536
DESCRIBE SQL*Plus command, 536
design
applications, 723-724
databases
logical database design, 89
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 783
performance issues, 442
physical database design, 89-90
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 836
indexes, 225-226, 635
OLTP applications, 802-803
rollback segments in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 855
Design and Migration Services (DMS), 126-127
designing
cartridges, 727
data warehouse models, 752-757
forms for World Wide Web, 709-710
SQL statements, 363
clusters, 365-366
functions, 368
hash clusters, 366-367
indexes, 363-365
packages, 368
procedures, 368
range partitioning, 367-368
tablespaces, 78
detecting fragmentation in OLTP applications, 810
determining
disk drive availability, 79
memory availability, 78
tape drive availability, 78
developer privileges, 245, 253
CREATE CLUSTER, 253
CREATE DATABASE LINK, 253
CREATE LIBRARY, 254
CREATE PROCEDURE, 253
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM, 253
CREATE SEQUENCE, 253
CREATE SNAPSHOT, 253
CREATE SYNONYM, 253
CREATE TABLE, 254
CREATE TYPE, 254
CREATE VIEW, 254
DROP LIBRARY, 254
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM, 253
DROP TYPE, 254
TRIGGER, 254
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE, 254
Developer/2000, 708
forms, 708-710
graphics, 711
reports, 710
Web Application Server 3.0, 711-712
developers
applications, 9
reviewing installation plans with, 84
upgrade support, 96
network computing, 37
relationship with Microsoft, 9
training, 69-70
tuning responsibilities, 442, 586
developing
cartridges, 726, 732-734
OLTP applications, 803-807
Personal Oracle applications, 68-69
development instances, 68, 282-283
DFRAG utility (ARIS Corporation), 553
Diagnostics Pack (Enterprise Manager), 485, 514-515
dialog libraries, 735-737
dictionaries, see data dictionaries
dimension tables (star schemas), 753-754
combining, 756-757
customer dimension table, 756
salesperson dimension table, 755-756
service dimension table, 755
time dimension table, 754-755
direct access, 421
directories
names, 88
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 214-215
admin tree, 87
data directories, 88
local subtrees, 88
log directories, 88
ORACLE BASE, 87
ORACLE HOME, 86
$ORACLE HOME directory, 105
$SQL directory, 105
disabling
auditing, 455
referential integrity, 432, 525
disconnections, applications, 339
Discoverer, 61
disk drives
availability, 79
file location, 203
I/O, monitoring, 591
mirroring, 26
names, 88
RAID, 568-569, 590-591
raw partitions, 589-590
UNIX file system, 588-589
disk mirroring, 85, 802
disk parameter (SQL Trace), 359
disk space, sizing, 87
disks
applications disks, 86
directories in Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 86-88
hard disk, 21
RAID level 0, 26
storage areas, 17-18, 21-24
mirroring, 85, 90-91
prices, 85, 200
RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks), 85, 90
hardware RAID, 91
levels, 91
mirroring, 90-91
software RAID, 91
striping, 91
warm recovery, 91
storage, 200
Dispatcher (WAS 3.0), 682
dispatcher processes, 450
dispatchers
Net8 connections, 423
SQL*Net connections, 422-423
distributed actions, 152-153
Distributed Common Object Model (DCOM), 9
distributed databases, 164-165, 312, 321-326
conflicts, 328
delete conflicts, 329
uniqueness conflicts, 328
update conflicts, 328-331
gateways, 164
managing, 326-327
recovery processes, 450
survivability, 331-333
Distributed Lock Managers (DLMs), 784
distributed transaction protocol, 327, 335
distribution I/O of tablespaces, 427
DML (Data Manipulation Language), 26, 66-67, 846-847
DML LOCKS parameter, 785
DMS (Design and Migration Services), 126-127
Dnnn processes, 450
documentation
installation, 106
Installation and Configuration Guide, 79-81
Oracle Installation Guide, 444, 587
Oracle Optimal Flexible Architecture, 587
Oracle Server SQL Reference Manual, 422
query optimization, 633
README files, 81-82
documenting operational environment of data warehouses, 750-751
downsizing migration, 128
legacy systems, 128
mainframe to Oracle, 130-134
downtime, determining what’s acceptable, 559
DriverManager class, 742
drivers
JDBC drivers, 653
configuration, 655-657
installation, 655
ODBC drivers
configuration, 645-648
installation, 645
drives
disk drives
availability, 79
file location, 203
names, 88
I/O, monitoring, 591
RAID, 590-591
RAID drives, 568-569
raw partitions, 589-590
tape drives, 78
UNIX file system, 588-589
DROP ANY privileges
CLUSTER, 255
INDEX, 255
LIBRARY, 258
PROCEDURE, 256
ROLE, 256
SEQUENCE, 256
SNAPSHOT, 256
SYNONYM, 256
TABLE, 257
TRIGGER, 257
TYPE, 258
VIEW, 258
DROP database maintenance privileges
PROFILE, 259
PUBLIC DATABASE LINK, 259
ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 259
USER, 260
DROP developer privileges
LIBRARY, 254
PUBLIC SYNONYM, 253
TYPE, 254
DROP object privileges
PACKAGE, 230
PROCEDURE, 230
PUBLIC SYNONYM, 229
SEQUENCE, 232
DROP ROLE command, 274
dropping
indexes, 226
roles, 274
views, 228
DSS (Decision Support Systems), 845
dumb terminals
grant management, 276
network computers, 51
role management, 276
dummy users, privileges, 261-262
duplicating tables, 11-12

E

email, 667
EDA SQL gateways, 150
EDIT filename SQL*Plus command, 533
editing
commands (SQL*Plus), 533
configurations, 503
event sets, 492
files, 209-210
methods, 289, 291
tables, 854
video, 822
views, 228
editors
Notepad, 209
text editors, 275
vi editor, 209
EIS (executive information system), 770-774
client-based system, 774
external data, 775
server-based system, 774-775
elapsed parameter (SQL Trace), 359
electronic commerce, 820
electronic mail, 667
Ellison, Larry, 680-681
Embarcadero Technologies, Inc.
DBArtisian, 551
Web address, 551
ENABLE/DISABLE STORAGE IN ROW parameter, 307
enabling auditing, 454-455
end users, see users
enqueue operation, 402, 405-408
Enterprise DBA (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 551-552
Enterprise Edition (Oracle8), 62
backups, 63-64
bit-mapped indexes, 65-66
Enterprise Manager Performance Pack, 62-63
incremental backups, 63-64
index scans, 67
parallel backups, 63-64
parallel DML (Data Manipulation Language), 66-67
parallel queries, 66
point in time tablespaces, 64
Enterprise JavaBeans, 36, 42-43
Enterprise Manager, 13, 233, 419, 448, 484
Communication Daemon, 494
configuration, 486
discovering new services, 489-490
Intelligent Agent, 487-489
preferences, 490-491
Repository, 486-487
Daemon Manager, 485
Diagnostics Pack, 485, 514-515
events, 491
event sets, 491-495
notification, 496-497
grant management, 276
installation, 485-486
Instance Manager, 501-503
Intelligent Agent, 485
interface, 484
Lock Manager, 514-515
new features, 484
Oracle Expert, 515-516
Performance Manager, 512-514
Performance Pack, 62-63, 485
Repository, 491
role management, 276
scheduling jobs, 497-500
Schema Manager, 504-506, 508-509
Security Manager, 510-511
Security Server, 13
SQL Analyze, 516-517
Storage Manager, 511-512
Tuning Pack, 485, 512-517
Enterprise Performance Management (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 554-555
entity beans (JavaBeans), 42
environments
integration, 14
replicated environments, 322-324
SQL*Net, 423
SQL*Plus, 530
work environments, 16
Epoch media manager, 856
equi-partitioned indexes, 602
errors
log and error files, 24
ORA-01631 max # extents (100) in table xxxxx, 435
ORA-7xxx, 444
snapshot too old error, 594
trace files, 212
estimating object sizes in schemas, 436-441
eSuite (Lotus), 51
European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN), 680
Event Set Library, 491-492
events
Enterprise Manager, 491
event sets, 491
creating, 493
deleting, 492
editing, 492
Event Set Library, 491-492
fixit jobs, 500
inserting, 492
registering, 491, 493-495
viewing, 492
notification, 496-497
exception queues, 402
EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE privilege, 256
execute commands (SQL*Plus), 532
EXECUTE object privilege, 246, 252
EXECUTE procedure, 326
executing
cartridges, 724
job queues, 475
scripts, 275-276
SQL statements, 343
DMBS SQL, 387-393
parallelization, 343
queries, 625
compound queries, 632-633
control factors, 625
full table scans, 631
indexes, 631-632
intervention, 626-627
merge-join algorithm, 631-632
nested loop algorithm, 632-633
optimizers, 626
rule-based optimizer, 627-628
trace utility, 636-637
executive information system (EIS), 770-774
client-based system, 774
external data, 775
server-based system, 774-775
exiting SQL*Plus, 530
experts on migration, 123
expiration dates for passwords, 510-511
EXPLAIN PLAN statement, 357, 360-363
explain plans, 616-620
Export utility, 13, 419, 525
backups, 528
command line, 433, 526-527
data movement, 525-526
history, 524
incremental backups, 565, 572
complete exports, 565
cumulative exports, 565
Direct Path option, 566
illustration, 566-567
incremental exports, 565
recovery, 566-567
syntax, 566
time expectations, 565
migration, 108-109
starting, 525
tables, unloading, 432-433
uses, 420
VLDBs (very large databases), 420
exporting
data
Export utility, 525-527
Fast Unload, 552
schemas, 432-433
extensibility of object applications, 38
extensions
data cartridges, 725, 727
collections, 729
LOBs, 730
object types, 728
SQL, 125
extent interleaving (tablespaces), 428-430
extents
definition, 233
initial exent, 222
maxextents, 222
minextents, 222
next exent, 222
tablespaces, 427-428
defaults, 435
interleaving, 428-430
monitoring, 445
recommendations, 446
external data in EIS (executive information system), 775
external LOBs, 730
external procedures, 608
data cartridges, 730-732
debugging, 732
OCI callbacks, 732
OLTP applications, 803-804
extproc program (UNIX), 608
extraction and scrubbing process (data warehouses), 760-761
auditing logs, 761
coding, 762-765
full refreshes, 761-762

F

fact tables (star schemas), 752-753
failures of VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 860
fast full scans in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 849
Fast Unload (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 552
fault tolerance, 26-27
fetching rows (queries), 343
FFS (full fast scan) in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 849
field media object, 828-829
fields, 436
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 667
files
archive redo log files
backups, 562-563
checkpointing, 563-564
audit files, 201
command files (SQL*Plus), 533
configuration files
Net8, 517-521
SQL*Net , 562
control files, 23, 201, 208
backups, 560-561
creating, 560
damaged control files, 208
finding, 561
inserting, 208
missing control files, 208
purpose, 208
Recovery Manager, 421
viewing, 561
data files, 22, 200-201
accessing, 201-202
automatic resizing, 213
backups, 418
change numbers, 202
cooked data files, 203
finding, 204
location on disk drives, 203
moving, 204
OLTP applications, 801-802
preallocation, 202-203
raw data files, 203
renaming, 204
SCN, 202
tablespaces, 202-203, 219, 232
taking offline/online, 204
database files
backups, 561
finding, 561
viewing, 561
dbstart file, 319
deleting
online redo log files, 206
redo log files, 206
finding, 24, 204
formats, 710-711
init.ora file
backups, 562
parameters, 596-598
tuning, 596-598
initialization files, 23, 201, 209
config.ora, 209-210
config.ora file, 23
editing, 209-210
init.ora, 209-210
init.ora file, 23
parameters, 209-211
inserting
control files, 208
online redo log files, 206
redo log files, 206
location, 214-215
log files, 19, 201
alert log files, 212
archive log files, 23, 201, 205-208
archive redo log files, 562-564
database alert log file, 451-452
error files, 24
housekeeping, 213
online redo log files, 23, 200, 204-206
purging, 213
redo log files, 200-201, 203-206, 561-562, 564, 594
Net8 configuration files, 517-521
overwriting
online redo log files, 205
redo log files, 205
PDF (portable document file) files, 710-711
processing with Server Manager, 525
reading, 373-379
README file, 81-82
redo log files
backups, 561-562, 564
finding, 562
tuning, 594
viewing, 562
SGA definition files, 24
software files, 200
SQL*Net configuration files, 562
SQL*Plus command files, 533
supporting files, 23-24
switching
online redo log files, 206
redo log files, 206
trace files, 24, 201, 212, 606
housekeeping, 213
location, 212
messages, 212
purging, 213
troubleshooting, 24
voltab file, 824
writing to, 373-379
Financials (Oracle), 268
finding
chained rows, 353
files, 24
control files, 561
data files, 204
database files, 561
redo log files, 562
fine grain quiesce (replication), 335
fine-grain locking, 786
firewalls
Connection Manager, 421, 423
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 657
FIRST ROWS hint, 634
fixit jobs, 500
Flat File Layout (Data Conversion Tool), 135-138
FORCE ANY TRANSACTION privilege, 257
FORCE TRANSACTION user privilege, 252
FOREIGN KEY constraint, 237
formats (files), 710-711
formatting
commands, 534-535
reports, 537-538, 544-548
forms
generators, 77
SQL*Plus, 544-548
World Wide Web
designing, 709-710
Developer/2000, 708-709
fourth great wave of computing, 33
fragmentation
monitoring, 471-473
OLTP applications, 810
detecting, 810
maintenance, 810-811
tablespaces, 428
ADHawk Spacer utility, 553
causes of, 429-431
DFRAG utility, 553
extent interleaving, 428-430
performance, 428
row chaining, 429-430
row migration, 429
striping, 428
TSReorg utility, 553
tuning, 603-605
free space (tablespaces), 436
FreeBSD, 36
frequency of backups, 558
front-ends
functionality, 129
migration, 129-130, 141
FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 667
FULL hint, 614
full refreshes, 761-762
full table scans (query execution), 631
FULL(table) hint, 634
functions, 368
BFILENAME function, 380
column functions, 804
INSTR function, 382
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 658
pinning in DBMS shared pool package, 607

G

games, 820-821
gateways, 149
cost, 150
needs analysis, 157
passive gateways, 150, 156
advantages, 157
building, 157-164
disadvantages, 157
procedural gateways, 149, 153-154
Advanced Program to Program Communication (APPC) protocol, 154
examples, 155
MQSeries (IBM), 155-156
reasons for purchasing, 156
transparent gateways, 149-150
benefits, 151-153
cost-based optimizer, 152
data dictionaries, 153
distributed databases, 164
distributed transactions, 152-153
levels of transparency, 150-151
PL/SQL support, 151-152
schema mapping, 153
SQL support, 151
trigger support, 151
vendors, 149
X/Open Common Programming Interface for Communication, 154
gathering statistics with ANALYZE statement, 350-352
GC DB LOCKS parameter, 791-792
GC FILES TO LOCKS parameter, 785, 791-792
GC LOCK PROCS parameter, 785, 791
GC RELEASEABLE LOCKS parameter, 791-792
GC ROLLBACK LOCKS parameter, 785, 791
generating SQL*Plus reports, 538-539
generators (forms and reports), 77
get Connection method, 742
GET filename SQL*Plus command, 533
global indexes, 603, 843-844
grandfathering backups, 573
GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE privilege, 244, 255
GRANT ANY ROLE privilege, 256
GRANT command, 269, 272
grants, 268, 274
admin option, 271
assigning, 269
command line management, 276
Enterprise Manager, 276
limiting, 271
limits, 271
public option, 271, 275
removing, 269
roles, 272, 274
scripts, 275
creating, 275
executing, 275-276
viewing, 269-271
graphical user interfaces (GUIs), 28, 129
graphics on World Wide Web, 711
GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 28, 129

H

hard disks, 21
RAID level 0, 26
storage areas, 17-18, 21-22
control files, 23
data files, 22
log and error files, 24
log files, 23
SGA definition files, 24
supporting files, 23-24
hardware, 54
installation, 85
interfacing, 147
RAID drives, 91, 568-569
standby databases, 569
configuration, 569-570
maintenance, 570
recovery, 571
hardware requirements
architecture, 54-55
benchmarks, 58
clustering, 56, 58
cooperative processing, 56
parallel processing, 56-57
memory, 418
scale, 54
servers, 102-103
HASH AREA SIZE init.ora file parameter, 597
hash clusters, 366-367, 795
HASH hint, 614
HASH JOIN ENABLE init.ora file parameter, 597
hash joins (indexes), 610
hash locking, 786-788
HASH MULTI BLOCK IO COUNT init.ora file parameter, 597
HasVideo property (Video Custom Control), 830
help desk support, 819
HELP topic SQL*Plus command, 532
hierarchical databases, 128, 130
hierarchies
roles, 273
synonyms, 229
high-end applications, 836-837
hints, 368-369, 626, 634
ALL ROWS, 634
AND EQUAL, 614
AND EQUAL (table index), 634
CACHE, 614
CLUSTER, 614
constructs, 634-635
cost-based optimizer, 613-616
data warehouses, 760
FIRST ROWS, 634
FULL, 614
FULL (table), 634
HASH, 614
INDEX ASC (table index), 634
INDEX COMBINE, 614
INDEX DESC (table index), 634
INDEX, 614
INDEX (table index), 634
NOCACHE, 615
NOPARALLEL, 615
ORDERED, 615, 634
PARALLEL, 615
PUSH SUBQ, 615
ROWID, 615
STAR, 615, 760
UNS NL (table table), 634
USE CONCAT, 615
USE HASH, 616
USE MERGE, 616
USE MERGE (table table), 635
USE NL (table table), 634
histograms, 609-610
home shopping, 820
HOST SQL*Plus command, 532
host variables in OLTP applications, 804-806
hot backups, 420, 564, 572
ARCHIVELOG mode, 564
automating, 578-582
files, 561
recovery, 583
redo log files, 564
housekeeping and files, 213
HP-UX iostat utility, 799-800
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 671-675, 696
HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol), 668-669
Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 670
cookies, 671
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), 670-671
Uniform Resource Locator, 669-670
HTTP Daemon, see Web Listener (WAS 3.0)
HTTP Server, see Web Listener (WAS 3.0)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), 671-675, 696
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP), 668-669
Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 670
cookies, 671
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), 670-671
Uniform Resource Locator (URL), 669-670

I

I SQL*Plus command, 533
I/O
asynchronous I/O, 793
disk drives, monitoring, 591
tablespaces, 427
IBM
Data Propagator, 165
DB2, 150
MQSeries, 155-156
Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
identifying
locks on shared memory, 444
semaphores, 444
IDL (Interface Definition Language), 743-744
IDs, user IDs for locks, 510
if/then model (data mining), 776-777
Image data cartridge, 720-722
Impact Analyzer (Data Conversion Tool), 135, 141
implementation of privileges, 242-243
Import utility, 13, 419, 525
backups, 528
command line, 434, 527
data movement, 525
history, 524
incremental backups, 565, 572
recovery, 567
syntax, 566
migration, 108-109
starting, 525
tables, loading, 432
uses, 420
VLDBs (very large databases), 420
ImportFileSpec property (Video Custom Control), 830-831
importing
data with Import utility, 525-527
schemas, 432
ImportStreamAs method (Video Custom Control), 831
increment parameter, 231
incremental backups, 11, 63-64
Export utility, 528, 565, 572
complete exports, 565
cumulative exports, 565
Direct Path option, 566
illustration, 566-567
incremental exports, 565
recovery, 566-567
syntax, 566
time expectations, 565
Import utility, 528, 565, 572
recovery, 567
syntax, 566
INDEX ASC (table index) hint, 634
INDEX COMBINE hint, 614
INDEX DESC (table index) hint, 634
index fast full scans in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 849
INDEX hint, 614
INDEX object privilege, 246, 250
index pages, scanning, 67
INDEX parameter, 307
Index Size Worksheet, 439-440
INDEX (table index) hint, 634
index-only tables, 610-611, 795-796, 845-846
indexes, 64, 218, 223-224, 363
binary trees, 64-65
bit-mapped indexes, 65-66
bitmap indexes, 608-609
partitioning, 842
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 847-849
bypassing, 365
calculating size of, 439-441
cluster indexes, 795
columns, 364
composite indexes, 365
creating, 224-225
data warehouses, 759
Decision Support Systems (DSSs), 845
definition, 224
design, 225-226, 635
dropping, 226
effect on data, 226
global indexes, 603, 843-844
hash joins, 610
histograms, 609-610
index-only tables, 610-611, 795-796
keys, 64
local indexes, 843-844
location, 226
maintenance, 225
NOSORT option, 446
number of, 225
OLTP applications, 792-793, 845
partitioning, 12, 27, 600, 602
bitmap indexes, 842
considerations, 844
data warehouses, 759
decision tree, 603-604
equi-partitioned indexes, 602
global indexes, 603, 843-844
IU (index unusable), 845
local indexes, 603, 843-844
nonprefixed indexes, 602-603
prefixed indexes, 602-603
restrictions, 844
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 837, 842-845
partitions, 235
privileges, 226, 248
purpose, 219
queries, 225, 609
query execution, 631-632
re-creating, 226
rebuilding, 446
reverse-key indexes, 610, 849
searching, 224-225
storage, 224
tables, 363-364, 845-846
tuning, 599
unique indexes, 226
updating, 225
views, 226-228
information managers, 37
Informix gateways, 150
Ingres gateways, 150
init sql files parameter, 114
init.ora file, 23, 209
backups, 562
location, 210
parameters, 596-598
BACKGROUND DUMP DEST, 596
CHECKPOINT PROCESS, 596-597
CONTROL FILES, 597
DB BLOCK BUFFERS, 597
DB BLOCK SIZE, 597
DB FILE MULTI BLOCK READ COUNT, 597
DB FILES, 597
HASH AREA SIZE, 597
HASH JOIN ENABLE, 597
HASH MULTI BLOCK IO COUNT, 597
LARGE POOL MIN ALLOC, 597
LARGE POOL SIZE, 597
LOG ARCHIVE BUFFER SIZE, 597
LOG ARCHIVE BUFFERS, 597
LOG ARCHIVE DEST, 597
LOG ARCHIVE FORMAT, 597
LOG ARCHIVE START, 597
LOG BUFFER, 597
LOG CHECKPOINT INTERVAL, 597
MAX ROLLBACK SEGMENTS, 598
OPTIMIZER GOAL, 598
OPTIMIZER MODE, 598
ROLLBACK SEGMENTS, 598
SHARED POOL RESERVED MIN ALLOC, 598
SHARED POOL RESERVED SIZE, 598
SHARED POOL SIZE, 598
SORT AREA SIZE, 598
SQL TRACE, 598
TIMED STATISTICS, 598
tuning, 596-598
initial extent parameter, 222, 233-234
initialization files, 23, 201, 209
config.ora, 23, 209-210
editing, 209-210
init.ora, 23, 209-210
parameters, 209-211
initialization parameters
optimizers, 346-347
Parallel Server, 785, 791-792
SQL Trace facility, 358
initrans parameter, 221
inner selects, 66
INPUT text SQL*Plus command, 533
INSERT ANY TABLE privilege, 257
INSERT object privilege, 246
tables, 250
views, 251
inserting
event sets, 492
files
control files, 208
online redo log files, 206
redo log files, 206
records in queues, 402, 405-408
inserts, 10
installation
cartridges, 735, 737
Enterprise Manager, 485-486
JDBC drivers, 655
ODBC drivers, 645
Oracle8, 587
platforms, 102
servers, 102
documentation, 106
environment setup, 104-106
hardware requirements, 102-103
Optimal Flexible Architecture, 104
software requirements, 103-104
software, 27-28, 76, 102
documentation, 79-82
memory allocation, 88-89
operating systems, 76
optional modules, 85-86
planning, 76-79, 83, 85-86
processing options, 92
reviewing, 84
sample plan, 96-99
system hardware, 85
troubleshooting, 444
utilities, 109-111
Installation and Configuration Guide, 79-81
Installer, 102, 104-105
Instance Manager, 501
editing stored configurations, 503
remote administration, 501-502
shutting down instances, 502-503
starting instances, 503
instances, 57-58, 173
definition of, 17
locking, 788-789
fine-grain locking, 786
hash locking, 786-788
non-PCM locks, 786
Parallel Cache Management (PCM) locks, 786-790
states, 786
time considerations, 785-786
managing, 501-502
memory
hard disk storage areas, 17-18, 21-24
shared memory areas, 17-18, 20-21
online redo log files, 206
Parallel Server, 784-785
processes, 17-19
redo log files, 206
services, 29
shutting down, 502-503
starting, 503
system identifier (SID), 173
instantiation of types, 294
INSTEAD OF triggers, 302-303
INSTR function, 382
instructions
Installation and Configuration Guide, 79-81
README files, 81-82
see also documentation
Integrated Distributed Lock Managers (IDLMs), 784
integration of application environments, 14
integrity, referential
disabling, 432, 525
Referential Integrity Constraint, 431
schemas, 431-432
Intelligent Agent
configuration, 487-489
Enterprise Manager, 485
intentional destruction of data, 419-420
inter-table data mining, 776
InterCartridge Exchange (Web Request Broker), 702
Interface Definition Language (IDL), 743-744
interfaces
APIs, see APIs
cartridges, 726
Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 670
Enterprise Manager, 484
graphical user interfaces (GUIs), 28, 129
migration, 129-130
SQL*Plus, 524, 529
availability, 529
environment, 530
exiting, 530
history, 524
limitations, 529
SQL, 530
starting, 530
startup options, 530-532
uses, 524, 529
interfacing
databases
communications mechanisms, 24-25
graphical user interfaces, 28
hardware, 147
networks, 149
operating systems, 146-147
paradigms, 148
RDBMSs, 147-148
interleaving extents in tablespaces, 428-430
internal connections, 261
internal LOBs (data cartridges), 730
internal programming, 10
International Network, see Internet
Internet
browsers for applets, 60
business operations, 58-59
communicating, 25
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 666-667
email, 667
electronic commerce, 820
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 667
Internet Relay Chat (IRC), 667
newsgroups, 667
TCP/IP protocol, 667
Usenet news, 667
World Wide Web, 667
architecture, 667-676
forms, 708-710
graphics, 711
Network Computing Architecture (NCA), 676-678
reports, 710
security, 703-707
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP), 41
Internet Relay Chat (IRC), 667
interpreting SQL Trace results, 359-360
interprocess communications area of SGA, 193
INTERSECT algorithm, 632
INTERVAL procedure (DBMS JOB package), 480
intervention for query optimization, 626
application design, 627
goals, 626-627
hints, 626, 634-635
intra-table data mining, 775
intranets, 668
communicating, 25
NC (Network Computer) architecture, 59
invalid objects, recompiling in script, 116
IOR, 524
iostat -d command (UNIX), 591
iostat utility, 798-800
ipcrm -m <id, 444
ipcrm -s <id, 444
ipcs -m command (UNIX), 444
ipcs -s command (UNIX), 444
IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 667
IT managers, 37
IU (index unusable), 845

J

J/SQL, 10, 745
Java, 10, 38-39
Developer/2000, 708-712
history, 676
internal programming, 10
J/SQL, 745
PL/SQL packages, 740-741
advantages, 742
code, 742-743
Interface Definition Language (IDL), 743-744
RMI, 744-745
Virtual Machine (VM), 676
Web Application Server 3.0, 698-699
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), 663-664
architecture, 654
batching execution, 658-659
capabilities, 657
defining query columns, 662-663
evolution, 653
functions, 658
JDBC Thin, 654, 658
limitations, 657
metadata, 660
PL/SQL, 659-660
prefetch, 662
purpose, 653
setup, 655-657
SQLJ, 654
streaming, 661
ThinNet 8, 47
Java RMI, 719
Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 740
JavaBeans, 36, 42-43
JavaScript, 676
HTML, 696
PL/SQL, 696
JavaStation (Sun), 51
JDBC, see Java Database Connectivity
JDBC drivers, 653
configuration, 655-657
installation, 655
JDBC Thin, 654, 658
JOB QUEUE INTERVAL parameter, 476
JOB QUEUE PROCESSES parameter, 476
job queues
attributes of jobs, 477
data dictionary views, 480-481
DBMS JOB package, 476
deleting jobs, 479
executing, 475
inserting jobs, 477-479
managing, 475
modifying jobs, 480
parameters, 476
running jobs, 480
scheduling processes, 450
jobs
attributes, 477
broken jobs, 412
deleting, 479
fixit jobs, 500
information, 410
modifying, 477, 480
running, 480
scheduling, 448, 474
DMBS JOB PL/SQL package, 410-413
Enterprise Manager, 497-500
job queues, 475-477
submitting, 477-479
viewing information about, 480-481
JVM (Java Virtual Machine), 740

K–L

kernels (memory parameters), 587
keys to indexes, 64
kiosks, 819
L SQL*Plus command, 533
languages
markup languages
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 671-675
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), 671
procedural languages, 10
scripting languages
JavaScript, 676
Media Talk scripting language, 826
large databases, see VLDBs (Very Large Databases)
LARGE POOL MIN ALLOC init.ora file parameter, 597
LARGE POOL SIZE init.ora file parameter, 597
LCK (Lock Writer), 180-181
LCKn processes, 450
least recently used algorithm, 190, 192
legacy systems, 56, 60, 122, 128
Legato media manager, 856
LengthFrames property (Video Custom Control), 830
LengthTime property (Video Custom Control), 830
levels
backups, 11
RAID, 91
LGWR (Log Writer), 172, 178-179, 450
libraries
action libraries, 735-736
defining, 735
dialog libraries, 735-737
Event Set Library, 491-492
query libraries, 735, 737
library cache in SGA, 192
limiting grants, benefits of, 271
line mode (Server Manager), 524
linking
databases, 321
hardware, 147
networks, 149
operating systems, 146-147
paradigms, 148
RDBMSs, 147-148
Rows in tablespaces, 429-430
Linux, 36
LIST number SQL*Plus command, 533
LIST OF VALUES constraint, 237
LISTENER processes, 452
listeners, 29
Net/8 listeners, 92
Net8 connections, 423
SQL*Net connections, 422-423
Web Listener (WAS 3.0), 682
listings
ANALYZE statement, 811
CREATE TABLE command syntax, 436
databases
I/O, 591
triggers, 549-551
explain plans, 617-618
Export utility
command line, 433, 526-527
incremental backups, 567
HTML, 688-689
PL/SQL, 692-694
source, 695
tags, 673-674
Import utility
command line, 434, 527
incremental backups, 567
indexes
equi-partitioned indexes, 602
index-only tables, 611
local nonprefixed partitioned index, 603
local prefixed partitioned index, 603
init.ora file, 596-598
memory, 592-593
methods, 288-289
AddProduct() method, 289
editing, 290
order methods, 292-294
Net8 configuration files
listener.ora file, 519
snmp ro.ora file, 520
snmp rw file, 520
sqlnet.ora file, 518-519, 521
tnsnames file, 518
tnsnames.ora file, 518, 520-521
objects, creating types, 295
PL/SQL, 688, 692-694
queries, 607
Repository (Enterprise Manager), 487
scripts
cold backup automation, 574-577
cold backup recovery, 582
hot backup automation, 578-582
shutdown/startup, 577
SQL*Loader command line, 435
SQL*Plus
cross tabular reports, 539-541
fixed position formatting (for forms), 545-548
master/detail reports, 541-543
multi-table reports, 543-544
report code, 538
report output, 538-539
SQL code, 548-551
startup options, 530-531
tables
LOBs, 307-308
nested tables, 298
partitioning, 601-602
table definitions for different applications, 300
VARRAYs, 298-299
tablespaces
monitoring extents, 445
segment growth and extent assignment, 599
storage clauses, 428
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 841-842
Lite 3.0 (Oracle), 47
literals in OLTP applications, 804-806
Live HTML, 701
lm domains parameter, 114
LM LOCKS parameter, 785
lm non-fault tolerant parameter, 114
LM PROCS parameter, 785
LM RESS parameter, 785
load processes, 26
Loader, 13
loading tables, 432
Import utility, 432
SQL*Loader, 434
LOBs, 306-308
data cartridges, 730
external LOBs, 730
internal LOBs, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379-387
local directory in Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 214
local indexes, 603, 843-844
local subtree directories, 88
location of files, 214-215
location transparency (Oracle Transparent Gateways), 151
LOCK ANY TABLE privilege, 257
Lock Manager, 514-515
lock processes, 450
Lock Writer (LCK), 180-181
locking
application code in DBMS shared pool package, 607
instances, 788-789
fine-grain locking, 786
hash locking, 786-788
non-PCM locks, 786
Parallel Cache Management (PCM) locks, 786-790
states, 786
time considerations, 785-786
operating systems, 784-785
platforms, 784
SGA, 588
locks
shared memory, 444
user IDs, 510
LOG ARCHIVE BUFFER SIZE init.ora file parameter, 597
LOG ARCHIVE BUFFERS init.ora file parameter, 597
LOG ARCHIVE DEST init.ora file parameter, 597
LOG ARCHIVE FORMAT init.ora file parameter, 597
LOG ARCHIVE START init.ora file parameter, 211, 597
log buffer, 179
LOG BUFFER init.ora file parameter, 211, 597
LOG CHECKPOINT INTERVAL init.ora file parameter, 211, 597
log directories, 88
log files, 19, 201
alert log files, 212
location, 212
Net8 processes, 212
SQL*Net processes, 212
archive log files, 23, 201, 206
storage, 207
troubleshooting, 205, 208
writing, 205, 207-208
archive redo log files
backups, 562-563
checkpointing, 563-564
database alert log file, 451-452
error files, 24
housekeeping, 213
online redo log files, 23, 200, 204
archive log mode, 205
associated with instances, 206
deleting, 206
inserting, 206
number of, 204-205
overwriting, 205
switching, 206
writing, 206
purging, 213
redo log files, 200-201, 204
archive log mode, 205
associated with instances, 206
backups, 561-562, 564
deleting, 206
finding, 562
inserting, 206
number of, 204-205
overwriting, 205
switching, 206
tuning, 594
viewing, 562
writing, 206
LOG FILES parameter, 785
Log Writer (LGWR), 172, 178-179
log writer processes, 450
logging processes, 19
LOGGING/NOLOGGING parameter, 307
logical data structure, 202
logical database design, 89
logins, auditing, 458-459
logs
auditing, 761
snapshots, 320-321
long attribute, 287
long data type, 222
long raw data type, 222
lookup tables, 176
loops, 632-633
loss (data), determining what’s acceptable, 559
Lotus eSuite, 51
LRU (least recently used) algorithm, 190, 192

M

magnetic (hard) disks, see hard disks
main processes, 172-173
Database Writer (DBWR), 172, 176-178
importance of, 172-173
Log Writer (LGWR), 172, 178-179
Process Monitor (PMON), 172, 175
System Monitor (SMON), 172-174
mainframe computers, 33
maintenance, 448
databases, 529
indexes, 225
object applications, 37-38
OLTP applications, 810-811
scheduling, 560
schemas, 431
objects, 431
referential integrity, 431-432
sequences, 232
standby databases, 570
tablespaces, 424-430
MANAGE TABLESPACE database maintenance privilege, 260
management
backups, 12
Connection Manager, 13
Enterprise Manager, 13
migration, 134-135
recovery (backups), 12
Server Manager, 13
management metadata, 768-769
managers
Connection Manager, 421
concentrator, 421, 423
firewall, 421, 423
multiprotocol interchange, 421
Net8, 423-424
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 838
Daemon Manager, 485
DB General Server Manager (Bradmark Technology, Inc.), 551
Distributed Lock Managers (DLMs), 784
Enterprise Manager, 233, 419, 448, 484
Communication Daemon, 494
configuration, 486-491
Daemon Manager, 485
Diagnostics Pack, 485, 514-515
events, 491-497
grant management, 276
installation, 485-486
Instance Manager, 501-503
Intelligent Agent, 485
interface, 484
Lock Manager, 514-515
new features, 484
Oracle Expert, 515-516
Performance Manager, 512-514
Performance Pack, 62-63, 485
Repository, 491
role management, 276
scheduling jobs, 497-500
Schema Manager, 504-506, 508-509
Security Manager, 510-511
SQL Analyze, 516-517
Storage Manager, 511-512
Tuning Pack, 485, 512-517
Instance Manager, 501
editing stored configurations, 503
remote administration, 501-502
shutting down instances, 502-503
starting instances, 503
Integrated Distributed Lock Managers (IDLMs), 784
Lock Manager, 514-515
media managers, 856
Performance Manager, 512-514
Recovery Manager, 106, 419, 421
control files, 421
recovery catalogs, 107
repository, 421
restricted mode, 107
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 856-860
Replication Manager, 326, 333-335
reviewing installation plans with, 84
Schema Manager
creating schema objects, 504-505
nested tables, 508-509
object types, 505, 507
objects tables, 508-509
VARRAYs, 506-508
Security Manager, 510-511
Server Manager, 232, 419, 524
file processing, 525
history, 524
line mode, 524
screen mode, 524
starting, 525
uses, 524-525
Storage Manager, 511-512
managing
audit trails, 463-465
instances, 501-502
job queues, 475
OLTP applications, 812
replication, 326-327
schema objects, 504
tablespaces, 430
VLDBs (Very Large Databases)
partitioning data, 840-842
transactions, 851
users, 837-838
manuals
Oracle Installation Guide, 444, 587
Oracle Optimal Flexible Architecture, 587
Oracle Server SQL Reference Manual, 422
map
methods, 291-292
privileges, 247-248
processes, 172-183
system resources, 78-79
mapping data with Data Conversion Tool, 135
market basket analysis (data mining), 778
markup languages
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 671-675
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), 671
master/detail reports (SQL*Plus), 541-543
MAX COMMIT PROPAGATION DELAY parameter, 785
max dump file size parameter, 211, 358
max extents parameter, 234
MAX ROLLBACK SEGMENTS init.ora file parameter, 598
max value parameter, 231
MAXEXTENTS command, 435
maxextents parameter, 222
maxtrans parameter, 221
mdschecksum utility, 822
mdsconcat utility, 822
mdscopy utility, 822-823
mdscreate utility, 823
mdsdelete utility, 823
mdsdir utility, 823
mdsdiskmode utility, 823
mdsdump utility, 823
mdslock utility, 823
mdsrebuild utility, 823
mdsrename utility, 823
mdstar utility, 824
mdstruncate utility, 824
mdsundlete utility, 824
mdsunlock utility, 824
mdsvolinit utility, 824
mdsvstat utility, 824
media authoring tools, 826
Media Cartridge, 833
media data, 816
banking, 820
broadcasting, 818
database storage, 817
editing, 822
games, 820-821
help desk support, 819
home shopping, 820
kiosks, 819
Media Server, 821-822
Media Data Store (MDS), 822-824
Video Pump, 824
Voltab file, 824
multimedia, 816
network transmission, 825
news services, 820
presentations, 819
reference materials, 821
traditional storage methods, 817
training, 819
Video On Demand (VOD), 818, 820
Media Data Store (MDS), 822-824
media managers, 856
Media Net, 825
media objects, 825-826
bitmap object, 827
button object, 827
field object, 828-829
movie object, 827
palette object, 827
path object, 827
shape object, 828-829
sound object, 827
Media Server, 816, 821-822
Media Data Store (MDS), 822-824
sound, 816
video, 816
Video Pump, 824
Voltab file, 824
Media Talk scripting language, 826
memory
allocation, 88-89
availability, determining, 78
contents, 186
data storage, 200
hard disk storage areas, 17-18, 21-22
control files, 23
data files, 22
log and error files, 24
log files, 23
SGA definition files, 24
supporting files, 23-24
hardware, 418
importance of, 85
OLTP applications, 794
parameters, setting, 587
prices, 200
Program Global Area (PGA), 187, 194-195
RAM (random access memory), 187
real memory, 187
requirements, 587-588
semaphores, allocating, 588
shared memory areas, 17- 20
locks, 444
Program Global Area (PGA), 20-21
software code areas, 20
sort areas, 20-21
System Global Area (SGA), 20-21
sharing, 187-188
sort areas, 187, 196
speed, 186-187
swapping, 588
System Global Area (SGA), 187-189
controlling, 193-194
database buffer cache, 189-190
locking, 588
not available messages, 188
pinning, 588
redo log buffer, 190-191
shared pool, 191-193
tuning, 592-594
troubleshooting, 444
tuning, 586-587, 592-594
user spaces, 187, 195-196
uses, 186
virtual memory, 187
merge-join algorithm, 631-632
Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM), 838
messages in trace files, 212
metadata, 768
business metadata, 769-770
implementation, 770
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 660
management metadata, 768-769
Metadata Coalition, 770
standards, 770
system metadata, 768
methods, 286-287, 505
AddProduct() method, 289
API (application program interface), 287
call method, 742-743
calling within other programs, 25
creating, 288-289
editing, 289, 291
get Connection method, 742
implementation, 287-288
map methods, 291-292
object-oriented extensions, 13
order methods, 292-294
Video Custom Control, 830-832
Microsoft
Access, 17
DCOM (Distributed Common Object Model), 9
relationship with developers, 9
SQL Server, 150
Windows Notepad, 209
Windows NT, 27
advantages, 27-28
disadvantages, 28
Oracle8 environment, 28-29
Oracle8 installation, 76
services, 28-29
UNIX, 70-72
migration, 108
abandoning, 117
ANSI SQL, 124-125
applications
operating systems, 126
platforms, 126
portability, 125
to a new environment, 127
backup of existing system, 112-117
communication needs, 123
consulting services, 127
copying data, 109
Data Conversion Tool (DCT), 135-136
Conversion Generator, 135
Conversion Mapper, 135, 138
DDL Generator, 135
Flat File Layout, 135, 137-138
front-ends, 141
Impact Analyzer, 135, 141
methodology, 136-141
Object Deployer, 135
PL/SQL package , 139-140
Schema Reference, 135, 140
SQL Loader Generator, 135, 138
SQL*Net, 137
staging area, 136, 138
Transparent Gateway, 137
value, 142
views, 138
databases, 128, 130
Design and Migration Services (DMS), 126-127
downsizing, 128
legacy systems, 128
mainframe to Oracle, 130-134
experts, 123
Export utility, 108-109
front-ends, 129-130, 141
Import utility, 108-109
knowledge transfer, 123
legacy systems, 122
management considerations, 134-135
migration utility, 108
Oracle*Forms 4.5, 141
perceptions, 122
preparation, 111-112
problems with, 122
rows
finding, 353
tablespaces, 429
scenarios, 122-123, 127
applications to a new environment, 127
database to database supporting same application, 127
one-time data transfers, 127
subset of application to database, 127
SQL, 124-125
staging areas, 132-134, 136, 138
sunset systems, 123
Sybase to Oracle, 122
testing, 109
tracking, 140
troubleshooting, 117-118
migration utility, 108-111
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), 670-671
MINEXTENTS command, 435
minextents parameter, 222, 224
mining data, 775
inter-table mining, 776
intra-table mining, 775
models, 776-779
mirroring
disk drives, 26
disks, 85, 90-91
files, 563
OLTP applications, 802
missing files, 208
mnaddsrv process, 683
mnorbsrv process, 683
mnrpcmnsrv process, 683
models
data mining, 776-779
data warehouses
designing, 752-757
relational model, 752
star schema, 752-757
object-oriented design model, 286
modes
ARCHIVELOG mode
backups, 562-564, 572
online redo log files, 205
redo log files, 205
Server Manager, 524
modifying jobs, 477, 480
modules, installation of, 85-86
monitoring, 448
ADHawk Monitor (Quest Software), 555
applications, 468
DB General Performance Monitoring (Bradmark Technology, Inc.), 554
Enterprise Performance Management (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 554-555
I/O on disk drives, 591
privileges, 245, 260
processes, 19, 451-452
scripts, 467-468
audit trail size monitoring script, 468-469
fragmentation monitoring script, 471-473
tablespace utilitization monitoring script, 469-470
user sessions monitoring script, 470-471
servers, 443-444
sessions, 468
systems, 468
tablespace extents, 445
tools, 760
utilities
CATBLOCK utility, 474
Patrol (BMC Software), 474
SQLTrace (Platinum Technology), 474
UTLBSTAT utility, 473-474
UTLESTAT utility, 473-474
UTLLOCKT utility, 474
what to monitor, 468
monitors, TP Monitor
OLTP applications, 796
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 838
Motif, 35
movie media object, 827
moving
files, 204
Personal Oracle databases to larger databases, 69
see also migration
MQSeries, 155-156
MTSs, see multithreaded servers
multi-master replication, 322
multimedia, 816
multimedia databases
Media Net, 825
Media Objects, 825-827, 829
Media Server, 821-822
Media Data Store (MDS), 822-824
Video Pump, 824
Voltab file, 824
multi-table reports (SQL*Plus), 543-544
multithreaded servers, 194-195
processes, 92
queues in System Global Area (SGA) shared pool, 193
SQL*Net connections, 422
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 837-838
multiple database writer processes, 92
multiple users
connection pooling, 11
DBLink concentration, 11
privileges
access privileges, 243
history, 241
implementation, 242-243
object privileges, 243-244
Oracle6, 241-242
Oracle7, 242
Oracle8, 242
purpose, 241
roles, 242
multiplexing data, 421
multiprocessor configurations, 26
multiprotocol interchanges
Connection Manager, 421
SQL*Net, 423
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), 670-671
mypump command (UNIX), 824

N

Name Services (Net8), 424
names
columns (tables), 222
directories, 88
disk drives, 88
tables, 221
tablespaces, 426
Names Server (SQL*Net), 424
National Character large objects (NCLOBs), 304-306
data cartridges, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379
NCA (Network Computing Architecture), 59
benefits, 718
cartridges, 718
application cartridges, 718-719
architecture, 723-724
client cartridges, 718
data cartridges, 720-725, 727-735, 737
deploying, 735, 737
developing, 726, 732-734
testing, 734
components, 718
client, 677
history, 678-681
universal application server, 677
universal data server, 677
World Wide Web, 676-678
NCLOBs (National Character large objects), 304-306
data cartridges, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379
needs analysis for gateways, 157
nested loop algorithm, 632-633
nested tables, 297-299
creating, 508-509
data cartridges, 729
within objects, 236
Net8, 25
configuration files, 517-521
connecting, 418, 421
Connection Manager, 421, 423-424
dispatchers, 423
listener processes, 423
listeners, 423
Name Services, 424
Security Server, 424
Connection Manager, 421, 423-424
listeners, 29, 92
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 644
processes, 181, 212
system identifier (SID), 173
testing, 445
Netscape Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
Network Computer, 44
Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
network computers, 49-50
applications, 50
components, 50
dumb terminals, 51
Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
vendors, 51
network computing, 32
applications, 36-37
architecture, 44
2-tier, 44
3-tier, 45-46
application servers, 47-48
clients, 45-47
database servers, 48-49
Web servers, 47-48
benefits, 37
communication via World Wide Web, 34
CORBA, 41
data, 36
mainframe computers, 33
personal computers
client/server architecture, 35
total cost of ownership (TCO), 33, 35
servers, 33
services, 36
standards, 36
technologies, 33-34
Java, 38-39
JavaBeans, 42-43
object technology, 37-38
vendors, 34
World Wide Web
communication, 34
impact on computing, 34
value to users, 33
Network Computing Architecture (NCA), 59
benefits, 718
cartridges, 718
application cartridges, 718-719
architecture, 723-724
client cartridges, 718
data cartridges, 720-725, 727-737
deploying, 735, 737
developing, 726, 732-734
testing, 734
components, 718
history, 678-681
universal application server, 677
universal client, 677
universal data server, 677
World Wide Web, 676-678
network data cartridge, 720-721
network protocols, 321
network transparency (Oracle Transparent Gateways), 151
networking products, 104
networks, 9
architecture, 718, 723-724
connecting, 149, 321
media data, 825
nodes, 783
failure, 784
number of, 784
WAN (Wide Area Network), 312
new features of Oracle8, 12-13
news services media data, 820
newsgroups, 667
next extent parameter, 222, 234
NOAUDIT statement, 458
NOCACHE hint, 615
nodes, 783
clusters, 58
failure, 784
number of, 784
non-Oracle databases and Web Application Server 3.0, 702-703
non-PCM locks, 786
nonprefixed indexes, 602-603, 844
NOPARALLEL hint, 615
NOSORT option for indexes, 446
NOT NULL constraint, 236
Notepad, 209
notification of events, 496-497
Novell UNIX NT, 70-72
NT (Windows), 9, 27
advantages, 27-28
architecture, 60
disadvantages, 28
Oracle8 environment, 28-29
Oracle8 installation, 76
services, 28-29
UNIX, 70-72
NULL constraint, 236
NULL fields, 436
number attribute, 287
number (prec) scale data type, 222
numbers
precision, 222
row IDs, 220-221
scale, 222
sequences, 218
accessing, 231
creating, 231
definition, 231
maintenance, 232
parameters, 231
privileges, 232, 248, 251
purpose, 219

O

Oak, 676
Object Deployer (Data Conversion Tool), 135
Object Management Architecture (OMA), 42
Object Management Group (OMG), 41-42
object owners, 268
object privileges, 243-244, 246, 250
ALTER, 246
columns (tables), 252
databases, 247
DELETE, 246
EXECUTE, 246
grants, 274
admin option, 271
assigning, 269
command line management, 276
Enterprise Manager, 276
limiting, 271
limits, 271
public option, 271, 275
removing, 269
scripts, 275-276
viewing, 269-271
INDEX, 246
indexes, 226, 248
INSERT, 246
map, 247-248
object owners, 268
objects, 248
owners, 247
packages, 230
procedures, 248, 252
REFERENCES, 246
roles, 271-272
assigning, 273
command line management, 276
contents, 273
creating, 272-273
defaults, 273
Enterprise Manager, 276
grants, 272, 274
hierarchies, 273
passwords, 274
removing, 274
SELECT, 247
sequences, 232, 248, 251
ALTER, 251
CREATE SEQUENCE, 232
DROP SEQUENCE, 232
EXECUTE, 252
SELECT, 251
stored procedures, 229-230
synonyms, 229, 248
tables, 223, 247, 250
ALTER, 223, 250
CREATE, 223
DELETE, 250
INDEX, 250
INSERT, 250
REFERENCES, 250
SELECT, 250
UPDATE, 250
tablespaces, 247
UPDATE, 247
views, 228, 248, 251
CREATE VIEW, 228
DELETE, 251
INSERT, 251
SELECT, 251
UPDATE, 251
object relational technology, 55-56
Object Request Broker (ORB), 41, 743
object tables, 506, 508-509
object technology
benefits, 37-38
extensibility, 38
maintenance, 37-38
reuse, 38
Java, 38-39
JavaBeans, 42-43
object-oriented
capabilities, 218
design model, 286
extensions, 13
object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), 301
objects, 218
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), 643
attributes, 286-287
char attribute, 287
date attribute, 287
long attribute, 287
no attributes, 287
number attribute, 287
REF attribute, 296
user-defined, 287
varchar2 attribute, 287
auditing, 461-463
BFILEs, 304-306
BLOBs, 304-306
CLOBs, 304-306
Data Access Objects (DAO), 643
datatypes
complex data types, 303-305
standard data types, 303
illustration, 286
invalid objects, recompiling, 116
list of, 218
LOBs, 306-308
data cartridges, 730
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379-387
media objects, 825-826
bitmap object, 827
button object, 827
field object, 828-829
movie object, 827
palette object, 827
path object, 827
shape object, 828-829
sound object, 827
methods, 286-287
AddProduct() method, 289
API (application program interface), 287
creating, 288-289
editing, 289, 291
implementation, 287-288
map methods, 291-292
order methods, 292-294
NCLOBs, 304-306
nesting tables within, 236
OLTP applications, 796
ordering, 291
map methods, 291-292
order methods, 292-294
privileges, 248
purpose of, 218-220
Remote Data Objects (RDO), 643
schemas, 431
creating, 504-505
estimating size of, 436-441
maintenance, 431
managing, 504
types, 294
attributes, 728
base types, 299-301
creating, 295-296, 505-507
data cartridges, 728
REFs, 296
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 860-861
types, instantiation of, 294
views, 301
creating, 301-302
INSTEAD OF triggers, 302-303
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 861
OCI (Oracle Call Interface)
APIs, 732
callbacks, 732
Web Application Server 3.0, 701
OCIExtProcAllocCallMemory(), 732
OCIExtProcGetEnv(), 732
OCIExtProcRaiseExcp(), 732
OCIProcRaiseExcpWithMsg(), 732
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 652
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), 643
architecture, 643-644
capabilities, 648-649
connecting with Oracle8, 648
Data Access Objects (DAO), 643
drivers
configuration, 645-648
installation, 645
evolution, 642
limitations, 648-649
Net8, 644
OLTP applications, 806
optimization, 649-651
Oracle, 643
purpose, 642
Remote Data Objects (RDO), 643
setup, 645-648
troubleshooting, 651-652
Web Application Server 3.0, 699-701
OEM (Oracle Enterprise Manager), see Enterprise Manager
OFA (Optimal Flexible Architecture), 86, 104, 214-215
directories
admini tree, 87
data directories, 88
local subtrees, 88
log directories, 88
ORACLE BASE, 87
ORACLE HOME, 86
sizing disk space, 87
offline
data files, 204
tablespaces, 234
OLAP (On-Line Analytic Processing), 61
data cubes, creating, 68
Discoverer, 61
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 315
asynchronous I/O, 793
availability requirements, 782
backups, 809-810
batch data loading, 810
checkpoints, 793
cluster indexes, 795
clustering technologies, 782
clusters, 793-795
column functions, 804
database design, 783
design, 802-803
developing, 803-807
external procedures, 803-804
fragmentation, 810
detecting, 810
maintenance, 810-811
host variables, 804-806
index-only tables, 795-796
indexes, 792-793, 845
literals, 804-806
managing, 812
memory allocation, 794
objects, 796
ODBC, 806
optimization, 806-807
Oracle Parallel Server (OPS), 782
PL/SQL, 803
planning, 812
rollback segments, 794
rowid, 804
security, 807
application-enforced security, 807-808
auditing features, 809
DBMS-enforced security, 808
hybrid security, 808-809
stress testing, 811
tables, 792-793
testing, 811
Transaction Process (TP) Monitor, 796
UNIX, 797
data files, 801-802
disk mirroring, 802
performance tuning utilities, 798-801
RAID, 802
raw volumes versus file system, 797-798
users, 782-783
uses, 782
OMG (Object Management Group), 41-42
OMN, see Media Net
OMO, see Media Objects
OMS, see Media Server
ON DELETE CASCADE option, 432
On-Line Analytic Processing (OLAP), 61
data cubes, creating, 68
Discoverer, 61
On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) applications, see OLTP applications
one-to-many relationship, 296-297
online
data files, 204
redo log files, 23, 200, 204
archive log mode, 205
associated with instances, 206
deleting, 206
inserting, 206
number of, 204-205
switching, 206
tuning, 594
writing, 206
tablespaces, 234
training, 819
transaction processing system, 277-279
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), 652
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), 643
architecture, 643-644
capabilities, 648-649
connecting with Oracle8, 648
Data Access Objects (DAO), 643
evolution, 642
limitations, 648-649
Net8, 644
optimization, 649-651
Oracle, 643
purpose, 642
Remote Data Objects (RDO), 643
setup, 645-648
troubleshooting, 651-652
Open Group, 51
open systems (architecture), 60
operating systems
administrators, reviewing installation plans with, 84
architecture design, 16
audit trails, 455
communicating via, 24
installation (Oracle8), 76
interfacing, 146-147
locking, 784-785
NT, 70-72
packages, 103
patches, 103
software requirements, 103
tuning, 442, 586-587
disk requirements, 588-591
memory requirements, 587-588
transparency (Oracle Transparent Gateways), 151
UNIX, 16, 70-72
VMS, 16
operational environment of data warehouses, documenting, 750-751
operations of queues
dequeue operation, 402, 405-408
enqueue operation, 402, 405-408
operators, concatenation, 124
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 86, 104, 214-215
directories
admin tree, 87
data directories, 88
local subtrees, 88
log directories, 88
ORACLE BASE, 87
ORACLE HOME, 86
sizing disk space, 87
OPTIMIZER FEATURES ENABLED parameter, 347
OPTIMIZER GOAL init.ora file parameter, 598
OPTIMIZER MODE init.ora file parameter, 598
OPTIMIZER MODE parameter, 346
OPTIMIZER PERCENT PARALLEL parameter, 347
OPTIMIZER SEARCH LIMIT parameter, 347, 349
optimizers, 345
benefits, 626
cost-based optimizer, 347, 349, 611-613, 626
benefits, 629
evaluation process, 630
goals, 349
hints, 613-616
internal functioning, 630-631
OLTP applications, 806-807
statistic collection, 630
transparent gateways, 152
enhancements, 12
hints, 368-369
initialization parameters, 346-347
queries, 635
recommendations, 347-348
rule-based optimizer, 348-349, 611-613, 626-627
benefits, 629
evaluation process, 628-629
execution plans, 627-628
limitations, 629
rules, 612
workings of, 345-346
optimizing
applications, 344
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 649-651
queries, 624-625
control factors, 625-626
cost-based optimizer, 626, 629-631
documentation, 633
experimentation, 637-638
guidelines, 637
intervention, 626-627, 634-635
optimizers vs. intervention, 626
rule-based optimizer, 626-629
SQL statements, 344-345
ANALYZE command, 350-356
optimizers, 345-350
optional modules during installation, 85-86
optional processes, 172, 180
Archiver (ARCH), 180
dedicated server processes, 181
Lock Writer (LCK), 180-181
Net8 processes, 181
parallel query processes, 182
Recoverer (RECO), 180
Web server processes, 182-183
ORA-01631 max # extents (100) in table xxxxx error, 435
ORA-7xxx errors, 444
Oracle
7.x family, 8
architecture, 8
business operations, 54
company headquarters, 54
development instances, 68
Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
production instances, 68
see also Oracle6, Oracle7, Oracle7.3, and Oracle8
Oracle Alliance, 126-127
Oracle Application Server (OAS), 47-48
ORACLE BASE directory, 87
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
APIs, 732
callbacks, 732
Web Application Server 3.0, 701
Oracle Developer Programme, 69
Oracle Enterprise Manager, see Enterprise Manager
Oracle Expert, 515-516
Oracle Financials, 268
ORACLE HOME directory, 86-87, 105
Oracle Installation Guide, 444, 587
Oracle Lite 3.0, 47
Oracle Media Net, see Media Net
Oracle Media Objects, see Media Objects
Oracle Media Server, see Media Server
Oracle Media Talk, see Media Talk
Oracle Optimal Flexible Architecture, 587
Oracle Parallel Server (OPS)
architecture, 783-785
initialization parameters, 785, 791-792
instances, 784-785
locking
instances, 785-790
operating systems, 784-785
platforms, 784
objectives, 783
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 782
raw partitions, 590
redundancy, 783
Oracle Power Objects, 830
Oracle protocols in SQL*Net, 321
Oracle Server SQL Reference Manual, 422
Oracle Technology Network, 69
Oracle*Forms 4.5, 141
Oracle6, 241-242, 244-245
Oracle7, 242, 244-245
Oracle7.3, 10-12
Oracle8
beta test period, 8
developers, relationship with, 9
enhancements, 10-12
Enterprise Edition, 62
backups, 63-64
bit-mapped indexes, 65-66
Enterprise Manager Performance Pack, 62-63
incremental backups, 63-64
index scans, 67
parallel backups, 63-64
parallel DML (Data Manipulation Language), 66-67
parallel queries, 66
point in time tablespaces, 64
files, 200
installation, 76
considerations, 587
documentation, 79-82
memory allocation, 88-89
operating systems, 76
optional modules, 85-86
planning, 76-79, 83, 85-86
processing options, 92
reviewing, 84
sample plan, 96-99
system hardware, 85
new features, 12-13
Personal Oracle, 68
application development, 68-69
as a training tool, 69-70
memory, 194
moving data to larger databases, 69
purchasing, 69
testing applications, 69
privileges, 242, 245
product line, 13
tier one development platforms, 8-9
training program, 9
tuning, 442
upgrades
backout plan, 94-95
backups, 95
challenges, 92-93
considerations, 93-94
personnel support, 95-96
technical support, 96
timing, 95-96
Windows NT, 9, 28-29
ORASEV listener process (SQL*Net connections), 422
Orastack, 838
ORB (Object Request Broker), 41, 743
ORDBMS (Object-Relational Database Management System), 301
order (reserved word), 221
order methods, 292-294
ORDERED hint, 615, 634
ordering objects, 291
map methods, 291-292
order methods, 292-294
organization of tablespaces, 426
OSs, see operating systems
outer selects, 66
overwriting files, 205

P

p-code, 387, 606
packages, 218, 368
DBMS JOB package
BROKEN procedure, 480
INTERVAL procedure, 480
REMOVE procedure, 479
RUN procedure, 480
SUBMIT procedure, 477-479
DBMS package, 476
DBMS REFRESH package, 320
definition, 229
Java, 699
operating system packages, 103
pinning in DBMS shared pool package, 607
PL/SQL packages
bodies, 372
creating, 372-373
DBMS ALERT PL/SQL package, 394-396
DBMS AQ PL/SQL package, 405-408
DBMS AQADM PL/SQL package, 402-405
DBMS JOB PL/SQL package, 410-413
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379-387
DBMS OUTPUT PL/SQL package, 408-410
DBMS PIPE PL/SQL package, 396-401
DBMS SQL PL/SQL package, 387-393
functionality, 372
headers, 372
location, 372
UTL FILE PL/SQL package, 373-379
Web Application Server 3.0, 697
privileges, 230
purpose, 220
palette media object, 827
paradigms, linking, 148
parallel backups, 63-64
Parallel Cache Management (PCM) locks, 786-790
PARALLEL DEFAULT MAX INSTANCES parameter, 785
parallel default max scans parameter, 114, 785
parallel default scan size parameter, 114
parallel DML (Data Manipulation Language), 66-67, 846-847
PARALLEL hint, 615
parallel max servers parameter, 343
parallel processing, 10, 56-57
parallel queries, 66, 838
parallel servers, 11, 27
application partitioning, 783, 790-791
architecture, 783-785
initialization parameters, 785, 791-792
instances, 784-785
lock processes, 450
locking
instances, 785-790
operating systems, 784-785
platforms, 784
objectives, 783
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 782
redundancy, 783
survivability (replication), 332
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 838
parallelization of SQL statements, 343
parameters
async read parameter, 114
async write parameter, 114
audit trail parameter, 211, 454-455
background dump dest parameter, 211-212
CACHE SIZE THRESHOLD parameter, 785
CACHE/NOCACHE parameter, 307
ccf io size parameter, 114
checkpoint process parameter, 114
CHUNK parameter, 307
compatible parameter, 211
control files parameter, 211, 785
count parameter, 359
CPU COUNT parameter, 785
cpu parameter, 359
current parameter, 359
db block buffers parameter, 211
db block size parameter, 211, 785
db file multiblock read count parameter, 211
db files parameter, 210, 785
db name parameter, 210, 785
db writers parameter, 114
disk parameter, 359
DML LOCKS parameter, 785
elapsed parameter, 359
ENABLE/DISABLE STORAGE IN ROW parameter, 307
GC DB LOCKS parameter, 791-792
GC FILES TO LOCKS parameter, 785, 791-792
GC LOCK PROCS parameter, 785, 791
GC RELEASEABLE LOCKS parameter, 791-792
GC ROLLBACK LOCKS parameter, 785, 791
increment parameter, 231
INDEX parameter, 307
init sql files parameter, 114
init.ora file, 596-598
BACKGROUND DUMP DEST, 596
CHECKPOINT PROCESS, 596-597
CONTROL FILES, 597
DB BLOCK BUFFERS, 597
DB BLOCK SIZE, 597
DB FILE MULTI BLOCK READ COUNT, 597
DB FILES, 597
HASH AREA SIZE, 597
HASH JOIN ENABLE, 597
HASH MULTI BLOCK IO COUNT, 597
LARGE POOL MIN ALLOC, 597
LARGE POOL SIZE, 597
LOG ARCHIVE BUFFER SIZE, 597
LOG ARCHIVE BUFFERS, 597
LOG ARCHIVE DEST, 597
LOG ARCHIVE FORMAT, 597
LOG ARCHIVE START, 597
LOG BUFFER, 597
LOG CHECKPOINT INTERVAL, 597
MAX ROLLBACK SEGMENTS, 598
OPTIMIZER GOAL, 598
OPTIMIZER MODE, 598
ROLLBACK SEGMENTS, 598
SHARED POOL RESERVED MIN ALLOC, 598
SHARED POOL RESERVED SIZE, 598
SHARED POOL SIZE, 598
SORT AREA SIZE, 598
SQL TRACE, 598
TIMED STATISTICS, 598
initial extent parameter, 222, 233-234
initialization files, 209-211
initialization parameters
optimizers, 346-347
Parallel Server, 785, 791-792
SQL Trace facility, 358
initrans parameter, 221
JOB QUEUE INTERVAL parameter, 476
JOB QUEUE PROCESSES parameter, 476
lm domains parameter, 114
LM LOCKS parameter, 785
lm non-fault tolerant parameter, 114
LM PROCS parameter, 785
LM RESS parameter, 785
log archive start parameter, 211
log buffer parameter, 211
log checkpoint interval parameter, 211
LOG FILES parameter, 785
LOGGING/NOLOGGING parameter, 307
MAX COMMIT PROPAGATION DELAY parameter, 785
max dump file size parameter, 211, 358
max extents parameter, 234
max value parameter, 231
maxextents parameter, 222
maxtrans parameter, 221
memory, setting, 587
min extents parameter, 222, 234
next extent parameter, 222, 234
OPTIMIZER FEATURES ENABLED parameter, 347
OPTIMIZER MODE parameter, 346
OPTIMIZER PERCENT PARALLEL parameter, 347
OPTIMIZER SEARCH LIMIT parameter, 347, 349
PARALLEL DEFAULT MAX INSTANCES parameter, 785
parallel default max scans parameter, 114, 785
parallel default scan size parameter, 114
parallel max servers parameter, 343
pct increase parameter, 234
PCTVERSION parameter, 307
processes parameter, 211
query parameter, 359
rollback segments parameter, 211, 785
rows parameter, 359
sequence cache has buckets parameter, 114
serializable parameter, 114
session cached cursors parameter, 114
shared pool size parameter, 211
SORT AREA RETAINED SIZE parameter, 196
SORT AREA SIZE parameter, 196
start value parameter, 231
storage parameters, 233-234, 428, 435
TABLESPACE parameter, 307
TIMED STATISTICS parameter, 358
use async io parameter, 114
user dump dest parameter, 211, 358
parent tables
child tables, 432
referential integrity, 431-432, 525
parsing of SQL, 340-342, 611
partitioning
applications, 783, 790-791
data warehouses, 759
indexes, 12, 27, 600, 602
bitmap indexes, 842
considerations, 844
decision tree, 603-604
equi-partitioned indexes, 602
global indexes, 603, 843
global prefixed indexes, 844
IU (index unusable), 845
local indexes, 603, 843
local non-prefixed indexes, 844
local prefixed indexes, 844
nonprefixed indexes, 602-603
prefixed indexes, 602-603
restrictions, 844
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 837, 842-845
range partitioning, 367-368
tables, 12, 27, 600-602
editing partitions, 854
number of partitions possible, 840
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 837, 839-842
tablespaces, 424-425
partitions, 218, 235
creating, 235
purpose, 219-220
tablespaces, 235
uses, 235
passive gateways, 150, 156
advantages, 157
building
mainframe to Oracle example, 157-161
Oracle to mainframe example, 162-164
disadvantages, 157
passwords
aging, 510-511
expiration dates, 510-511
roles, 274
patches
operating system patches, 103
postmigration patches, 118
path media object, 827
pathnames, syntax of, 113
Patrol (BMC Software), 474
Pause method (Video Custom Control), 831
PAUSE SQL*Plus command, 536
pc computing, 35-36
pct increase parameter, 234
PCTFREE value, 435-436
PCTUSED value, 436
PCTVERSION parameter, 307
.pdf (portable document file) files, 710-711
PDML (Parallel DML), 66-67, 846-847
performance
databases, 442
OLTP applications, 798
iostat utility, 798-800
vmstat utility, 800-801
tablespaces, 428
VLDBs (Very Large Databases)
partitioning data, 840
rollback segments, 851-852
transactions, 851
tuning, 850-851
Performance Manager, 512-514
Performance Pack (Enterprise Manager), 62-63, 485
Perl
application cartridge, 719
Web Application Server 3.0, 701
permissions, 240, 422
completing listing of, 422
history, 241
Oracle6, 241-242
Oracle7, 242
Oracle8, 242
implementation, 242-243
memory sharing, 188
purpose, 241
roles, 242
see also privileges, 240, 269
personal computers
client/server architecture, 35
purpose of, 35-36
total cost of ownership (TCO), 33, 35
Personal Oracle, 68
applications
development, 68-69
testing, 69
as a training tool, 69-70
memory, 194
moving data to larger databases, 69
purchasing, 69
personalized news services media data, 820
PGA (Program Global Area), 20-21, 187, 194-195
phone numbers for technical support, 97
physical database design, 89-90, 202
pinging, 786
pinning
application code in DBMS shared pool package, 607
SGA, 588
PL/SQL, 10, 344, 372
application cartridge, 719
gateways, 151-152
JavaScript, 696
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 659-660
OLTP applications, 803
p-code, 387
packages
bodies, 372
creating, 372-373
Data Conversion Tool (DCT), 139-140
DBMS ALERT PL/SQL package, 394-396
DBMS AQ PL/SQL package, 405-408
DBMS AQADM PL/SQL package, 402-405
DBMS JOB PL/SQL package, 410-413
DBMS LOB PL/SQL package, 379-387
DBMS OUTPUT PL/SQL package, 408-410
DBMS PIPE PL/SQL package, 396-401
DBMS SQL PL/SQL package, 387-393
functionality, 372
headers, 372
Java, 740-745
location, 372
UTL FILE PL/SQL package, 373-379
Web Application Server 3.0, 697
stored procedures, 230
Web Application Server 3.0, 687-698
planning
installation (Oracle8), 76
business needs, 77-79
documentation, 79-82
modules, 85-86
operating system requirements, 76-77
processing options, 92
sample plan, 96-99
writing plans and checklists, 83
OLTP applications, 812
upgrades
backout plan, 94-95
challenges, 92-93
considerations, 93-94
platforms, 102
applications, migration, 126
installation, 85, 102
locking with Integrated Distributed Lock Managers (IDLMs), 784
tier one platforms, 27
UNIX, 102
Platinum Technology, Inc.
Enterprise DBA, 551-552
Enterprise Performance Management, 554-555
Fast Unload, 552
SQL*Station, 553-554
SQLTrace, 474
TSReorg utility, 553
Web address, 551, 553-554
play method (Video Custom Control), 831-832
PlayVolume property (Video Custom Control), 831
PMON (Process Monitor), 172, 175, 450
point in time tablespaces, 64
pool in System Global Area (SGA), 191-193
pooling connections, 11, 838
portability of software for migration, 125
portable document file (.pdf) file format, 710-711
PositionFrames property (Video Custom Control), 832
PositionTime property (Video Custom Control), 832
postmigration patches, 118
Power Objects, 830
preallocation of data files, 202-203
precision (numbers), 222
precompilers, 77
preferences, setting with Enterprise Manager, 490-491
prefetch (JDBC), 662
prefixed indexes, 602-603
global prefixed indexes, 844
local prefixed indexes, 844
Prepare method (Video Custom Control), 832
prerequisites for privileges, 244
presentations media data, 819
prices
disks, 85, 200
memory, 200
PRIMARY KEY constraint, 237
private synonyms, 229
privileges, 240, 244, 422
access privileges, 243
any privileges, 245, 254-259
auditing, 460-461
CREATE ANY DIRECTORY privilege, 306
database maintenance privileges, 245, 259-260
DBAs, 254-258
guidelines for using, 258-259
Oracle8, 245
default privileges, 261
descriptions, 244
developer privileges, 245, 253-254
dummy users, 261-262
grants, 268, 274
admin option, 271
assigning, 269
command line management, 276
Enterprise Manager, 276
limiting, 271
limits, 271
public option, 271, 275
removing, 269
scripts, 275-276
viewing, 269-271
history, 241
Oracle6, 241-242
Oracle7, 242
Oracle8, 242
implementation, 242-243
internal connections, 261
monitoring privileges, 245, 260
object privileges, 243-244, 246, 250
ALTER, 246
columns (tables), 252
databases, 247
DELETE, 246
EXECUTE, 246
grantors, 268
INDEX, 246
indexes, 226, 248
INSERT, 246
map, 247-248
object owners, 268
objects, 248
owners, 247
packages, 230
procedures, 248, 252
REFERENCES, 246
SELECT, 247
sequences, 232, 248, 251
stored procedures, 229-230
synonyms, 229, 248
tables, 223, 247, 250
tablespaces, 247
UPDATE, 247
views, 228, 248, 251
Oracle6
CONNECT users, 241, 245
DBAs, 241, 244-245
RESOURCE users, 241, 245
Oracle7, 244-245
Oracle8, 245
prerequisites, 244
purpose, 241
roles, 242, 268, 271-272
assigning, 273
command line management, 276
contents, 273
creating, 272-273
defaults, 273
Enterprise Manager, 276
grants, 272, 274
hierarchies, 273
passwords, 274
removing, 274
schemes, 262-266
building, 268, 283-284
data warehouse, 280-282
development instance, 282-283
Financials (Oracle), 268
online transaction processing system, 277-279
system privileges, 268
user privileges, 245, 252
Pro*C, 77
Pro*COBOL, 77
proactive tuning, 441, 586
procedural gateways, 149, 153-154
Advanced Program to Program Communication (APPC) protocol, 154
examples, 155
MQSeries (IBM), 155-156
reasons for purchasing, 156
procedural languages, 10
procedures, 368
DBMS JOB package, 477-480
EXECUTE statement, 326
external procedures, 608
data cartridges, 730-732
OLTP applications, 803-804
pinning in DBMS shared pool package, 607
privileges, 248, 252
SCHEDULE EXECUTION statement, 326
stored procedures, 218, 368
accessing, 230
advantages, 229-230, 341
contents, 230
definition, 229
disadvantages, 230
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 659-660
PL/SQL, 230
privileges, 229-230
purpose, 220
tablespaces, 230
Process Global Area (PGA), 20-21, 187, 194-195
process ID, 175
Process Monitor (PMON), 172, 175, 450
processes
Archiver processes, 92
background processes, 17-18
initializing, 453
listing of common ones, 450
monitoring, 451-452
SNP background processes, 475-476
SQL*Net connections, 422
batch processes, 453
checkpoint processes, 19, 92
daily processing cycle, 78
data writing processes, 19
database writer processes, 92
listener processes
Net8 connections, 423
SQL*Net connections, 422
load processes, 26
logging processes, 19
main processes, 172-173
Database Writer (DBWR), 172, 176-178
importance of, 172-173
Log Writer (LGWR), 172, 178-179
Process Monitor (PMON), 172, 175
System Monitor (SMON), 172-174
map, 172-183
mnaddsrv process, 683
mnorbsrv process, 683
mnrpcmnsrv process, 683
monitoring processes, 19
Net8 processes
alert log files, 212
listeners, 92
optional processes, 172, 180
Archiver (ARCH), 180
dedicated server processes, 181
Lock Writer (LCK), 180-181
Net8 processes, 181
parallel query processes, 182
Recoverer (RECO), 180
Web server processes, 182-183
query processes, 26, 92, 182
Recoverer processes, 92
server processes, 92
SQL*Net processes, 212
syntax, 450
user processes, 19
Web Request Broker (WAS 3.0), 683
wrbahsrv process, 683
wrbasrv process, 683
wrbcfg process, 683
wrbfac process, 683
wrblog process, 683
wrbroker process, 683
wrbvpm process, 683
processes parameter, 211
processing
applications
connection, 338
termination, 339
batch processing, 449, 453
files, 525
parallel processing, 10
queries, 342
query processing, 449
serial processing, 10
software, 220
SQL statements, 340
bind variables, 343
cursor creation, 340
execution, 343
fetch rows, 343
parallelization, 343
parsing, 340-342
queries, 342
review, 344
system processing, 449-450
tiers as a multiple user solution, 11
transactions, 338-339, 449-450
user processing, 449-450
product directory (Optimal Flexible Architecture), 214
product line of Oracle, 13
production instances (Oracle), 68
profiles, 422
Program Global Area (PGA), 20-21, 187, 194-195
programmers, shell script, 96
programs (UNIX)
extproc, 608
vmstat, 588
see also applications
PROMPT SQL*Plus command, 536
prompts in SQL, 530
propagators in replicated environment, 322
proprietary APIs, 40
protocols
Advanced Program to Program Communication (APPC) protocol, 154
database protocols, 321
distributed transaction protocol, 327, 335
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP), 668-669
Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 670
cookies, 671
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), 670-671
Uniform Resource Locator (URL), 669-670
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP), 41
network protocols, 321
Oracle protocols, 321
TCP/IP protocol, 667
public option grant, 271, 275
public synonyms, 229, 248
purging
audit trails, 464
files, 213
PUSH SUBQ hint, 615

Q

queries
audit queries, examples, 465-467
Enterprise Manager, 233
execution, 625
compound queries, 632-633
control factors, 625
full table scans, 631
indexes, 631-632
intervention, 626-627
merge-join algorithm, 631-632
nested loop algorithm, 632-633
optimizers, 626
rule-based optimizer, 627-628
Trace utility, 636-637
fetching rows, 343
indexes, 225
multiple queries, 57
optimizing, 624-625
control factors, 625-626
cost-based optimizer, 626, 629-631
documentation, 633
experimentation, 637-638
guidelines, 637
index design, 635
intervention, 626-627, 634-635
optimizers vs. intervention, 626
rule-based optimizer, 626-629
parallel queries, 10, 26, 66, 838
processing, 92, 182, 342, 449-450
SQL (Standard Query Language), 232
SQL areas, 21
star queries, 68, 609
subqueries, 606-607
tablespaces, 232-233
query columns, defining, 662-663
query libraries, 735, 737
query parameter (SQL Trace), 359
Quest Software
ADHawk Monitor, 555
ADHawk Spacer utility, 553
SQLab, 554
Web address, 553-555
queues
administrators, 402-405
agents, 402
deferred transaction queue, 327
definition, 402
exception queues, 402
job queues
attributes of jobs, 477
data dictionary views, 480-481
DBMS JOB package, 476
deleting jobs, 479
executing, 475
inserting jobs, 477-479
managing, 475
modifying jobs, 480
parameters, 476
running jobs, 480
multithreaded server queues, 193
operations
dequeue operation, 402, 405-408
enqueue operation, 402, 405-408
records
deleting, 402, 405-408
inserting, 402, 405-408
user queues, 402
quitting migration, 117
quotas for tablespace, 271

R

RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks), 85, 90, 590-591
hardware RAID, 91
levels, 26, 91, 568
mirroring, 90-91
OLTP applications, 802
software RAID, 91
striping, 91
tablespaces, 591
warm recovery, 91
RAID drives, 568-569
RAM (random access memory), 187
range partitioning, 367-368
raw data files, 203
raw partitions, 589-590
raw (size) datatype, 222
RDBMSs, interfacing, 147-148
RDO (Remote Data Objects), 643
reactive tuning, 441, 586
READ ONLY command, 426
read-only tablespaces, 203, 425-426
reading files, 373-379
README files, 81-82
real memory, 187
REBUILD command, 446
rebuilding indexes, 446
receivers in replicated environment, 322
RECO (Recoverer), 92, 180, 450
recompiling invalid objects, 116
records (queues)
deleting, 402, 405-408
inserting, 402, 405-408
Recoverer (RECO), 92, 180, 450
recoveries (backups)
cold backups, 582
hot backups, 420, 583
incremental backups
Export utility, 566-567
Import utility, 567
management, 12
RAID, 91
Recovery Manager, 106-107, 419, 421, 856-860
standby databases, 420, 571
user needs, 79
Recovery Manager, 106, 419, 421
recovery catalogs, creating, 107
repository, 421
restricted mode, 107
VLDBs (Very Large Databases)
backups, 856, 858-860
recoveries, 856-858
recovery processes, 450
redo log buffer, 21, 190-191
redo log files, 23, 200-201, 204
archive log mode, 205
associated with instances, 206
backups, 561-562
cold backups, 564
hot backups, 564
deleting, 206
finding, 562
inserting, 206
location on disk drives, 203
number of, 204-205
switching, 206
tuning, 594
viewing, 562
writing, 206
redundancy, 783
redundant array of independent disks (RAID), 85, 90, 590-591
hardware RAID, 91
levels, 26, 91, 568
mirroring, 90-91
OLTP applications, 802
software RAID, 91
striping, 91
tablespaces, 591
warm recovery, 91
REF attribute, 296
references media data, 821
REFERENCES object privilege, 246, 250
referential integrity
disabling, 432, 525
Referential Integrity Constraint, 431
schemas, 431-432
refreshing
data warehouses, 757-758, 760-765
snapshots (data), 317-319
REFs, 296
registering event sets, 491, 493-495
Registry, 28
relational databases, migration from hierarchical databases, 128, 130
relational model (data warehouses), 752
relationship of one-to-many, 296-297
release method (Video Custom Control), 832
reliability, 79
REM SQL*Plus command, 536
REMARK SQL*Plus command, 536
remote administration, 501-502
Remote Data Objects (RDO), 643
REMOVE procedure, 479
removing
grants, 269
roles, 274
renaming files, 204
replication, 11-12, 312
complex replication, 321-326
conflicts, 328
delete conflicts, 329
resolution, 327
uniqueness conflicts, 328
update conflicts, 328-331
data, 164
asynchronous replication, 164-165
IBM Data Propagator, 165
Replication Services, 166
deferred constraints, 334
environments, 322-324
fine-grain quiesce, 335
historical data, 314
limitations, 313
managing, 326-327
multi-master replication, 322
networks, 321
statistical data, 314
survivability, 331-333
Replication Manager, 326, 333-335
Replication Services, 166
reports
generators, 77
Reports Builder 3.0, 710-711
SQL*Plus reports
cross tabular reports, 539-541
formatting, 537-538, 544-548
forms, 544-548
generating, 538-539
master/detail reports, 541-543
multi-table reports, 543-544
Trace utility, 636-637
World Wide Web and Developer/2000, 710
Reports Builder 3.0, 710-711
repositories (Recovery Manager), 421
Repository (Enterprise Manager)
administrator assignments, 491
building, 486-487
reserved words, 221
resizing data files, 213
resolution of conflicts, 327
update conflicts, 329-331
virtual policy, 327
RESOURCE users, 241, 245
restoring data, backout plan, 95
restricted ROWID, 606
retrieving data, 19
reverse-key indexes, 610, 849
reviewing installation plans, 84
revoke command, 269
RMAN, see Recovery Manager
RMI (Java), 744-745
roles, 242, 268, 271-272, 422
assigning, 273
command line management, 276
Connect role, 510
contents, 273
creating, 272-273
defaults, 273
Enterprise Manager, 276
grants, 272, 274
hierarchies, 273
passwords, 274
removing, 274
rollback segments
location, 595
OLTP applications, 794
parameter, 211, 785
tuning, 594-595
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 851-852, 855
ROLLBACK SEGMENTS init.ora file parameter, 598
ROLLBACK tablespace, 426, 591
row cache in System Global Area (SGA) shared pool, 192
row chaining in tablespaces, 429-430
row IDs, 220-221
improvements, 606
OLTP applications, 804
restricted ROWID, 606
rowid datatype, 223
ROWID hint, 615
rows
chained rows, 353
fetching (queries) , 343
migrated rows, 353
tables, 220
constraints, 237
row IDs, 220-221
tablespaces
chaining, 429-430
migration, 429
rows parameter (SQL Trace), 359
rule-based optimizer, 348-349, 611-613, 626-627
benefits, 629
evaluation process, 628-629
execution plans, 627-628
limitations, 629
rules, 612
RUN procedure, 480
RUN SQL*Plus command, 532
RUNFORM SQL*Plus command, 532
running
jobs, 480
scripts, 275-276

S

salesperson dimension tables (star schemas), 755-756
sar -d command (UNIX), 591
sar command (UNIX), 588
SAVE filename SQL*Plus command, 533
scalability, 10, 758
scale
hardware, 54
numbers, 222
scanning index pages, 67
scans in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 849
SCHEDULE EXECUTION procedure, 326
scheduling
batch processes, 453
jobs, 410-413, 448, 474
deleting jobs, 479
Enterprise Manager, 497-500
job queues, 475-477
modifying jobs, 480
submitting jobs, 477-479
maintenance, 560
snapshot refreshes, 319
Schema Manager, 504
creating schema objects, 504-505
nested tables, 508-509
object tables, 508-509
object types, 505, 507
VARRAYs, 506-508
schema mapping, 153
Schema Reference (Data Conversion Tool), 135, 140
schemas
creating, 504-505
definition of, 431
exporting, 432-433
importing, 432
maintenance, 431
objects, 431
referential integrity, 431-432
managing, 504
objects, 431
estimating size of, 436-441
maintenance, 431
referential integrity, 431-432
star schema, 752
dimension tables, 753-757
fact tables, 752-753
schemes
backups, 571
ARCHIVELOG mode, 572
automating, 573-582
cold backups, 571
hot backups, 572
incremental backups, 572
selecting the best one, 573
standby databases, 573
privileges, 262-266
SCN data files, 202
screen mode (Server Manager), 524
scripting languages
JavaScript, 676
Media Talk, 826
scripts
cold backup automation, 574-577
grants, 275
creating, 275
executing, 275-276
hot backup automation, 578-582
JavaScript
HTML, 696
PL/SQL, 696
JavaScripts, 676
monitoring, 467-468
audit trail size monitoring script, 468-469
fragmentation monitoring script, 471-473
tablescape utilitization monitoring script, 469-470
user sessions monitoring script, 470-471
recompiling invalid objects, 116
recovery of backups, 582-583
shutdown/startup, 577
Tc1 scripts, 493
scrubbing process, see extraction and scrubbing process (data warehouses)
searching
indexes, 65, 224-225
tables
full table scans, 631
indexes, 631-632
INTERSECT algorithm, 632
merge-join algorithm, 631-632
nested loop algorithm, 632-633
UNION algorithm, 632
UNION ALL algorithm, 632
rowid in OLTP applications, 804
Secure Sockets Layer (Web Application Server 3.0), 705-706
security, 240
firewalls, 421, 423
intentional data destuction, 419-420
OLTP applications, 807
application-enforced security, 807-808
auditing features, 809
DBMS-enforced security, 808
hybrid security, 808-809
passwords
expiration dates, 510-511
roles, 274
permissions, 422
privilege schemes
building, 268, 283-284
data warehouse, 280-282
development instance, 282-283
Financials (Oracle), 268
online transaction processing system, 277-279
privileges, 240, 244, 422
access privileges, 243
any privileges, 245, 254-259
auditing, 460-461
command line management, 276
CREATE ANY DIRECTORY privilege, 306
database maintenance privileges, 245, 259-260
DBAs, 245, 254-259
default privileges, 261
descriptions, 244
developer privileges, 245, 253-254
dummy users, 261-262
Enterprise Manager, 276
grantors, 268
grants, 268-269, 271, 274-276
history, 241-242
implementation, 242-243
internal connections, 261
monitoring privileges, 245, 260
object privileges, 223, 226, 228-230, 232, 243-244, 246-248, 250-252
Oracle6, 241, 244-245
Oracle7, 244-245
Oracle8, 245
prerequisites, 244
purpose, 241
roles, 242, 268, 271-274
schemes, 262-266
user privileges, 245, 252
profiles, 422
roles, 422
security administrator, 240
Security Server, 13, 424
SQL*Plus commands, 530
user IDs, 510
World Wide Web, 703
guidelines, 707
Secure Sockets Layer, 705-706
user authentication, 703-704
user verification, 704-705
security administrator, 240
Security Manager, 510-511
Security Server, 13, 424
authentication, 510
Enterprise Manager, 13
SELECT ANY SEQUENCE privilege, 256
SELECT ANY TABLE privilege, 257
SELECT object privilege, 247
sequences, 251
tables, 250
views, 251
select statement
inner selects, 66
outer selects, 66
sub-selects, 57
selections, see views
semaphores
allocating, 588
deleting, 444
identifying, 444
troubleshooting, 444
SEMMNI values, 444, 587-588
SEMMNS values, 444, 587-588
sequence cache has buckets parameter, 114
sequences, 218
accessing, 231
creating, 231
data mining, 777
definition, 231
maintenance, 232
parameters, 231
privileges, 232, 248, 251-252
purpose, 219
serial processing, 10
serializable parameter, 114
Server Manager, 13, 232, 419, 524
file processing, 525
history, 524
line mode, 524
screen mode, 524
starting, 525
uses, 524-525
server processes, 92, 450
server queues, 193
server-based systems, 774-775
servers, 313
application servers, 47-48
backups, 12
cost and consequences, 33
database servers, 48-49
hardware requirements, 102-103
installation, 102
documentation, 106
environment setup, 104-106
Optimal Flexible Architecture, 104
Media Server, 816, 821-822
Media Data Store (MDS), 822-824
sound, 816
video, 816
Video Pump, 824
Voltab file, 824
monitoring, 443-444
multithreaded servers, 194-195
SQL*Net connections, 422
stack space, 194
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 837-838
Names Server (SQL*Net), 424
Oracle Application Server (OAS), 47-48
parallel servers, 11, 27
application partitioning, 783, 790-791
architecture, 783-785
initialization parameters, 785, 791-792
instances, 784-785
lock processes, 450
locking, 784-790
objectives, 783
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 782
redundancy, 783
survivability (replication), 332
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 838
recovery (backups), 12
Security Server, 13, 424
authentication, 510
Enterprise Manager, 13
Server Manager, 13
software requirements, 103
networking products, 104
operating system, 103
Web Application Server 3.0, 666, 681
Advanced Version, 712
Developer/2000, 708-712
Dispatcher, 682
future, 713
non-Oracle databases, 702-703
purchase information, 712
security, 703-707
Standard Version, 712
Web Developer Suite , 713
Web Listener, 682
Web Request Broker (WRB), 682-702
transactions, 683-685
Web servers, 47-48
service dimension tables (star schemas), 755
services, 28-29
instances, 29
listeners, 29
network computing environment, 36
session beans (JavaBeans), 42
session cached cursors parameter, 114
sessions
auditing, 458-459
monitoring, 468, 470-471
set role command, 273
SET SQL*Plus command, 536-537
setting
memory parameters, 587
preferences with Enterprise Manager, 490-491
Ulimit, 445
Setup Wizard (Replication Manager), 334
SGA (System Global Area), 20-21, 187-189
controlling, 193-194
database buffer cache, 189-190
definition files, 24
locking, 588
not available messages, 188
pinning, 588
redo log buffer, 190-191
shared pool, 191
cursors, 192-193
data dictionary cache, 192
interprocess communications area, 193
multithreaded server queues, 193
shared SQL, 191-192
tuning, 592-594
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), 671
shape media object, 828-829
shared memory areas, 17-18, 20
locks, 444
Program Global Area (PGA), 20-21
software code areas, 20
sort areas, 20-21
System Global Area (SGA), 20-21
shared pool
DBMS shared pool package, 607
System Global Area (SGA), 191
cursors, 192-193
data dictionary cache, 192
interprocess communications area, 193
multithreaded server queues, 193
shared SQL, 191-192
SHARED POOL RESERVED MIN ALLOC init.ora file parameter, 598
SHARED POOL RESERVED SIZE init.ora file parameter, 598
SHARED POOL SIZE init.ora file parameter, 211, 598
sharing memory, 187-188
shell script programmers, 96
SHMMAX values, 444, 587
SHMMHI values, 444, 587
SHMSEG values, 444, 588
shopping media data, 820
ShowControls property (Video Custom Control), 832
ShowPosition property (Video Custom Control), 832
ShowVideoInfo property (Video Custom Control), 832
ShowVolume property (Video Custom Control), 832
shutdown
instances, 502-503
troubleshooting, 445
SID (system identifier), 173
sites on Web, see Web sites
sizes
columns (tables), 222
indexes, calculating, 439-441
tables, calculating, 436-439
tablespaces, 424
sizing
automatic resizing of data files, 213
databases during installation planning process, 78
disk space in Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 87
tables during installation planning process, 78
SMON (System Monitor), 172-174, 450
snapshot too old error, 594
Snapshot Wizard (Replication Manager), 334
snapshots (data)
creating, 317-320
data warehouses, 315-317
logs, 320-321
refreshing, 317-319
automatic refresh, 319
schedule, 319
storage, 318
tablespaces, 318
transaction consistent snapshots, 317
Snnn processes, 450
SNP background processes, 475-476
SNPn processes, 450
software
data warehouses, 751-752
files, 200
hardware requirements
architecture, 54-55
scale, 54
installation, 27-28, 76, 102
documentation, 79-82
memory allocation, 88-89
operating systems, 76
optional modules, 85-86
planning, 76-79, 83, 85-86
processing options, 92
reviewing, 84
sample plan, 96-99
system hardware, 85
memory, 196
operating systems, 126
portability, 125
processing, 220
RAID, 91
servers, 103-104
stored procedures, 218, 220, 229-230
upgrades
backout plan, 94-95
backups, 95
challenges, 92-93
considerations, 93-94
personnel support, 95-96
technical support, 96
timing, 95-96
utility, 55
software code areas, 20
Solaris (Sun), 27, 102
hardware requirements, 102-103
software requirements, 103
utilities
iostat utility, 799
vmstat utility, 801
SORT AREA RETAINED SIZE parameter, 196
SORT AREA SIZE init.ora file parameter, 598
SORT AREA SIZE parameter, 196
sort areas (memory), 20-21, 187, 196
sound
banking, 820
games, 820-821
help desk support, 819
home shopping, 820
kiosks, 819
media object, 827
Media Server, 816, 821-824
news services, 820
presentations, 819
reference materials, 821
training, 819
space in tablespaces, 424, 427-428
free space, 436
managing, 430
Spatial data cartridge, 720, 722
speed, 10, 186-187
splitting tables, 78
SPOOL SQL*Plus command, 537
Spyglass Web Listener, 682
SQL (Standard Query Language), 232, 530
code
SQL*Plus, 548-551
tuning, 442
commands, see statements
compatibility, 124-125
concatenation feature, 544
extensions, 125
gateways, 151
migration, 124-125
optimizers
cost-based optimizer, 611-616
rule-based optimizer, 611-613
queries
execution, 625-628, 631-633, 636-637
multiple queries, 57
statements
@ (at sign), 275
ALTER SESSION, 346
ALTER TABLE, 854
ANALYZE, 350-356, 612-616, 810-811
analyzing, 356-357
AUDIT, 457-458
auditing, 459-460
code, 620
COMMIT, 339
CREATE ROLE, 272-273
CREATE SNAPSHOT, 318, 320
CREATE TABLE, 297-298
CREATE TYPE BODY, 294
CREATE TYPE, 294
creating, 363-368
DECODE, 125
DMBS SQL, 387-393
DML statements, 26
DROP ROLE, 274
executing, 343, 387-393
EXPLAIN PLAN, 357, 360-363
GRANT, 269, 272
NOAUDIT, 458
optimizing, 344-356
parsing, 611
processing, 340-344
REVOKE, 269
select statement, 57, 66
SET ROLE, 273
START, 275
subqueries, 606-607
tuning, 587, 605
application code, 606-608
explain plans, 616-620
indexing, 608-611
optimizers, 611-616
parsing, 611
third-party tools, 616-620
TKPROF tool, 606
SQL Analyze (Enterprise Manager), 516-517
SQL areas, 21
SQL directory, 105
SQL Loader Generator (Data Conversion Tool), 135, 138
SQL Performance Tuner (Bradmark Technology, Inc.), 553
SQL Trace facility, 358
functionality, 358-359
initialization parameters, 358
interpreting, 359-360
SQL TRACE init.ora file parameter, 598
SQL*DBA, 232, 524
SQL*Loader, 419, 434, 528
command line, 435, 528-529
uses, 528
SQL*Net, 25
configuration files, 562
connecting, 418, 421-422
background process, 422
dispatchers, 422-423
listener process, 422
listeners, 422-423
multiProtocol interchange, 423
multithreaded servers, 422
Names Server, 424
Connection Manager, 421
Data Conversion Tool (DCT), 137
environment, 423
listeners, 29
processes, 212
protocol, 321
SQL*Plus, 532
system identifier (SID), 173
testing, 445
SQL*Net transparency, 151
SQL*Plus, 13, 232, 445, 524, 529
availability, 529
command files, creating, 533
commands, 529-530
A, 533
ACCEPT, 536
APPEND new text, 533
BREAK, 534-535
BTITLE, 534
C, 533
CHANGE/target text/new text/, 533
CLEAR, 534
COLUMN, 534-535
COMPUTE, 535
DEFINE, 536
DEL, 533
DESC, 536
DESCRIBE, 536
EDIT filename, 533
editing commands, 533
execute commands, 532
formatting commands, 534-535
GET filename, 533
HELP topic, 532
HOST, 532
I, 533
INPUT text, 533
L, 533
LIST number, 533
PAUSE, 536
PROMPT, 536
REM, 536
REMARK, 536
RUN, 532
RUNFORM, 532
SAVE filename, 533
security, 530
SET, 536-537
SPOOL, 537
START filename param1 param2, 533-534
TIMING, 532
TITLE, 535
TTITLE, 539
UNDEFINE, 537
environment, 530
exiting, 530
history, 524
limitations, 529
reports
cross tabular reports, 539-541
formatting, 537-538, 544-548
forms, 544-548
generating, 538-539
master/detail reports, 541-543
multi-table reports, 543-544
scripts
cold backup automation, 574-577
hot backup automation, 578-582
recovery of backups, 582-583
shutdown/startup, 577
SQL, 530
SQL code, 548-551
SQL*Net, 532
starting, 530
startup options, 530-532
uses, 524, 529
SQL*Server, 27
SQL*Station (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 553-554
SQLab (Quest Software), 554
SQLJ, 654
SQLTrace (Platinum Technology), 474
stack space (multithreaded servers), 194
staging areas (migration), 132-134, 136, 138
standard data types (objects), 303
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), 671
Standard Query Language (SQL), see SQL
standards
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker, 9-10, 41
DCOM (Distributed Common Object Model), 9
metadata, 770
network computing, 36
OLAP (On-Line Analytic Processing), 61
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), 104
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), 671
standby databases, 420, 569, 573
configuration, 569-570
maintenance, 570
recovery, 571
star hint, 615, 760
star queries, 68, 609
star schema, 752
data warehouses, 752-757
dimension tables, 753-754
combining, 756-757
customer dimension table, 756
salesperson dimension table, 755-756
service dimension table, 755
time dimension table, 754-755
fact tables, 752-753
START filename param1 param2 SQL*Plus command, 533-534
START statement, 275
start value parameter, 231
starting
Export utility, 525
Import utility, 525
instances, 503
Server Manager, 525
SQL*Plus, 530-532
troubleshooting, 445
statements
@ (at sign), 275
ALTER SESSION, 346
ALTER TABLE, 854
ANALYZE, 350-356, 612-616, 810-811
analyzing, 356-357
AUDIT, 457-458
auditing, 459-460
code, 620
COMMIT, 339
CREATE ROLE, 272-273
CREATE SNAPSHOT, 318, 320
CREATE TABLE, 297-298
CREATE TYPE BODY, 294
CREATE TYPE, 294
creating, 363-368
DECODE, 125
DMBS SQL, 387-393
DML statements, 26
DROP ROLE, 274
executing, 343
DMBS SQL, 387-393
parallelization, 343
EXPLAIN PLAN, 357, 360-363
GRANT, 269, 272
NOAUDIT, 458
optimizing, 344-345
ANALYZE statement, 350-356
optimizers, 345-350
parsing, 611
processing, 340
bind variables, 343
cursor creation, 340
execution, 343
fetch rows, 343
parallelization, 343
parsing, 340-342
queries, 342
review, 344
REVOKE, 269
SET ROLE, 273
START, 275
select statement
inner selects, 66
outer selects, 66
sub-selects, 57
subqueries, 606-607
statistics
ANALYZE statement, 350-352
cost-based optimizer, 630
data dictionary, 353-356
status column (tablespaces), 234
stop method (Video Custom Control), 832
stopping migration, 117
storage
disks, 200
files, 207, 214-215
indexes, 224
memory, 200
parameters, 233-234, 428, 435
RAID, 90
hardware RAID, 91
levels, 91
mirroring, 90-91
software RAID, 91
striping, 91
warm recovery, 91
snapshots (data), 318
tables, 220, 222
Storage Manager, 511-512
STORE AS clause, 307
stored configurations, editing, 503
stored procedures, 218, 368
accessing, 230
advantages, 229-230, 341
contents, 230
definition, 229
disadvantages, 230
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 659-660
PL/SQL, 230
privileges, 229-230
purpose, 220
tablespaces, 230
streaming (JDBC), 661
stress testing of OLTP applications, 811
striping
disk (RAID), 91
tablespaces, 428
structural integrity, checking, 353
structures (data), 202
sub-selects, 57
SUBMIT procedure, 477-479
submitting jobs, 477-479
subqueries, 606-607
subtrees, see directories
Sun
JavaStation, 51
Network Computer Reference Profile, 51
Solaris, 27, 102
hardware requirements, 102-103
software requirements, 103
sunset systems, migration, 123
supplied PL/SQL packages, see PL/SQL, packages
support
architectures, 14
Oracle7.x, 8, 10
unstructured data, 12
supporting files, 23-24
survivability of replication, 331-333
svrmgrl @filename command (UNIX), 525
svrmgrl command (UNIX), 525
swapping memory, 588
switching files, 206
Sybase
gateways, 150
migration to Oracle, 122
symmetric replication agents (replicated environment), 322
synonyms, 218
accessing tables, 228
creating, 228
definition, 228
hierarchy, 229
private synonyms, 229
privileges, 229, 248
public synonyms, 229, 248
purpose, 219
SYS.AUD$ audit trail, 455-457, 463
system administrators
reviewing installation plans with, 84
tuning tasks, 441, 586
upgrades, 95
system backups, 558
System Global Area (SGA), 20-21, 187-189
controlling, 193-194
database buffer cache, 189-190
not available messages, 188
redo log buffer, 190-191
shared pool, 191
cursors, 192-193
data dictionary cache, 192
interprocess communications area, 193
multithreaded server queues, 193
shared SQL, 191-192
tuning, 592-594
system identifier (SID), 173
system metadata, 768
system migration, see migration
System Monitor (SMON), 172-174, 450
system privileges, 240, 244
access privileges, 243
any privileges, 245, 254-259
database maintenance privileges, 245, 259-260
DBAs, 254-258, 268
guidelines for using, 258-259
Oracle8, 245
default privileges, 261
descriptions, 244
developer privileges, 245, 253-254
dummy users, 261-262
grantors, 268
grants, 268, 274
admin option, 271
assigning, 269
command line management, 276
Enterprise Manager, 276
limiting, 271
limits, 271
public option, 271, 275
removing, 269
scripts, 275-276
viewing, 269-271
history, 241
Oracle6, 241-242
Oracle7, 242
Oracle8, 242
implementation, 242-243
internal connections, 261
monitoring privileges, 245, 260
object privileges, 246, 250
ALTER, 246
columns (tables), 252
databases, 247
DELETE, 246
EXECUTE, 246
INDEX, 246
indexes, 226, 248
INSERT, 246
map, 247-248
objects, 248
owners, 247
packages, 230
procedures, 248, 252
REFERENCES, 246
SELECT, 247
sequences, 232, 248, 251
stored procedures, 229-230
synonyms, 229, 248
tables, 223, 247, 250
tablespaces, 247
UPDATE, 247
views, 228, 248, 251
Oracle6
CONNECT users, 241, 245
DBAs, 241, 244-245
RESOURCE users, 241, 245
Oracle7, 244-245
Oracle8, 245
prerequisites, 244
purpose, 241
roles, 242, 268, 271-272
assigning, 273
command line management, 276
contents, 273
creating, 272-273
defaults, 273
Enterprise Manager, 276
grants, 272, 274
hierarchies, 273
passwords, 274
removing, 274
schemes, 262-266
building, 268, 283-284
data warehouse, 280-282
development instance, 282-283
Financials (Oracle), 268
online transaction processing system, 277-279
user privileges, 245, 252
ALTER SESSION, 252
CREATE SESSION, 252
FORCE TRANSACTION, 252
system processing, 449-450
system resources, 78-79
SYSTEM tablespace, 424, 426, 591
systems
monitoring, 468
operating systems
interfacing, 146-147
migration of applications, 126
sunset systems migration, 123

T

Table Size Worksheet, 437
tables, 218, 220
accessing, 223, 228
audit trails, 455-457
calculating size of, 436-439
child tables, 432
clusters, 218
creating, 230
definition, 230-231
purpose, 220
codes tables in VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 855
columns, 220
calculating size of columns, 437-439
creating, 221
data types, 221-223
names, 222
privileges, 252
sizes, 222
constraints, 236
applying, 237
DEFAULT constraint, 236
FOREIGN KEY constraint, 237
LIST OF VALUES constraint, 237
NOT NULL constraint, 236
NULL constraint, 236
PRIMARY KEY constraint, 237
purpose, 220
UNIQUE constraint, 236
creating, 221, 435-436, 504-505
data mining
inter-table data mining, 776
intra-table data mining, 775
duplicating, 11-12
indexes, 223-224, 363-364
creating, 224-225
definition, 224
design, 225-226
dropping, 226
effect on data, 226
index-only tables, 610-611, 795-796, 845-846
location, 226
maintenance, 225
number of, 225
privileges, 226
purpose, 219
queries, 225
re-creating, 226
searching, 224-225
storage, 224
tuning, 599
unique indexes, 226
updating, 225
views, 226-227
loading, 432
Import utility, 432
SQL*Loader, 434
LOBs, creating, 306-308
lookup tables, 176
names, 221
nested tables, 297-299
creating, 508-509
data cartridges, 729
within objects, 236
object tables, 506, 508-509
OLTP applications, 792-793
parent tables, 432
partitioning, 12, 27, 600-602
data warehouses, 759
editing partitions, 854
number of partitions possible, 840
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 837, 839-842
partitions, 235
creating, 235
purpose, 219-220
uses, 235
privileges, 223, 247, 250
ALTER, 250
DELETE, 250
INDEX, 250
INSERT, 250
REFERENCES, 250
SELECT, 250
UPDATE, 250
purpose, 218
range partitioning, 367-368
referential integrity, 431-432, 525
replication, 11-12
rows, 220-221
searching
full table scans, 631
indexes, 631-632
INTERSECT algorithm, 632
merge-join algorithm, 631-632
nest loop algorithm, 632-633
UNION algorithm, 632
UNION ALL algorithm, 632
sequences, 231
accessing, 231
creating, 231
maintenance, 232
parameters, 231
privileges, 232
purpose, 219
sizing during installation planning process, 78
splitting, 78
star schemas
dimension tables, 753-757
fact tables, 752-753
storage, 220, 222
synonyms
definition, 228
hierarchy, 229
purpose, 219
SYS.AUD$ audit trail table, 463
tablespaces, assigning, 222
transaction space, 221
unloading, 432-433
VARRAYs, 298-299
views, 223
purpose, 219
synonyms, 219
TABLESPACE parameter, 307
tablespace quotas, 271
tablespaces, 218, 232
blocks, 427-428
coalescing, 429
defaults, 435
CD-ROMs, 425
creating, 426
data files, 202-203, 219, 232
automatic resizing, 213
read-only tablespaces, 203
defaults, 426
definition of, 424
designing, 78
extents, 233, 427-428
defaults, 435
monitoring, 445
recommendations, 446
fragmentation, 428
ADHawk Spacer utility, 553
causes of, 429-431
DFRAG utility, 553
extent interleaving, 428-430
performance, 428
row chaining, 429-430
row migration, 429
striping, 428
TSReorg utility, 553
tuning, 603-605
I/O distribution, 427
maintenance, 424-430
monitoring utilization, 469-470
naming, 426
offline, 234
online, 234
organization, 426
partitioning, 424-425
partitions, 235
point in time tablespaces, 64
privileges, 247
purpose, 219
queries, 232-233
read-only tablespaces, 425-426
rollback segments
location, 595
tuning, 594-595
ROLLBACK tablespace, 426, 591
sizes of, 424
snapshots (data), 318
space, 424, 427-428
free space, 436
managing, 430
status column, 234
storage parameters, 233-234, 428, 435
stored procedures, 230
SYSTEM tablespace, 424, 426, 591
tables, assigning, 222
TEMPORARY tablespace, 424, 426, 591
tuning, 599
uses, 426
tags (HTML), 672-674
Tandem, 568
tape drives, 78
TAR directory (Optimal Flexible Architecture), 214
Tcl scripts, 493
TCP/IP network protocol, 321, 667
technical support
phone numbers, 97
upgrades, 96
technologies
data warehouses, 751-752
network computing, 33-34
Java, 38-39
JavaBeans, 42-43
object technology, 37-38
vendors, 34
telephone numbers for technical support, 97
TEMPORARY tablespace, 424, 426, 591
termination of applications, processing, 339
testing
applications
after software upgrades, 94, 96
Personal Oracle, 69
beta test period, 8
cartridges, 734
migration, 109
Net8, 445
SQL*Net, 445
stress testing of OLTP applications, 811
upgrades, 109
text data cartridge, 720
text editors, 275
ThinNet 8, 47
third-party tools, 551
data movement, 552
database administration, 551
monitoring, 554-555
SQL tuning, 616, 618-620
tablespace organization, 552-553
tuning, 553-554
three-tier network computing, 45-46
tier one development platforms, 8-9, 27
tiers, processing as a multiple user solution, 11
time dimension tables (star schemas), 754-755
Time Series cartridge, 107, 720, 722
TIMED STATISTICS init.ora file parameter, 358, 598
timing of upgrades, 95-96
TIMING SQL*Plus command, 532
TKPROF tool, 606
tolerance, 26-27
tools
media authoring tools, 826
Media Objects, 825-827, 829
monitoring tools, 760
Oracle8 installation, 77
third-party tools, 551
data movement, 552
database administration, 551
monitoring, 554-555
SQL tuning, 616, 618-620
tablespace organization, 552-553
tuning, 553-554
TKPROF tool, 606
see also managers, utilities
TP monitor, 796, 838
trace files, 24, 201, 212, 606
housekeeping, 213
location, 212
messages, 212
purging, 213
Trace utility, 636
reports, 636-637
turning on, 636
tracking migration, 140
traffic patterns, analyzing, 78
training
consultants, 9
customers, 9
developers with Personal Oracle, 69-70
media data, 819
transaction consistent snapshots, 317
Transaction Process (TP) monitor, 796, 838
transaction processing system, 277-279
transaction space (tables), 221
transactions
commits, 339
deferred transactions, 327, 838
definition of, 338
distributed transactions, 152-153, 335
OLTP applications, see OLTP applications
processing, 338-339, 449-450
steps, 338-340
unrecoverable transactions, 607
VLDBs (Very Large Databases)
archiving, 852-854
batch jobs, 851
rollback segments, 851-852
Web Application Server 3.0, 683-685
transmitting media data over networks, 825
transparent gateways, 149-150
benefits, 151-153
Data Conversion Tool (DCT), 137
data dictionaries, 153
distributed databases, 164
distributed transactions, 152-153, 327
levels of transparency
access method transparency, 150
location transparency, 151
network transparency, 151
operating system transparency, 151
Oracle Transparent Gateways
cost-based optimizer, 152
schema mapping, 153
PL/SQL support, 151-152
SQL support, 151
trigger support, 151
trees, see directories
triggers, 254
auditing databases, 467
creating, 549-551
gateways, 151
INSTEAD OF triggers, 302-303
troubleshooting, 418, 444
files, 24, 205, 208
installation, 444
memory, 444, 588
migration, 117-118
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 651-652
semaphores, 444
shutdown, 445
startup, 445
Ulimit violations, 445
upgrades, 117-118
TSReorg utility (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 553
TTITLE SQL*Plus command, 535, 539
tuning, 418, 443, 586
applications, 344, 624
index design, 635
query optimization, 624-631, 633-635, 637-638
checklist, 621
code, 442
databases, 442, 624
levels
database level, 587, 598-605
operating system level, 586-591
ranking importance, 587
RDBMS level, 586-587, 592-598
SQL level, 587, 605-616, 618-620
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), 649-651
OLTP applications, 798
iostat utility, 798-800
vmstat utility, 800-801
operating systems, 442
Oracle8, 442
proactive tuning, 441, 586
reactive tuning, 441, 586
roles
DBA, 441-442, 586
developer, 442, 586
system administrator, 441, 586
SQL Performance Tuner (Bradmark Technology, Inc.), 553
SQL statements, 344-345
ANALYZE statement, 350-356
optimizers, 345-350
SQL*Station (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 553-554
SQLab (Quest Software), 554
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 850-851
Tuning Pack (Enterprise Manager), 485
Oracle Expert, 515-516
Performance Manager, 512-514
SQL Analyze, 516-517
Tuxedo (BEA), 796-797
two-phase commits, 327
two-tier network computing, 44
types (objects), 294
attributes, 728
base types, 299-301
creating, 295-296, 505-507
data cartridges, 728
instantiation of types, 294
REFs, 296
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 860-861

U

Ulimit
setting, 445
violations, 445
UML (Uniform Modeling Language), 36
UNDEFINE SQL*Plus command, 537
Uniform Modeling Language (UML), 36
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), 669-670
UNION algorithm, 632
UNION ALL algorithm, 632
UNIQUE constraint, 236
unique indexes, creating, 226
unique keys (indexes), 64
uniqueness conflicts, 328
UNIX operating system, 16
architecture, 60
commands
iostat -d, 591
ipcrm -m <id, 444
ipcrm -s <id, 444
ipcs -m command, 444
ipcs -s command, 444
mypump, 824
sar, 588
sar -d, 591
svrmgrl, 525
svrmgrl @filename command, 525
file system for disk drives, 588-589
kernel settings, 587
NT, 70-72
OLTP applications, 797
data files, 801-802
disk mirroring, 802
performance tuning utilities, 798-801
RAID, 802
raw volumes versus file system, 797-798
Oracle8 installation, 76
platforms, 102
programs
extproc, 608
vmstat, 588
vi editor, 209
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE developer privilege, 254
unloading tables, 432-433
unrecoverable transactions, 607
UNS NL (table table,) hint, 634
unstructured data support, 12
UPDATE ANY TABLE privilege, 257
update conflicts, 328-331
UPDATE object privilege, 247
tables, 250
views, 251
updating
data warehouses, 757-758, 760-765
indexes, 225
parallel updating, 10
upgrades, 108
abandoning, 117
backout plan, 94-95
backups, 95, 112-117
challenges, 92-93
considerations, 93-94
copying data, 109
Export utility, 108-109
Import utility, 108-109
migration utility, 108
Oracle7.x databases to Oracle8, 8, 10
personnel support, 95-96
preparation, 111-112
technical support, 96
testing, 109
timing, 95-96
troubleshooting, 117-118
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 669-670
use async io parameter, 114
USE CONCAT hint, 615
USE HASH hint, 616
USE MERGE hint, 616
USE MERGE(table table,) hint, 635
USE NL(table table,) hint, 634
Usenet news, 667
user dump dest parameter, 211, 358
user IDs, 510
user logins, auditing, 458-459
user privileges, 245, 252
user processing, 19, 449
query processing, 449
transaction processing, 449-450
user queues, 402
user sessions
auditing, 458-459
monitoring, 468, 470-471
user space (memory), 187, 195-196
software, 196
sort area, 196
user-defined attributes, 287
user-defined datatypes, 13, 218
accessing, 236
creating, 236
purpose, 220
users
authentication, 703-704
businesses, 77-79
connection pooling, 11
DBLink concentration, 11
dummy users, 261-262
network computing, 37
OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) applications, 782-783
privileges
access privileges, 243
CONNECT users, 241, 245
DBAs, 241, 244-245
history, 241
implementation, 242-243
object privileges, 243-244
Oracle6, 241-242
Oracle7, 242
Oracle8, 242
purpose, 241
RESOURCE users, 241, 245
roles, 242
queues, 402
quotas, 271
replicated environments
end users, 322
replication administrators, 322-324
symmetric replication agents, 322
reviewing installation plans with, 84
verification of, 704-705
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 837-838
World Wide Web, 33
utilities
ADHawk Spacer utility (Quest Software), 553
CATBLOCK utility, 474
communications utilities, 25
DFRAG utility (ARIS Corporation), 553
Export, 419, 525
backups, 528
command line, 433, 526-527
data movement, 525-526
Direct Path option, 566
history, 524
incremental backups, 565-567, 572
migration, 108-109
starting, 525
unloading tables, 432-433
uses, 420
Fast Unload (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 552
Import, 419, 525
backups, 528
command line, 434, 527
data movement, 525
history, 524
incremental backups, 565-567, 572
loading tables, 432
migration, 108-109
starting, 525
uses, 420
iostat utility, 798-800
Media Data Store (MDA), 822-824
mdelete utility, 823
mdschecksum utility, 822
mdsconcat utility, 822
mdscopy utility, 822-823
mdscreate utility, 823
mdsdelete utility, 823
mdsdir utility, 823
mdsdiskmode utility, 823
mdsdump utility, 823
mdslock utility, 823
mdsrebuild utility, 823
mdsrename utility, 823
mdstar utility, 824
mdstruncate utility, 824
mdsundelete utility, 824
mdsunlock utility, 824
mdsvolinit utility, 824
mdsvstat utility, 824
migration utility, 108-111
Patrol (BMC Software), 474
SQL*Loader, 435
SQLTrace (Platinum Technology), 474
Trace utility, 636
reports, 636-637
turning on, 636
TSReorg utility (Platinum Technology, Inc.), 553
UTLBSTAT utility, 473-474
UTLESTAT utility, 473-474
UTLLOCKT utility, 474
vmstat utility, 800-801
vobsh utility, 487
see also managers, tools
utility of Oracle, 55
UTL FILE PL/SQL package, 373-379
UTLBSTAT utility, 473-474
UTLESTAT utility, 473-474
UTLLOCKT utility, 474

V

V$DISPATCHER data dictionary view, 452
V$LATCH data dictionary view, 452
V$SESS IO data dictionary view, 452
V$SESSION data dictionary view, 452
V$SHARED data dictionary view, 452
V$SYSSTAT data dictionary view, 452
value of data, 61
varchar2 attribute, 287
varchar2(size) data type, 222
variable-size arrays, see VARRAYs
variables
binding, 343
host variables, 804-806
VARRAYs, 298-299
creating, 506-508
data cartridges, 729
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 862
VDBA (video database administrator), 822
vendors
gateways, 149
network computers, 51
network computing technologies, 34
verification of users, 704-705
very large databases, see VLDBs
vi editor, 209
video
banking, 820
editing, 822
games, 820-821
help desk support, 819
home shopping, 820
kiosks, 819
Media Server, 816, 821-822
Media Data Store (MDS), 822-824
Video Pump, 824
news services, 820
presentations, 819
reference materials, 821
training, 819
Video On Demand (VOD), 818, 820
VOD (Video On Demand), 818, 820
Video Custom Control
methods, 830-832
properties, 830-832
Video data cartridge, 720, 722
video database administrator (VDBA), 822
Video On Demand (VOD), 818, 820
Video Pump, 824
VideoFormat property (Video Custom Control), 832
viewing
event sets, 492
files
control files, 561
database files, 561
redo log files, 562
grants, 269-271
histograms, 610
jobs, 480-481
views, 218, 223, 227
accessing, 228
audit trails
creating, 456
data dictionary views, 456-457
deleting, 456
conversion views, 138
creating, 228
data dictionary views, 452
audit trails, 456-457
job queues, 480-481
DBAs
DBA sys privs view, 269-270
DBA tab privs view, 269-270
definition, 227
dropping, 228
editing, 228
indexes, 226-228
object views, 301
creating, 301-302
INSTEAD OF triggers, 302-303
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 861
privileges, 228, 248, 251
purpose, 219
re-creating, 228
synonyms
definition, 228
purpose, 219
tables, 223
uses, 227-228
Virage data cartridge, 723
virtual arcades, 820
virtual databases, 322, 328-331
Virtual Machine (VM), 676
virtual memory, 187
virtual policy for conflict resolution, 327
Visual Basic, 829-830
Visual J++, 27
VLDBs (Very Large Databases), 836
archiving, 852-854
backups with Recovery Manager, 856, 858-860
characteristics, 836-837
definition of, 854-855
design issues, 836
Export utility, 420
failures, 860
high availability, 840
Import utility, 420
index fast full scans, 849
index-only tables, 845-846
indexes
bitmap indexes, 847-849
partitioning, 837, 842-845
reverse key indexes, 849
management, 840-842
object types, 860-861
object views, 861
Parallel DML (PDML), 846-847
performance, 840
queries, 838
recoveries with Recovery Manager, 856-858
rollback segments, 851-852, 855
servers, 838
tables
index-only tables, 845-846
partitioning, 837, 839-842
transactions
batch jobs, 851
deferred transactions, 838
tuning, 850-851
users, managing, 837-838
VARRAYs, 862
VMS operating system, 16
vmstat utility (UNIX), 588, 800-801
vobsh utility, 487
VOD (Video On Demand), 818, 820
voltab file, 824

W

WANs (Wide Area Networks), 312
warehouses, see data warehouses
warm recovery (RAID), 91
WAS 3.0, see Web Application Server 3.0, 666
Web, see World Wide Web
Web Application Server 3.0, 666, 681
Advanced version, 712
Developer/2000, 708, 711-712
forms, 708-710
graphics, 711
reports, 710
Dispatcher, 682
future, 713
non-Oracle databases, accessing, 702-703
purchase information, 712
security, 703
guidelines, 707
Secure Sockets Layer, 705-706
user authentication, 703-704
user verification, 704-705
Standard Version, 712
Web Developer Suite, 713
Web Listener, 682
Web Request Broker (WRB), 682-683
API, 701
cartridges, 685-702
processes, 683
transactions, 683-685
Web Listener (WAS 3.0), 682
Web Request Broker (WAS 3.0), 682-683
API, 701
cartridges, 685-687
C cartridge, 701
custom cartridges, 701-702
InterCartridge Exchange (ICX), 702
Java, 698-699
Live HTML, 701
OCI (Oracle Call Interface), 701
ODBC, 699-701
Perl, 701
PL/SQL, 687-698
processes, 683
transactions, 683-685
Web servers
architecture, 47-48, 182-183
processes, 182-183
Web sites
Aris Corporation, 553
Bradmark Technology, Inc., 551, 553-554
Embarcadero Technologies, Inc., 551
Platinum Technology, Inc., 551, 553-554
Quest Software, 553-555
where clause, 223, 225
Wide Area Networks (WANs), 312
Windows Notepad, 209
Windows NT, 9, 27
advantages, 27-28
architecture, 60
disadvantages, 28
Oracle8 environment, 28-29
Oracle8 installation, 76
services, 28-29
UNIX, 70-72
wizards
Setup Wizard (Replication Manager), 334
Snapshot Wizard (Replication Manager), 334
work environments, 16
worksheets
Index Size Worksheet, 439-440
Table Size Worksheet, 437
World Wide Web, 9
applets, 740-741
architecture, 667-668
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 671-675
HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol), 668-671
Java, 676
JavaScript, 676
browsers for applets, 60
business operations, 58-59
communication, 34
forms
designing, 709-710
Developer/2000, 708-709
graphics, 711
history, 667
impact on computing, 34
Network Computing Architecture (NCA), 676-678
reports, 710
security, 703
guidelines, 707
Secure Sockets Layer, 705-706
user authentication, 703-704
user verification, 704-705
sites, see Web sites
value to users, 33
virtual arcades, 820
wrbahsrv process, 683
wrbasrv process, 683
wrbcfg process, 683
wrbfac process, 683
wrblog process, 683
wrbroker process, 683
wrbvpm process, 683
writing
files
archive log files, 205, 207-208
online redo log files, 206
redo log files, 206
UTL FILE PL/SQL package, 373-379
plans for installation, 83

X–Y–Z

X.11 terminals, 35
X/Open
API, 796-797
Common Programming Interface for Communication, 154
Document Number X975, 51
XA, 796-797
year 2000 and date datatype compliance, 222


Table of Contents